K>?dKhripounoff, A. Vangriesheim, A. Crassous, P. Segonzac, M. Colaco, A. Desbruyeres, D. Barthelemy, R.2001xParticle flux in the Rainbow hydrothermal vent field (Mid- Atlantic Ridge): Dynamics, mineral and biological composition633-656Journal of Marine Research594plucky-strike segment; endeavor ridge; water column; time- series; sea; plume; ocean; sediments; plankton; larvaeJul5 In order to provide information about the export and the distribution of hydrothermal particulate material to the surrounding deep ocean, four moorings were deployed in the vicinity of the hydrothermal Rainbow vent field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 36 degrees 14'N, 2250 m depth). The first mooring was a sediment trap with a current meter deployed at 2 m from a chimney of the Rainbow vent field and 1.5 m above the bottom (a.b.) for 16 days. It represented the reference for the initial composition of particles produced by the vent. The total mean mass particle flux (6.9 g m(-2) d(-1)) was distinctly higher than the flux measured at the shallower hydrothermal vents on the MAR segment. This particulate flux showed a high temporal variation at the scale of a few days and was characterized by a high concentration of sulphur (17.2%) and copper (3.5%) and a very low concentration of organic carbon (0.14%). Several hundred bivalve larvae belonging to the hydrothermal mytilid Bathymodiohis azoricus were collected in this trap at the beginning of the experiment. The density of larvae decreased strongly at the end, indicating a patchiness distribution or a discontinuous reproduction of this species. The other three moorings, including sediment traps, current- meters and thermistor chains, were deployed for 304 days at different distances and altitudes from the Rainbow vent field. The mean speed of the current in the rift valley was low (6 cm s(-1)) and was oriented toward the north. The total mean particle mass flux measured with the five sediment traps varied little, from 10.6 to 25.0 mg m m(-2) d(-1), and displayed temporal variations which are typical of deep-sea environments with seasonal changes in the overlying production. However, in the trap at 500 m from the vents 150 m a.b., the presence of the hydrothermal plume can be observed: the sulphur, iron and copper concentrations of particles were significantly higher compared to the particles sampled in the pelagic reference trap. The plume composition was about 50% hydrothermal particles and 50% pelagic particles and its upper limit reached 300 m a.b. at this distance. In the traps at 1000 m from the vents, the elemental composition of particles was similar to the pelagic particles and we assume that these traps were not in the plume during the experiment. The zooplankton obtained in the long-term trap samples revealed high density variations in relation to the distance from the vent site. The nutrient enrichment around the hydrothermal area and the abundance of free living bacteria explain these variations in zooplankton density.://000171207400006.Times Cited: 1 English Article 476BY J MAR RES J. Mar. Res.ISI:000171207400006>?Planque, B. Batten, S. D.2000eCalanus finmarchicus in the North Atlantic: the year of Calanus in the context of interdecadal change 1528-1535Ices Journal of Marine Science576Calanus finmarchicus; Continuous Plankton Recorder; copepods; North Atlantic; plankton c-helgolandicus; abundance; environment; zooplanktonDecUsing data collected by the Continuous Plankton Recorder survey, ne review the regional characteristics of Calanus populations from distinct areas of the North Atlantic and update the observations of dominant changes that have occurred during the past four decades. Timing of the seasonal cycle of abundance of C. finmarchicus can vary by up to four months between oceanic provinces. We provide the first pan-Atlantic estimate of the contribution of C. finmarchicus to the biomass of the planktonic ecosystem in comparison with other copepod taxa. This estimate reveals that, over most of the North Atlantic, C. finmarchicus represents more than half the copepod biomass sampled by the CPR. Comparison of the abundance of C. finmarchicus recorded during the "Year of Calanus" (1997) with that recorded in the past indicates that, in the Northeast Atlantic, the abundance and relative biomass of the species during the TASC years have been the lon est ever recorded. (C) 2000 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.://0001672240000023Times Cited: 1 English Article 406PH ICES J MAR SCIICES J. Mar. Sci.ISI:000167224000002~>?Greene, C. H. Pershing, A. J.2000The response of Calanus finmarchicus populations to climate variability in the Northwest Atlantic: basin-scale forcing associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation 1536-1544Ices Journal of Marine Science576Calanus finmarchicus; climate variability; North Atlantic Oscillation; shelf ecosystems nova-scotia shelf; c-helgolandicus; el-nino; zooplankton; sea; ocean; gulf; environment; temperature; atmosphereDecThe North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is associated with decadal-scale forcing of climate and physical oceanography throughout the North Atlantic. Oceanographers have recently established correlations between the NAG and various processes at work in the shelf ecosystems of the NE Atlantic, correlations that have led them to suggest several hypotheses explaining the mechanistic basis of ecosystem and population responses to the NAG. Here, we incorporate these ideas into a new. conceptual framework for interpreting the responses of shelf ecosystems to climate variability on both sides of the North Atlantic. This conceptual framework, contrasting the relative importance of internal ecological dynamics versus advective exchange processes, is used to examine the trans- Atlantic responses of Calanus finmarchicus populations to the NAG. We conclude by proposing an NAG-based explanation for the trends in C. finmarchicus abundance observed from 1961 to 1989 on the NW Atlantic Shelf. (C) 2000 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.://0001672240000033Times Cited: 0 English Article 406PH ICES J MAR SCIICES J. Mar. Sci.ISI:000167224000003 K>?VBucklin, A. Astthorsson, O. S. Gislason, A. Allen, L. D. Smolenack, S. B. Wiebe, P. H.2000Population genetic variation of Calanus finmarchicus in Icelandic waters: preliminary evidence of genetic differences between Atlantic and Arctic populations 1592-1604Ices Journal of Marine Science576Calanus finmarchicus; dispersal; DNA sequence; Iceland; population genetics north-atlantic; nannocalanus-minor; possible impact; diversity; abundance; copepodDecLarge-scale circulation patterns in the North Atlantic may partition the ocean basin into three semi-distinct gyre systems: the Norwegian Sea, the northern North Atlantic, and the western North Atlantic. Zooplankton entrained in these gyres may be ecologically, reproductively, and (perhaps) genetically distinct owing to geographic isolation in different circulation systems and/or to isolation by distance. Previous studies have demonstrated that populations of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus in the eastern and western North Atlantic differ significantly in haplotype frequencies of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA. This study documents the results of our search for a more variable and easily assayed molecular population genetic character and provides preliminary evidence of population genetic structuring of C. finmarchicus across the boundary region between Atlantic and Arctic waters surrounding Iceland. The genetic traits used were DNA sequence variation and site-specific allele frequencies of a putative nuclear pseudogene of cytochrome oxidase I (COI), and non-coding (intron) and coding regions of the nuclear gene encoding phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). All traits and both genes revealed significant population genetic differentiation among samples collected from the Northwest Atlantic, Norwegian Sea, North Sea, and Icelandic waters. All characters revealed significant differences among samples collected in Atlantic and Arctic waters surrounding Iceland. Molecular diversity of PGI and pseudo-COI may be useful in examining geographic partitioning of the C. finmarchicus populations on ecologically relevant time and space scales ranging from small-scale patches to ocean gyres. (C) 2000 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.://0001672240000073Times Cited: 1 English Article 406PH ICES J MAR SCIICES J. Mar. Sci.ISI:000167224000007>? UGislason, A. Astthorsson, O. S. Petursdottir, H. Gudfinnsson, H. Bodvarsdottir, A. R.2000`Life cycle of Calanus finmarchicus south of Iceland in relation to hydrography and chlorophyll a 1619-1627Ices Journal of Marine Science576gonad development; North Atlantic; stage development; vertical distribution; zooplankton marine copepod; zooplankton; community; norwayDecThe life history of Calanus finmarchicus was studied in relation to hydrography and chlorophyll cr dynamics south of Iceland between February 1997 and March 1998. Concentrations of chlorophyll rr on the shelf Mere low through February and March (<0.5 mg m(-3)), started to increase in early April and reached a peak in mid-May ( 5 mg m(-3)). Another peak was observed in mid-June (similar to 5-7 mg m(-3)). and a small increase in August (similar to 2.5 mg m(-3)). During winter, C. finmarchicus was virtually absent from the bank, and the population resided mainly in deep (>400 m) water beyond the shelf. Overwintering animals emerged from diapause in the oceanic area and moulted to adults during February, March, and April, during which time some were advected onto the shelf The number of C. finmarchicus on the shelf started to increase in April and showed two main peaks during summer, in May/June(similar to 105 000 individuals m(-2)) and June/July (similar to 95 000 individuals m(-2)), and a minor one in autumn (September/October. similar to 10 000 individuals m(- 2)). The peaks reflected three recruitment events which, by back-calculation, mag be linked to spawning events in April, June, and August/September. All three estimated peaks of reproduction were in close association with periods of relatively high phytoplankton biomass. As judged by the abundance of young developmental stages (C1-C3), the spawnings in April and June were most important and produced similar numbers of offspring, whereas that in August/September contributed insignificantly to the overwintering stock. The results indicate mixing of generations during summer. (C) 2000 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.://0001672240000103Times Cited: 1 English Article 406PH ICES J MAR SCIICES J. Mar. Sci.ISI:000167224000010 >? Wade, I. P. Heywood, K. J.2001Acoustic backscatter observations of zooplankton abundance and behaviour and the influence of oceanic fronts in the northeast Atlantic899-9249Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography484-5Gdoppler current profiler; patterns; water; distributions; winter; ridgeAcoustic Doppler Current Profiler-derived acoustic backscatter data were compared with physical and biological data collected during leg 2 of the PRIME cruise in the northeastern Atlantic during July 1996. The leg 2 transect from 59 to 37 degreesN ran approximately along the 20 degreesW meridian and crossed a range of hydrographic conditions from near subarctic in the north to subtropical in the south. A front at 52.5 degreesN was an extension of a southern branch of the North Atlantic Current system. A stronger frontal feature was observed at 48 degreesN and was considered to be the northern limit of Eastern North Atlantic Water that had been ventilated at the eastern boundary. At 37 degreesN a Lagrangian time-series study was performed. High acoustic backscatter was observed within the PRIME eddy at 59 degreesN and at the southern site. Other changes in backscatter intensity, or more correctly, in 'mean volume backscattering strength' (MVBS), coincided with two main fronts crossed during the transect and upon arrival at the southern site. An increased MVBS in the surface 100 m in the north was not present south of 52.5 degreesN. Between 48 and 37 degreesN the MVBS approached its lowest of the transect. At 37 degreesN marked changes in the backscatter were observed, with a strong signal seen in the top 75 m. As well as changes in the MVBS there were differences in the diel migratory patterns observed in the backscatter. Scattering at 37 degreesN was concentrated above a strong pycnocline at 75 m. In the north the scattering signal was generally noisier and less well defined than in the south. Biomass has been estimated from the MVBS by comparing it with biomass estimates derived from Optical Plankton Counter data and carbon/nitrogen measurements. Although such calibrations have their limitations, the results give important information concerning net sampling strategies and are a good test of the representativeness of such sampling. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000166204500013BTimes Cited: 8 English Article 388VV DEEP-SEA RES PT II-TOP ST OCE*Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.ISI:000166204500013'>? 3Hays, G. C. Clark, D. R. Walne, A. W. Warner, A. J.2001VLarge-scale patterns of zooplankton abundance in the NE Atlantic in June and July 1996951-9619Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography484-5ueastern north-atlantic; plankton distribution; c-helgolandicus; frontal area; finmarchicus; calanus; sea; environmentThe abundance of various mesozooplankon taxa was measured in the NE Atlantic (36-64 degreesN and 15-24 degreesW) during June and July 1996 using a high-speed plankton sampler, the U-Tow. A total of 225 plankton samples were collected, each representing about 16.5 km of tow. The abundance of mesozooplankton during 1996 was compared to the data that have been collected historically in this region by the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey. The abundance of Calanus in 1996 was well below the long-term mean. For fish larvae, euphausiids and amphipods there was a distinct peak in abundance around 49-50 degreesN associated with frontal features, but elsewhere levels of abundance were again generally below the long-term mean. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000166204500015BTimes Cited: 2 English Article 388VV DEEP-SEA RES PT II-TOP ST OCE*Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.ISI:000166204500015>? EVinogradov, M. E. Vereshchaka, A. L. Vinogradov, G. M. Musaeva, E. I.2000\Vertical distribution of zooplankton at the periphery of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre496-510.Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Seriya Biologicheskaya4Ulabrador current; frontal zone; gulf-stream; ocean; peculiarities; communities; fieldJul-AugVertical distribution of meso- and macroplankton at the north (36 degrees 14' N) and south (14 degrees 45' N, 15 degrees 10' N) periphery of the North Atlantic gyre was considered. The plankton was studied in the net samples (BR 113/140) and by direct visual count from deep-sea manned vessel Mir during five descents. In addition, benthopelagic animals were collected with baited traps. Bimodal structure of macroplankton biomass distribution was observed with peaks in the main picknocline layer at 200-800 and at 1000-1200 m depth. Quantitative distribution of the deep-sea plankton, as well as its species composition were affected by the northward current of intermediate waters from mesotrophic boreal areas (at the north periphery) and southward ultraoligotrophic waters of the central gyre (at the south periphery). Consequently, the plankton at 36 degrees N is enriched at depth below 800-1000 m and a number of deep-sea and benthic species from boreal regions penetrate far to the south. Conversely, biomass of the plankton at 14-15 degrees N sharply decreases at a depth below 1000 m, apparently, due to inflow of deep-sea waters from the central oligotrophic part of the gyre.://0000901493000137Times Cited: 0 Russian Article 369AH IZV AKAD NAUK BIOLIzv. Akad. Nauk Ser. Biol.ISI:000090149300013 >?!Oschlies, A. Koeve, W. Garcon, V.2000An eddy-permitting coupled physical-biological model of the North Atlantic 2. Ecosystem dynamics and comparison with satellite and JGOFS local studies data499-523Global Biogeochemical Cycles141general-circulation model; cold-core eddy; northwestern sargasso sea; euphotic zone; plankton community; tropical atlantic; pelagic ecosystem; bloom experiment; organic-carbon; spring bloomMar`A model of biological production in the euphotic zone of the North Atlantic has been developed by coupling a Nitrate, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Detritus (NPZD) nitrogen-based ecosystem model with an eddy-permitting circulation model. The upper ocean physical and biological results are presented for an experiment with monthly climatological forcing. A comparison with satellite ocean color data shows that the model is capable of a realistic description of the main seasonal and regional patterns of surface chlorophyll. Agreement is also good for primary production except in the subtropical gyre where the model produces values more than an order of magnitude smaller than derived from satellite observations. In situ data available at Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) time series and local study sites (Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS), 32 degrees N, 65 degrees W; North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (NABE), 47 degrees N, 20 degrees W; EUMELI oligotrophic, 21 degrees N, 31 degrees W) are used for a more detailed analysis of the model's capability to simultaneously reproduce seasonal ecosystem dynamics in different biological provinces of the North Atlantic Ocean. The seasonal cycle of phytoplankton biomass and nitrate is simulated quite realistically at all sites. Main discrepancies between model and observations are a large zooplankton peak, required by the model to end the phytoplankton spring bloom at the 47 degrees N, 20 degrees W site, and the underestimation of primary production at EUMELI and under oligotrophic summer conditions at BATS. The former model deficiency can be related to the neglect of phytoplankton aggregation; the latter is caused by too inefficient recycling of nutrients within the euphotic zone. Model improvements are suggested for further steps toward a realistic basin-wide multiprovinces simulation with a single ecosystem model.://000085808900034<Times Cited: 6 English Article 292RM GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CYCLEGlob. Biogeochem. CycleISI:000085808900034>?Morales, C. E.1999Carbon and nitrogen fluxes in the oceans: the contribution by zooplankton migrants to active transport in the North Atlantic during the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study 1799-1808Journal of Plankton Research219diel vertical migration; wax esters; respiratory carbon; calanoid copepods; bloom experiment; marine copepods; eastern gulf; metabolism; mesozooplankton; phytoplanktonSepThe role of vertical migrant zooplankton, with both seasonal/ontogenetic and daily strategies, in the active transport of carbon and nitrogen out of the surface layer in the North Atlantic is analysed. The data used were obtained mainly during the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS)-North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (NABE) (1989-1990) in the North Atlantic and from published information on the biochemical composition of the dominant genera/species. The resulting estimates of active transport are compared with the values of sedimentation rates at the JGOFS-NABE stations and other sites in the North Atlantic. The estimates obtained support previous findings indicating that active transport, especially by interzonal diel migrants, should be taken into account in the estimation of total carbon and nitrogen export Aux. The contribution of seasonal migrants to carbon export flux, however, has been considerably underestimated before, although it appears to be significantly lower compared to that of diel migrants. Biomass estimates and biochemical composition, together with mortality and metabolic rates, should be investigated in further detail for some of the dominant species in oceanic areas in order to evaluate active transport more precisely.://0000826916000133Times Cited: 2 English Article 238BT J PLANKTON RESJ. Plankton Res.ISI:000082691600013>?"Gunson, J. Oschlies, A. Garcon, V.1999Sensitivity of ecosystem parameters to simulated satellite ocean color data using a coupled physical-biological model of the North Atlantic613-639Journal of Marine Research574Tcirculation model; world ocean; assimilation; dynamics; station; optimization; flowsJulA means of assimilating simulated satellite ocean color data with a coupled physical-biological model of the North Atlantic Ocean is implemented, allowing the relative sensitivities of different biological parameters to those data to be investigated. The model consists of an eddy-permitting general circulation model derived from the WOCE Community Modeling Effort and a nitrogen-based, four-compartment NPZD marine ecosystem model. Many of the parameters in marine ecosystem models are poorly known and via assimilation, we hope to better constrain their values. The control parameters chosen for the variational assimilation are the model parameters involved in parameterizations of recycling as these are the most poorly known. Simulated observations are taken while following several floats seeded in varying dynamical biogeochemical provinces of the North Atlantic model domain over a six-month period. Twin experimental results show that, for the given functional forms of growth, mortality and grazing, the following parameters can be successfully recovered from simulated satellite ocean color data: nitrate and detrital recycling parameters in the trade wind domain, zooplankton parameters at higher latitudes (westerly wind and polar domains), and the phytoplankton mortality rate in all regions. By simultaneously assimilating ocean color data in different biological provinces, it becomes possible to successfully constrain all ecosystem parameters at once.://000082594000003.Times Cited: 8 English Article 236HK J MAR RES J. Mar. Res.ISI:000082594000003>?EWidder, E. A. Johnsen, S. Bernstein, S. A. Case, J. F. Neilson, D. J.1999[Thin layers of bioluminescent copepods found at density discontinuities in the water column429-437Marine Biology1343sound-scattering layers; calanus-pacificus; metridia-lucens; marine snow; dinoflagellate luminescence; north-atlantic; zooplankton; plankton; predation; behaviorAugTo learn how organisms apportion space in the open ocean, biological oceanographers have sought to improve temporal and spatial resolution of ocean sampling systems. Their objectives are to simultaneously measure physical, chemical and biological structure in the water column in order to find significant correlations that may reveal underlying processes. Here we report one such correlation between intense peaks of bioluminescence and density discontinuities in the water column. Intensified video recordings made in these bioluminescent "hot spots" were analyzed with a computer image- recognition program that identifies organisms based on the temporal and spatial characteristics of their luminescent displays. Based on this analysis, the source of the "hot spots" was found to be very thin layers (0.5 m) of the bioluminescent copepod Metridia lucens present at from 5 to 100 times average background concentrations. Given the recent discovery that the vertical distribution of marine snow is also strongly correlated with density discontinuities in the water column, we suggest that this finding may provide a possible explanation for the disparity between estimated energy requirements of marine copepods and measurements of average in situ food concentrations. The energy costs associated with locating food- rich micro-patches is greatly reduced if those patches are spread out into very thin layers, because the search strategy can be reduced from three dimensions to one.://000082297900004-Times Cited: 2 English Article 231FR MAR BIOL Mar. Biol.ISI:000082297900004>?$Vereshchaka, A. L. Vinogradov, G. M.1999Visual observations of the vertical distribution of plankton throughout the water column above Broken Spur vent field, Mid- Atlantic Ridge 1615-16326Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers469whydrothermal plume; endeavor ridge; scattering layer; zooplankton; macroplankton; sea; 29-degrees-n; communities; oceanSepDVisual observations were made in September 1997 during the 39 cruise of R/V "Akademik Mstislav Keldysh" with 2 deep-sea manned submersibles "Mir" aboard. During 4 dives the following plankton countings were made: 3 vertical throughout the water column during the day, 2 vertical in the upper 1000 m at night, and 1 oblique in the plume area during the day. Biomass profiles are represented for each dive for all abundant animal groups: copepods, euphausiids + decapods + mysids, chaetognaths, medusae, ctenophores, siphonophores, cyclo- thones, myctophides, radiolarians, and the total zooplankton. Plankton distribution shows 2 aggregations, one within the main pycnocline and the other near the plume; Gelatinous animals and radiolarians dominate in both aggregations by biomass and make a significant contribution to the plankton biomass throughout the water column. Oblique counting indicates the presence of aggregations of animals near the upper and lower borders of the plume and biomass depletion within the plume core. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000081843700006BTimes Cited: 4 English Article 223LZ DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:000081843700006r>?Hargreaves, P. M.1999xThe vertical distribution of micronektonic decapod and mysid crustaceans across the Goban Spur of the Porcupine Seabight1-18Sarsia841decapod crustaceans; North Atlantic; micronekton northeast atlantic-ocean; near-bottom; bathymetric distribution; suprabenthic mysids; diel migrations; slope; water; sea; assemblages; zooplanktonThe vertical distribution of micronektonic Decapoda and Mysidacea (Crustacea) is examined along a cross-slope transect of stations with soundings ranging from 192 m to 1800 m in the Porcupine Seabight during spring 1994. Eight species were found only at the three deep-water open oceanic stations to the west of the slope, while the horizontal ranges of others extended from deep-water to the outer (lower) slope station. The numbers of species caught at the inner (upper) slope and shelf station were lower than offshore. The species assemblages were broadly different at the deep-water, upper slope and shelf stations with no species occurring continuously across the whole of the transect. Three deep-living species were found in higher concentrations near-bottom over the slope than at similar depths at the adjacent open ocean stations. Factors affecting distribution of species are discussed.://000080477800001+Times Cited: 1 English Article 199JQ SARSIASarsiaISI:000080477800001 v>?Koppelmann, R. Weikert, H.1999vTemporal changes of deep-sea mesozooplankton abundance in the temperate NE Atlantic and estimates of the carbon budget27-40Marine Ecology-Progress Series179NE Atlantic; deep-sea zooplankton; temporal changes; carbon requirements biogenic particle fluxes; benthic boundary-layer; spatial variability; oxygen-consumption; north-atlantic; sediment trap; insitu rates; photographic evidence; calanus-finmarchicus; marine phytoplanktonFull-depth spring and summer vertical profiles of mesozooplankton numbers and biomass were obtained with a 1 m(2) multiple opening/closing net and environmental sensing system (MOCNESS) from the BIOTRANS (biological vertical transport and energetics in the benthic boundary layer of the deep sea) study area (47 degrees N, 20 degrees W) in the temperate NE Atlantic in 1992. Mesozooplankton abundance was high in spring and less in summer in the upper 750 m. Between 750 and 1050 m differences between these seasons could not be detected. In the upper bathypelagic zone, between 1050 and 2250 m, where abiotic fluctuations are minor, both mesozooplankton biomass and numbers were significantly higher in summer compared to spring. Samples from summer 1989 fitted this pattern. Calanoid copepods of the genus Metridia were the main contributors; most of the major zooplankton groups, though playing a subsidiary role, also showed a significant increase in summer in the upper bathypelagic zone. The increase probably was due to the large transient input of detrital material, which regularly occurred in the course of the phytoplankton spring bloom in the area investigated and may have stimulated the onset of reproduction in the bathypelagic zone. Temporal changes in mesozooplankton abundance could not be detected below 2250 m depth. Metabolic carbon requirements of mesozooplankton, calculated from ETS (electron transport system) data, increased in the bathypelagic zone (1000 to 4250 m) from 1.61 mg C m(-2) d(-1) in spring to 4.12 mg C m(-2) d(-1) in summer. The carbon respired by the bathypelagic micro- and mesozooplankton in summer, based on an assumed spring bloom area of 50 000 km(2), was 893 t C d(-1) as a minimum estimate, which was higher than in spring by a factor of 2.6.://0000802614000037Times Cited: 4 English Article 195PW MAR ECOL-PROGR SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.ISI:000080261400003j>?$Eiane, K. Aksnes, D. L. Ohman, M. D.1998!Advection and zooplankton fitness87-93Sarsia832fitness; zooplankton; advection diel vertical migration; calanus-finmarchicus; population- dynamics; north-atlantic; model; baySuccessful adaptation to the environment by zooplankton is constrained by the agents of mortality (starvation, predation) and losses due to advection. A fitness measure which explicitly includes risk of advective loss is presented. The authors show that as horizontal current speeds and vertical shear increase, the behavioral strategies that maximize fitness of zooplankton possessing different life history strategies are affected. For a Calanus finmarchicus-type life history, fitness is maximized by diel vertical migrations when advection risk in surface waters is low and by spending less time in the surface layers as flow rate increases. For a Paracalanus parvus-type life history, vertical migration is postulated to occur as advective loss increases. The geographic length scale of the habitat of residence also affects the optimal mode of habitat selection. In the Calanus case an abrupt change in the optimal vertical migration pattern is postulated as a function of length scale of habitat and rate of advection.://000076804200002+Times Cited: 0 English Article 135LX SARSIASarsiaISI:000076804200002 E>?NHarris, R. P. Boyd, P. Harbour, D. S. Head, R. N. Pingree, R. D. Pomroy, A. J.1997Physical, chemical and biological features of a cyclonic eddy in the region of 61 degrees 10'N 19 degrees 50'W in the North Atlantic1815-+6Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers4411cold-core eddy; emiliania-huxleyi; bloom experiment; inorganic carbon; spring bloom; southern bay; ocean; coccolithophore; bacterioplankton; zooplanktonNovThe second leg (CD61) of a two cruise investigation of coccolithophore biogeochemistry in the NE subarctic Atlantic provided the opportunity to make a detailed study of a cyclonic eddy in the vicinity of 61 degrees N 20 degrees W. The eddy held in the NE Atlantic is thought to be particularly important with regard to the physics of this region, and may influence the resulting chemical and biological properties of subarctic Atlantic waters. This eddy was ca. 50 km in diameter, moved at ca. 1.5 km d(-1) to the north of east, with a geostrophic circulation around the feature of ca. 25 cm s(-1) and probably extended as far as the ocean floor, where it may have interacted with the bottom topography. The horizontal salinity, nitrate and biological gradients between adjacent waters and the eddy were less marked in the present study than in a previous investigation of a cyclonic eddy in the vicinity of 48 degrees N 22 degrees W (Mittelstaedt, 1987), possibly due to the surface waters of the eddy mixing with surrounding waters. Satellite image sequences clearly link this feature with those studied in a mesoscale coccolithophore bloom studied in the same region on a previous cruise (CD60). Rates of primary production within the eddy were almost twice the mean values reported for Ocean Weather Station India (OWSI) at this time of year, but were similar to those noted during studies at the MLML site to the SE of the eddy location. Other biological rate measurements also indicated that the NE sub-polar Atlantic in mid-summer is more active than previously thought. Despite the extensive coccolithophore bloom studied immediately previously by CD60, there was no measurable coccolithophore calcification in the waters within the eddy in the present study. This is consistent with phytoplankton taxonomic data, which demonstrates that coccolithophore abundance was almost one hundred fold lower at this location on CD61 relative to CD60 and that lith and coccolithophore abundances were grestest in the water column beneath the mixed layer, suggesting sinking. These observations suggest that the decline of the bloom had occurred in the period between the two cruises. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000072322200004BTimes Cited: 8 English Article ZA037 DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:000072322200004L>?%Hays, G. C. Warner, A. J. Tranter, P.1997zWhy do the two most abundant copepods in the North Atlantic differ so markedly in their diel vertical migration behaviour?85-92Journal of Sea Research381-2North Atlantic; diel vertical migration; copepod; Metridia; Calanus; CPR plankton recorder survey; calanus-pacificus; marine copepods; metridia-lucens; zooplankton; predation; fish; distributions; population; selectionDec A total of 55 113 plankton samples, collected between 1948 and 1992 in the North Atlantic by the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey, were used to show that normal diel vertical migration (NDVM) behaviour was far more marked in the copepod Metridia lucens than in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. These two species are of similar size and pigmentation, but differ in morphology, with C. finmarchicus being the more elongate. To examine whether this variation in morphology might be linked to the observed difference in NDVM behaviour, both body morphology and NDVM behaviour were quantified for a further five similar sized copepod species (Pleuromamma robusta, P. abdominalis, C. helgolandicus, C. glacialis and Neocalanus gracilis). NDVM behaviour was significantly less marked in the more elongate species. It is suggested that the more elongate species have a faster avoidance speed from predators, which leads to a lower susceptibility to predation and consequently these species do not need to exhibit marked NDVM behaviour.://000071269300007.Times Cited: 4 English Article YP362 J SEA RES J. Sea Res.ISI:000071269300007>?UVinogradov, G. M. Vereshchaka, A. L. Shushkina, E. A. Arnautov, G. N. Dyakonov, V. Y.1997Vertical distribution of zooplankton above the Broken Spur hydrothermal field in the North-Atlantic Gyre (20 degrees N, 43 degrees W)559-570 Okeanologiya374mscattering layer; deep-sea; insitu rates; black-sea; ridge; plume; communities; ocean; vent; macrozooplanktonJul-AugIn August-September 1996, an expedition on board R/V ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' with two deep-sea manned submersibles ''Mir- 1'' and ''Mir-2'' investigated the vertical distribution of zooplankton above the Broken Spur hydrothermal field in the oligotrophic waters of the North-Atlantic Gyre, Plankton in the water column was sampled with plankton nets, big water bottles (volume 150-1801) and was directly observed and sampled with slurp-gun from the submersibles. The near-bottom (tens and hundreds meteres) layers of water were investigated with significant detailing. No influence of the hydrotherm on the communities in the water column was found, except that some aggregation of planktonic gelatinous animals was found along the borders of hydrothermal plume waters, But in the nearest vicinities of ''black smokers'' (first hundreds of metres) common planktonic animals were replaced by the ones associated with the hydrothermal field (Dirivultidae copepods, shrimps eggs and larvae, etc.). Thus, the hydrothermal community should be regarded as 3-dimensional (''with planktonic hemisphere''), although quasi-closed (with very local influence upon background ecosystems).://A1997XV830000131Times Cited: 5 Russian Article XV830 OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:A1997XV83000013>?KPiontkovski, S. A. Tokarev, Y. N. Bitukov, E. P. Williams, R. Kiefer, D. A.1997.The bioluminescent field of the Atlantic Ocean33-41Marine Ecology-Progress Series156plankton bioluminescence; spatial heterogeneity; Atlantic Ocean epipelagic bioluminescence; north-atlantic; sargasso sea; zooplanktonData from 20 yr (1970 to 1990) of expeditions by the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Ukraine, to the tropical Atlantic Ocean are summarised in the form of a macroscale contour map. The bioluminescent intensity of plankton in the upper 100 m layer was analysed from 2924 casts. Several zones of enhanced bioluminescence are shown from the annual averages (0 to 100 m), associated with major upwellings along the African coast and geostrophic currents forming the westward water mass transport. The macroscale trend of spatial distribution and the stochastic component of the bioluminescence were partitioned by analysis of the autocorrelation functions. General agreement between bioluminescence and zooplankton biomass distributions was noted on an ocean basin scale. The contribution of phyto-and zooplankton fractions to the formation of the integrated bioluminescence potential can Vary significantly in the upper 100 m layer over regions within the tropical zone.://A1997XZ981000047Times Cited: 2 English Article XZ981 MAR ECOL-PROGR SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.ISI:A1997XZ98100004>?Planque, B. Ibanez, F.1997NLong-term time series in Calanus finmarchicus abundance - A question of space?159-164Oceanologica Acta201North Atlantic; Calanus finmarchicus; long-term changes; space- time interactions; Continuous Plankton Recorder continuous plankton records; north-sea; zooplankton; atlanticYear-to-year changes in abundance of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus in the North Atlantic are studied by means of the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR). Using data collected during the years 1962 to 1974, the spatial heterogeneity of long-term trends is studied by numerical analysis: Mantel test, Mantel correlogram, and spatio-temporal clustering. Results reveal that (1) interannual changes of C. finmarchicus abundance are spatially autocorrelated; (2) the spatial structures have a radius varying between 400 and 1100 km; and (3) there is a high variability in the annual changes observed between the different zones detected by clustering. These results show that observations made in the Northeast Atlantic cannot be extrapolated to the whole North Atlantic basin, and suggest that identification of the size and location of an ''homogeneous zone for long-term changes'' should be taken into account when determining factors responsible for year-to-year fluctuations in abundance of C. finmarchicus.://A1997WW504000151Times Cited: 5 English Article WW504 OCEANOL ACTA Oceanol. ActaISI:A1997WW50400015>?0Planque, B. Hays, G. C. Ibanez, F. Gamble, J. C.1997PLarge scale spatial variations in the seasonal abundance of Calanus finmarchicus315-3266Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers442continuous plankton records; north-atlantic ocean; ecological investigations; zooplankton community; copepods; sea; balsfjorden; variability; succession; patternsFebData collected by the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey between 1962, and 1974 in the North Atlantic and adjacent seas were used to examine large scale spatial variations in the seasonal cycle of near-surface abundance of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Through most of this region, the dominant seasonal pattern was minimum abundance between November and February followed by an increase to maximum abundance in May. Two large (> 600 000 km(2)) areas had seasonal cycles that differed markedly from this dominant pattern. South of Newfoundland, maximum abundance occurred between February and May, while south of Greenland, maximum abundance occurred between April and October. This delayed seasonal cycle south of Greenland has not been identified previously, and it is speculated that regional changes in seasonal patterns may result from regional temperature and/or timing of food availability differences. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.://A1997WQ10500007CTimes Cited: 18 English Article WQ105 DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:A1997WQ10500007)>? Hays, G. C.1996ELarge-scale patterns of diel vertical migration in the north Atlantic 1601-16156Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers4310continuous plankton recorder; filtration efficiency; adaptive significance; nitrogen flux; upper ocean; copepod; zooplankton; variability; avoidance; speedOct%Samples historically collected and analysed by the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey in the North Atlantic were used to examine large-scale spatial patterns in both the normal diel vertical migration (normal DVM) behaviour and the mean body size within epi-pelagic copepod communities. Normal DVM was most marked in the northwest Atlantic and less marked in the northeast Atlantic and in shallow coastal areas such as around the U.K. and on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. These patterns of normal DVM were strongly correlated with patterns of mean body size, with normal DVM being more marked in those areas where larger species predominated. In both the northwest and northeast Atlantic, marked seasonal changes occurred in the migrating biomass. In the northwest Atlantic, Euchaeta norvegica and Calanus finmarchicus were the most important contributors to the total migrating biomass, while in the northeast Atlantic the most important contributors were E. norvegica, Metridia lucens and Pleuromamma robusta. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd://A1996WD66700003BTimes Cited: 6 English Article WD667 DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:A1996WD66700003>? Taylor, A. H.1996ZNorth-south shifts of the Gulf Stream: Ocean-atmosphere interactions in the North Atlantic559-583$International Journal of Climatology165Gulf Stream; North Atlantic; sea-level pressure changes; depression tracks; zooplankton variations; interannual variations; ocean-atmosphere interactions general-circulation; surface-temperature; model; winterMayYear-to-year changes in the latitude of the north wall of the Gulf Stream are very similar to those seen in the abundances of zooplankton observed by the Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey around the British Isles and also to those in the abundance of zooplankton in Lake Windermere. These connections must reflect changing weather patterns across the North Atlantic. The index of Gulf Stream position was constructed from the north wall data by principal components analysis. The first principal component, the index used, has eigenvector coefficients that all have the same sign, and is a measure of the latitude of the whole of the north wall. However, the component may represent the occurrences of meanders that are extensive in space and time rather than displacements of the Gulf Stream as a whole. This principal component has been used to calculate weighted averages of monthly mean sea-level pressure and of monthly mean numbers of cyclone tracks in order to show the changes in weather patterns associated with displacements of the north wall. Northward displacements of the north wall were accompanied by significantly reduced cyclone numbers in the northernmost regions of the Atlantic (annually and in the autumn) and in spring, summer, and autumn, a region of reduced atmospheric pressure in the central Atlantic area 40 degrees-60 degrees N, 30 degrees-50 degrees W (locally significant). There was some tendency (not significant) for storm tracks to be deflected around the south side of this region. The pattern in winter is less clear and shows no statistical significance. Changes in the vicinity of the British Isles were generally too small to be statistically significant but were generally consistent with a lower frequency of storms in spring and autumn. As the biological changes appear to be caused by variations in the onset of thermal stratification during the spring they may be the result of relatively small changes in the atmospheric forcing. The atmospheric changes show no indications of the sources of the Gulf Stream displacements, the anomaly winds opposing the displacements. This may be because meanders of the Gulf Stream are not simply related to any single atmospheric variable. The clearest and most statistically significant meteorological signals were all well downstream from the north wall. Although the displacements of the north wall are caused by changing weather patterns over the North Atlantic, the Gulf Stream is also a region of strong heat transfers from the ocean to the atmosphere. Sawyer's criterion indicates that distortions of this heat source could cause noticeable disturbances to the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic. A numerical model based on the analytical model of Smagorinsky is used to investigate the perturbations of the zonal circulation that might be caused by displacements of this local heat source. The predictions are in agreement with the changes seen in the central Atlantic during summer, spring, and autumn (but not those during winter). In the region where the model predicts atmospheric pressure reductions should occur, there are no positive correlation coefficients between the position of the north wall and the surface atmospheric pressure but a significant excess of negative correlation coefficients compared with chance, and northward shifts of the Gulf Stream were accompanied by significant reductions in atmospheric pressure. It is therefore possible that displacements of the north wall could influence weather patterns further east. The model predicts that any changes over the European continental shelf will be weak. An accurate description of the dynamics of the Gulf Stream may be an important requirement of coupled ocean-atmosphere models.://A1996UR647000054Times Cited: 10 English Article UR647 INT J CLIMATOLInt. J. Climatol.ISI:A1996UR64700005>?Aksnes, D. L. Blindheim, J.1996mCirculation patterns in the North Atlantic and possible impact on population dynamics of Calanus finmarchicus7-28Ophelia441-3|diel vertical migration; western norway; winter distribution; zooplankton; masfjorden; lindaspollene; micronekton; fish; seaApr Due to advective impact few consistent time-series describing the population development of the copepod C. finmarchicus exist. Quantitatively, the spring generation seems to be the most important, and especially in the northern areas one generation per year seems to prevail. A fecundity of 10(2)- 10(3) eggs female(-1) and a sex ratio 1:1 then give a maximal reproductive rate of 3.9-6.2 year(-1). This low rate seems to be compensated by low mortality due to effective predator avoidance in terms of diurnal and seasonal vertical migrations. We have calculated that the advective renewal of the habitats of C. finmarchicus in the subpolar gyre and in the Nordic Seas are 0.13 and 0.29 year(-1) respectively while the birth and death rates of C.finmarchicus typically are above 3.9 year(-1). This means that the biological rates are likely to dominate over the advective rates in the two ocean areas, and that the C.finmarchicus development is facilitated by Ic cal production in both areas. Rough calculations for the Nordic Seas indicate that our of a total annual production of 74 mill. tonnes, 3.6 mill. tonnes are lost to adjacent seas by advection. Due to the flow of deep and cold waters southward and the seasonal migration of C. finmarchicus it is likely that the loss of individuals from the Nordic Seas southward to the North Atlantic is dominated by copepodite V, and that a higher proportion of younger life stages are carried in the south- north (Barents Sea) and west-east (Norwegian coast and the North Sea) directions with the warmer, Atlantic Water.://A1996UP52100002-Times Cited: 25 English Article UP521 OPHELIAOpheliaISI:A1996UP52100002>?Schulz, K. Beckmann, W.1995NNew benthopelagic tharybids (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the deep North Atlantic199-211Sarsia803zooplankton; community; seaA new genus is proposed to accommodate Rythabis atlantica gen. et sp. n., collected by means of a MOCNESS opening-closing net from 2840 m depth ca 20 m above the seabed in the North Atlantic south of Iceland. The new genus is placed in the family Tharybidae and appears to be closely related to Tharybis, but differs in several characters of prosome, urosome and appendages. In addition, two members of the genus Tharybis, T. angularis sp. n. and T. crenata sp. n., are described and illustrated from the same plankton haul on the basis of adult females. Xanthocalamus groenlandicus TUPITZKY, 1982 is transferred to Tharybis; this brings the number of species attributable to the genus to 13.://A1995TT71000005+Times Cited: 5 English Article TT710 SARSIASarsiaISI:A1995TT71000005 >? ]Swift, E. Sullivan, J. M. Batchelder, H. P. Vankeuren, J. Vaillancourt, R. D. Bidigare, R. R.1995Bioluminescent Organisms and Bioluminescence Measurements in the North-Atlantic Ocean near Latitude 59.5-Degrees-N, Longitude 21-Degrees-W 6527-6547&Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans100C4Pcontinuous plankton records; sargasso sea; zooplankton; abundance; waters; fjordApr 15We investigated mixed-layer bioluminescence from early April to late September (in April 1989, May 1991, July 1983 and 1990, August 1991, September 1988 and 1989) at stations near the Marine-Light - Mixed Layers (MLML) bio-optical moorings site. Volume-specific bioluminescence potential (BPOT, photons per unit volume) from epipelagic organisms was estimated directly with a pump-through bioluminescence photometer (BP) in 1983, 1988, and 1991. For all cruises, BPOT was also estimated by summing for a volume of seawater, the measurements of each species' total stimulable bioluminescence multiplied by each species'numerical abundance in the volume. The abundance data were taken from bottle casts, net tows, and BP effluent nets. After the onset of the spring bloom, from May through September, mixed layer BPOT was fairly constant, (similar to) 1-4 X 10(14) photons m(-3). On one early April cruise (1989) before the spring bloom, BPOT was two orders of magnitude lower. Heterotrophic dinoflagellates in the genus Protoperidinium generally produced most (90% or more) of the mixed Layer BPOT in the spring, summer, and fall. On one cruise in September (1988), the autotrophic dinoflagellate Ceratium fusus produced the bulk of the mixed layer BPOT (more than about 4 X 10(14) photons m(-3)). Other autotrophic dinoflagellates in the genus Gonyaulax and mesozooplankton produced a minor part of BPOT at most stations. The relative contribution of all autotrophic dinoflagellates to BPOT increased from a few percent during the May-June-July period to (similar to) 10% during the August-September period. In situ mechanically stimulable bioluminescence was reduced when underwater scalar irradiance (wavelengths 400-700 nm) was greater than 0.1 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1).://A1995QT222000029Times Cited: 8 English Article QT222 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANSJ. Geophys. Res.-OceansISI:A1995QT22200002 G>?!=Batchelder, H. P. Vankeuren, J. R. Vaillancourt, R. Swift, E.1995Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Acoustically Estimated Zooplankton Biomass near the Marine Light-Mixed Layers Station (59-Degrees-30'n, 21-Degrees-00'w) in the North-Atlantic in May-1991 6549-6563&Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans100C4idoppler current profiler; phaeocystis-pouchetii; plankton; predation; abundance; migration; design; modelApr 15Temporal and spatial acoustic backscatter estimates of zooplankton biomass were made using an unmodified hull-mounted 153-kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) during the May 1998 Marine Light-Mixed Layers (MLML) cruises to the North Atlantic. Relative backscattcr from the ADCP was converted to zooplankton biomass estimates using individual plankton taxa abundances amid weights from zooplankton samples collected during the cruises. There was a small but consistent diet pattern in the 20 to 250-m depth-integrated backscatter, with highest values during darkness. Removal of the diet signal with harmonic analysis revealed slightly higher zooplankton biomass to the southwest and west of the mooring than to the northeast, in common with gradients in surface temperature and chlorophyll during the mapping cruise. Overall however, depth-integrated zooplankton biomass during the mapping cruise varied by only a factor of 2, comparable to what one observes in replicate plankton rows. The nightly 0 to 2.50-m obliquely collected zooplankton samples (May 16-24) indicated increasing densities (amid biomasses) of probable zooplankton scatterers (especially the copepod Calanus finmarchicus) during middle to late May, soon after the peak in the spring phytoplankton bloom. This increase in May was mirrored by a comparable increase in depth- integrated acoustic backscatter. The distribution of zooplankton charged following two 50+ kn (1 kn = 1.85 km h(-1)) wind storms on May 19 amid May 21; zooplankton biomass was higher and extended much deeper in the water column at night following these strong mixing episodes. Before the storm events, the patterns of zooplankton diel vertical redistribution were consistent from day to day. Diel patterns of zooplankton variability measured using shipboard acoustics are qualitatively similar to patterns observed from an ADCP on the MLML mooring, presenting the possibility of calculating a nearly continuous seasonal measure of zooplankton biomass from the mooring ADCP data.://A1995QT22200003:Times Cited: 12 English Article QT222 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANSJ. Geophys. Res.-OceansISI:A1995QT22200003>?"Daly, K. L. Smith, W. O.1993GPhysical-Biological Interactions Influencing Marine Plankton Production555-585(Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics24phytoplankton; zooplankton; turbulent motion; nutrient uptake; grazing marginal ice-zone; subarctic pacific-ocean; small-scale turbulence; euphausia-superba; southern-ocean; el-nino; phytoplankton growth; vertical migration; feeding currents; british-columbiaBThe interaction of physical and biological processes is extremely important in structuring the biological communities in all marine environments, yet the complexity of this interaction at all scales is just beginning to be appreciated. We review the patterns of plankton biomass and the processes that influence plankton production, and in particular emphasize the importance of different processes at different time and space scales (small-scale, mesoscale, and large-scale). Examples of two different systems (the Southern Ocean and the subarctic North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans) are given to illustrate the complexity and strength of the interactions. We conclude that biological processes may be more important at smaller scales where behavior such as vertical migration and predation may control the plankton production, whereas physical processes may be more important at larger scales in structuring biological communities. An understanding of both, however, is critical to an understanding of the distribution of plankton and the processes governing production in the ocean.://A1993MJ371000207Times Cited: 12 English Review MJ371 ANNU REV ECOL SYSTAnnu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.ISI:A1993MJ37100020>?#;Verity, P. G. Stoecker, D. K. Sieracki, M. E. Nelson, J. R.1993{Grazing, Growth and Mortality of Microzooplankton During the 1989 North-Atlantic Spring Bloom at 47-Degrees-N, 18-Degrees-W 1793-18146Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers409microflagellate food-chain; marine-phytoplankton; photosynthetic pigments; algal carotenoids; micro-zooplankton; narragansett bay; coastal waters; carbon; dynamics; oceanSepYGrazing and growth rates of nano- and microzooplankton were measured as part of the 1989 North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, an interdisciplinary research program of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). Samples for shipboard experimental incubations were collected from the mixed layer of a drogued water mass (46-degrees-20'N, 17-degrees-50'W) over a 2 week period in May. Grazing and growth rates, measured using the size fractionation and dilution techniques, were calculated from changes in chlorophylls, accessory pigments, and cell abundances. The phytoplankton community was dominated by phytoflagellates, primarily prymnesiophytes, which passed 10 mum mesh. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) increased at an average rate of 0.9 doublings day-1 when incubated at 60% I0. Grazing by nano- and microzooplankton removed 37-100% of estimated primary production in samples from 10 m, and 100% of that at 30 m. An attempt was made to budget estimated rates of community grazing to major groups of nano- and microzooplankton, using measured biomass and specific ingestion or growth rates from laboratory studies. Aplastidic microflagellates were apparently the most important herbivores. In addition to ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates, various developmental stages of copepods were abundant in the <200 mum fraction. Predation within the microzooplankton community appeared to be substantial. Given the evidence of tight coupling between production and consumption within the upper water column, little material appeared to be available for direct export from the mixed layer to depth during this phase of the spring bloom.://A1993MC16500006CTimes Cited: 53 English Article MC165 DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:A1993MC16500006 3>?$+Dam, H. G. Miller, C. A. Jonasdottir, S. H.1993mThe Trophic Role of Mesozooplankton at 47-Degrees-N, 20- Degrees-W During the North-Atlantic Bloom Experiment197-2129Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography401-2continuous plankton records; vertical nitrogen flux; calanus- finmarchicus; fecal pellets; feeding rates; temora-longicornis; marine zooplankton; gut fluorescence; norwegian sea; spring bloomThe biomass and grazing rates of three size classes of mesozooplankton-0.2-0.5 mm (small), 0.5-1.0 mm (medium) and 1.0-2.0 mm (large)-were quantified in the vicinity of 47- degrees-N, 20-degrees-W, from 25 April to 7 May (leg 4) and from 18 to 31 May 1989 (leg 5) as part of the North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (NABE) of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). Biomass was inversely related to body size, with the small size fraction accounting for > 50% of the entire mesozooplankton biomass. Diel differences in biomass, however, were directly related to body size, indicating that vertical migration became more pronounced as the size of the animals increased. Total zooplankton biomass increased by almost a factor of 3 from the beginning to the end of the study. The average carbon-weight of individuals increased six-fold from leg 4 to leg 5 of the study. Carbon-specific rates of phytoplankton ingestion were (1) inversely related to body size; (2) greater at night for all size fractions; and (3) generally greater on leg 4 than on leg 5, particularly for the small size fraction. Grazing was dominated by the small size fraction (66% of the total grazing) on leg 4 and by the medium size fraction (44% of the total grazing) on leg 5. The removal of the daily primary production by mesozooplankton was not different from leg 4 to leg 5, averaging 2.7% day-1 (range 0.6- 5.2% day-1). Comparisons of (1) estimated metabolic rates and (2) measured nitrogen excretion rates with daily rations of carbon and nitrogen, respectively, for zooplankton suggest that a phytoplankton diet only contributed about 50% of the daily carbon and nitrogen rations of animals. We hypothesize that mesozooplankton fecal pellets contributed < 5% of the POC flux out of the euphotic zone measured with particle traps. However, we estimate that during leg 5, the active flux of dissolved nitrogen out of the euphotic zone due to mesozooplankton diel vertical migration was 26% of the passive PON flux.://A1993KJ95100012CTimes Cited: 71 English Article KJ951 DEEP-SEA RES PT II-TOP ST OCE*Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.ISI:A1993KJ95100012>?%Lenz, J. Morales, A. Gunkel, J.1993Mesozooplankton Standing Stock During the North-Atlantic Spring Bloom Study in 1989 and Its Potential Grazing Pressure on Phytoplankton - a Comparison between Low, Medium and High- Latitudes559-5729Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography401-2mmesopelagic community; diel migrations; calanus-pacificus; distributions; zooplankton; size; copepods; weight0Within the framework of the JGOFS Pilot Study in 1989 mesozooplankton (0.2-20 mm) was sampled by means of a Hydro- Bios multinet in five depth strata (0-25, 25-50, 50-100, 100- 200, 200-500 m) during four Lagrangian drift experiments of 8- 14 days' duration at 18, 33, 46 and 58-degrees-N, to follow the seasonal progress of the phytoplankton spring bloom development in the northeast Atlantic. Mesozooplankton standing stock, measured as dry weight and ash-free dry weight, increased by a factor of about 6 from 18 to 58-degrees-N. Day/night differences amounted to 10-20% of the average and were-with one exception at 18-degrees-N-not statistically significant. Using the data on weight-specific respiration rates measured by colleagues on the same cruise, the ingestion rates and potential community grazing of mesozooplankton on phytoplankton within the upper 100 m of the water column were calculated. During all four drift experiments, quasi-steady-state conditions were observed in phyto- and zooplankton standing stock, primary production and daily sedimentation at 100 m depth. The maximum potential grazing rate by mesozooplankton accounted for about half of the daily primary production. Since sedimentation of fresh phytoplankton was negligible, it is concluded that the grazing pressure exercised by mesozooplankton together with micro- and nanozooplankton was responsible for keeping the phytoplankton standing stock at a more or less constant level during the investigated spring bloom in the four areas. Particle flux was thus dominated by zooplankton faecal material.://A1993KJ95100031CTimes Cited: 25 English Article KJ951 DEEP-SEA RES PT II-TOP ST OCE*Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.ISI:A1993KJ95100031 >?&Buhring, S. I. Christiansen, B.2001OLipids in selected abyssal benthopelagic animals: links to the epipelagic zone?369-382Progress in Oceanography501-4particulate organic-matter; fatty-acids; wax esters; deep-sea; north pacific; thysanoessa-macrura; antarctic copepods; zooplankton; atlantic; phospholipidsA detailed study of the lipids of selected zooplankton species and scavenging amphipods in the near-bottom water layer (15-100 m above bottom, mab) was carried out at the BENGAL site in late summer 1998. Copepoda were the main contributors to the zooplankton, comprising 75% of the total abundance, followed by Ostracoda and Chaetognatha. Calanoid copepods of the family Metridinidae were predominant and accounted for more than 50% of all copepods. Two types of storage lipids were distinguished: triacylglycerols and wax esters. Ostracoda and the polychaete Vanadis sp. stored exclusively triacylglycerols whilst the bulk of the Copepoda accumulated wax esters, with the exception of the family Aetideidae. In the amphipods both lipid classes were found: Eurythenes gryllus stored wax esters and Paralicella spp. and Orchomene sp. triacylglycerols. The fatty acid composition was characterized by a high level of monounsaturated 18:1 (n-9), which is described as characteristic for animals living in the deeper layers of the water column, and to a lesser degree by 16:1 (n-7) and 20:5 (n- 3), which are typical components of diatom lipids, and 22:6 (n- 3), typical of dinoflagellates. The ratio of 18:1 (n-9):18:1 (n-7) fatty acids was between 5 and 10 in the copepods and indicates a carnivorous/omnivorous feeding behaviour in this group, whereas the higher ratios of 8-18 in the amphipods confirm their necrophagy. The fatty alcohols of the animals storing wax esters were dominated by the monounsaturated isomers 18:1 (n-9) and 18:1 (n-7). The predominance of wax esters as storage lipids in the deep-sea copepods indicates a strong seasonality in the availability of food. This is supported by the high levels of 16:1 (n-7), 20:5 (n-3) and 22:6 (n-3) fatty acids, which point to there being a direct link between the surface primary production and deep-sea copepods, probably via the rapid deposition of phytodetritus. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://0001719497000184Times Cited: 1 English Review SI 488RP PROG OCEANOGRProg. Oceanogr.ISI:000171949700018Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fischereiwissensch, Zeisweg 9, D-22765 Hamburg, Germany Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fischereiwissensch, D-22765 Hamburg, Germany Christiansen B Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fischereiwissensch, Zeisweg 9, D-22765 Hamburg, Germany K>?()Christiansen, B. Beckmann, W. Weikert, H.2001The structure and carbon demand of the bathyal benthic boundary layer community: a comparison of two oceanic locations in the NE-Atlantic 2409-24249Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography4810central north pacific; santa-catalina basin; deep-sea; vertical-distribution; eurythenes-gryllus; necrophagous amphipod; oxygen-consumption; zooplankton; biomass; foodEstimates of standing stocks were used together with metabolic rates from literature to compare the structure and the respiratory carbon demand of the benthopelagic fauna and epibenthic megafauna at two oceanic locations in the northeast Atlantic. The total standing stock of the benthopelagic fauna and epibentic megafauna (in the following referred to as benthopelagos sensu latu) in the Iceland Basin (59 degreesN/20 degreesW) was 5 times higher than at the BIOTRANS site (West European Basin, 47 degreesN/20 degreesW). While fish were the predominating group at the northern location, followed by epibenthic megafauna, most of the biomass at the southern station could be attributed to epibenthic megafauna whereas fish were even surpassed by zooplankton. The overall respiratory carbon demand of the benthopelagos s.l. in the Iceland Basin was about 50% higher than at the BIOTRANS site. In both areas, a large fraction of the carbon was respired by the megafauna, accounting for 46 % of the total respiratory carbon demand in the Iceland Basin and 86% at the BIOTRANS site. Important consumers in the Iceland Basin were also zooplankton (27%) and fish (26%), whereas at the BIOTRANS site only zooplankton had a significant share (12%) besides megafauna. Compared to the carbon fluxes into the BBL, the faunal groups (without bacteria) remineralize ca. 10-20% of the sedimenting POC. If near-bottom pelagic bacteria are included, the fraction of the POC import flux remineralized by the benthopelagic community amounts to at least 20-50%. That means, the carbon flux as measured in sediment traps is not sufficient to fuel both the benthopelagic community including the megafauna plus the sediment community. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000169098200012BTimes Cited: 2 English Article 439EQ DEEP-SEA RES PT II-TOP ST OCE*Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.ISI:000169098200012Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fischereiwissensch, D-22765 Hamburg, Germany Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fischereiwissensch, D-22765 Hamburg, Germany Christiansen B Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fischereiwissensch, D-22765 Hamburg, Germany p>?)Johnsen, S. Widder, E. A.2001rUltraviolet absorption in transparent zooplankton and its implications for depth distribution and visual predation717-730Marine Biology1384wave absorbing pigments; uv-b radiation; deep-sea; underwater observations; gelatinous zooplankton; marine-phytoplankton; selective predation; vertical migration; ozone depletion; mantis shrimpAprOThe use of transparency as camouflage in the epipelagic realm is complicated by the presence of ultraviolet radiation, because the presence of UV-protective pigments decreases UV transparency and may reveal transparent zooplankton to predators and prey with UV vision. During July 1999, September 1999, and June 2000, transparency measurements (from 280 to 500 nm) were made on living specimens of 15 epipelagic (collection depth: 0-20 m, average: 11 +/- 1 m) and 19 mesopelagic (collection depth: 150-790 m, average: 370 +/- 40 m) species of transparent zooplankton from Oceanographer Canyon and Wilkinson Basin in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. In addition, measurements of downwelling irradiance (from 330 to 500 nm) versus depth were made. The tissues from epipelagic zooplankton had lower UV transparency than those from mesopelagic zooplankton, while the average visible transparency (at 480 nm) of the two groups was not significantly different. Percent transparency was positively correlated with wavelength over most of the measured range, with a rapid decrease below a certain cutoff wavelength. In mesopelagic tissues, the cutoff wavelength was generally 300 nm. In epipelagic tissues, the cutoff wavelength was between 300 and 400 nm. Twelve out of 19 epipelagic tissues had transparencies at 320 nm that were half or less than their 480 nm transparency values, versus only 4 out of 21 mesopelagic tissues. The effects of UV absorption on UV visibility and minimum attainable depth were modeled using contrast theory and the physics of light attenuation. Because UV absorption was generally significantly greater in the UVB than in the UVA spectrum (where UV vision occurs), and because the highest UV absorption was often found in less transparent individuals, its modeled effects on visibility were slight compared to its effects on minimum attainable depth.://000168519900008-Times Cited: 2 English Article 429MA MAR BIOL Mar. Biol.ISI:000168519900008Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, MS 33, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Marine Sci Div, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA Johnsen S Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, MS 33, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA >?+bPond, D. W. Gebruk, A. Southward, E. C. Southward, A. J. Fallick, A. E. Bell, M. V. Sargent, J. R.2000Unusual fatty acid composition of storage lipids in the bresilioid shrimp Rimicaris exoculata couples the photic zone with MAR hydrothermal vent sites171-179Marine Ecology-Progress Series198hydrothermal vent shrimp; nutrition; lipid metabolism; wax ester; PUFA mid-atlantic ridge; stable-carbon; isotope composition; decapoda; zooplankton; copepods; animals; ecologyLipid and stable carbon isotope analyses of Rimicaris exoculata, the dominant bresilioid shrimp found at the MAR (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) vent sites, have indicated that these animals possess a highly unusual storage lipid composition. The dominant neutral Lipid classes, triacylglycerols and wax esters, contained very high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, up to 89% of neutral lipid fatty acids). Gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) analysis of the PUFA from neutral lipid gave delta(13)C (v-PDB) values of -17.6 to -27.1 parts per thousand, which is within the range expected for a photosynthetic origin for these compounds. Fatty acid analyses of bacterial/detrital material collected from the vent sites contained only very low amounts of PUFA. It is clear from these findings that R. exoculata has evolved a highly specialized lipid metabolism which allows it to store substantial amounts of PUFA during its early planktotrophic life stages. These PUFA reserves will be subsequently mobilized to enable growth and maturation of the shrimp on return to a suitable vent site and are therefore an important factor allowing R. exoculata to inhabit deep sea vent ecosystems.://0000881001000167Times Cited: 4 English Article 332XR MAR ECOL-PROGR SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.ISI:000088100100016Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Empress Dock, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England Marine Biol Assoc, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England Russian Acad Sci, Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow 117851, Russia Scottish Univ Res & Reactor Ctr, Glasgow G75 OQF, Lanark, Scotland Univ Stirling, Inst Aquaculture, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland Pond DW Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Empress Dock, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England>?,;Bianchi, A. Garcin, J. Gorsky, G. Poulicek, M. Tholosan, O.1999Stimulation of the potential heterotrophic activity in deep seawater by barotolerant bacteria colonizing faecal pellets produced by migrating zooplankton 1113-1120TComptes Rendus De L Academie Des Sciences Serie Iii-Sciences De La Vie-Life Sciences32212bacteria; metabolic activity; barophile; hydrostatic pressure; faecal pellets; deep-sea; Mediterranean northwestern mediterranean-sea; particle-bound bacteria; vertical distributions; diel migrations; atlantic-ocean; pressure; micronekton; water; glucose; samplesDecTAt a depth of 1 150 m in the northwest Mediterranean, amino acid uptake and bacterial biomass production rates increased, in a 12-day lime interval, 5- and 30-fold, respectively. Simultaneously, bacterial response to pressure changes evolved from barophilic to barotolerant. During the same period, scanning electron microscope observations and in situ observations using Underwater Video Profiler showed a 2-fold increase in particle concentrations, mainly due to faecal pellet production by zooplankton. This input, nutrient rich and largely colonized with bacteria unaffected by pressure variations since they originated from organisms that regularly migrate up and down through the water column, could produce such microbial activity peaking in the deep water masses. (C) 1999 Academie des sciences/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.://000085009000011<Times Cited: 0 French Article 278VE C R ACAD SCI SER III-VIE5Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Ser. III-Sci. Vie-Life Sci.ISI:000085009000011Univ Mediterranee, Fac Sci Luminy, CNRS, Insu,EP 2032, Case 907, F-13288 Marseille 9, France Univ Mediterranee, Fac Sci Luminy, CNRS, Insu,EP 2032, F-13288 Marseille 9, France Observ Oceanol, LOBEPM, ESA 7076, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France Univ Liege, Inst Zool 1, Lab Ecol Anim & Ecotoxicol, B-4020 Liege, Belgium Bianchi A Univ Mediterranee, Fac Sci Luminy, CNRS, Insu,EP 2032, Case 907, F-13288 Marseille 9, France>?-5Christiansen, B. Druke, B. Koppelmann, R. Weikert, H.1999tThe near-bottom zooplankton at the abyssal BIOTRANS site, northeast Atlantic: composition, abundance and variability 1847-1863Journal of Plankton Research2110benthic boundary-layer; central red-sea; cold-core eddy; deep- sea; benthopelagic plankton; vertical-distribution; epibenthic sledge; open ocean; mid-water; communityOctSThe near-bottom zooplankton of the abyssal BIOTRANS site (water depth 4500 m) was studied at two stations 11 nautical miles (nm) apart. Stratified sampling was conducted by means of a double MOCNESS at three depth layers 20, 50 and 100 m above bottom. The composition of the zooplankton showed a predominance of copepods, making up >50% of the total zooplankton abundance. Ostracods and chaetognaths were the most important non-copepods, displaying a slight increase towards the bottom. The variability of abundance and biomass was analysed statistically at different scales. Logarithmic coefficients of variation ranged from 29 to 187% for various taxa. Sampling at the two stations added significantly to the total variance for some taxa. By contrast, vertical gradients were mostly weak. Possible reasons for the observed variability are discussed.://0000832347000033Times Cited: 3 English Article 247RX J PLANKTON RESJ. Plankton Res.ISI:000083234700003 Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fischereiwissensch, Zeiseweg 9, D-22765 Hamburg, Germany Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fischereiwissensch, D-22765 Hamburg, Germany Christiansen B Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fischereiwissensch, Zeiseweg 9, D-22765 Hamburg, Germany>?0Johnsen, S. Widder, E. A.1998gTransparency and visibility of gelatinous zooplankton from the Northwestern Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico337-348Biological Bulletin1953Hdeep-sea; underwater observations; selective predation; behavior; lensesDecnTransparency measurements (at 400 to 700 nm) were made on living specimens of 29 common species of gelatinous zooplankton from the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Percent transparency ranged from 91% for the hydromedusa Sibogota typa to 0.51% for the pteropod Clione limacina. Percent transparency was linearly and positively correlated with wavelength, with slopes of the regression lines (normalized to the percent transparency at 480 nm) ranging from 0.027%/nm for Sibogota typa to 0.51%/nm for the ctenophore Mnemiopsis macrydi (average 0.17 +/- 0.019%/nm). There was no significant correlation between the percent transparency of an animal and its daytime depth distribution. The relationship between percent transparency and sighting distance when viewed from below was modeled and showed that, due to the increase of the minimum contrast threshold for object detection at lower light levels, the usefulness of transparency as camouflage increases dramatically with depth. A preliminary account of these results was presented by the authors at the fourteenth meeting of the Ocean Optics Society in November 1998.://000078142700011/Times Cited: 10 English Article 158XL BIOL BULL Biol. Bull.ISI:000078142700011Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Marine Sci Div, 5600 US 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Marine Sci Div, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA Johnsen S Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Marine Sci Div, 5600 US 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA >?2Shanks, A. L. Walters, K.1997EHoloplankton, meroplankton, and meiofauna associated with marine snow75-86Marine Ecology-Progress Series156marine snow; aggregates; nauplii; meroplankton; veligers; holoplankton; copepod; nematode; meiofauna abandoned larvacean houses; deep-sea; vertical flux; populations; dynamics; atlantic; california; detritus; patches; sinkingThe associations of holoplankton, meroplankton and meiofauna with marine snow, as well as their behavior upon encountering marine snow, were investigated using SCUBA in the field and a vertical flume in the laboratory. Field samples were collected in the Atlantic Ocean off Charleston, South Carolina, USA. (3 dates) and in the Pacific Ocean at 2 locations in the San Juan Islands, Washington, USA (7 dates). Aggregates were present and abundant on all days (range 1 to 63 aggregates l(-1)) but constituted a small percentage of the water column by volume (avg 0.078 %). Holoplanktonic adult calanoid and cyclopoid copepods, larvaceans, and copepod nauplii were found on aggregates. On average <1% of the calanoid and cyclopoid copepods sampled were on aggregates, indicating a weak association with marine snow. In contrast, on average 2.6 % of the larvaceans and 4.8 % of the copepod nauplii sampled resided on aggregates, where they were, respectively, 33 to 62 times more concentrated on marine snow compared to the surrounding water. Percentages of harpacticoid copepods, nematodes, and foraminiferans on aggregates were 12.4, 69.9 and 47.2%, respectively, and all were significantly concentrated on aggregates. Cyprids, bryozoan cyphonautes, and larval echinoderms were either weakly associated with or not found on aggregates. In contrast, bivalve and gastropod veligers and larval anthozoans were significantly concentrated on marine snow, with 5.8, 9.4, and 13.5%, respectively, found on aggregates. Observations in a vertical flume indicated that upon contacting marine snow calanoid and cyclopoid copepods swam away, copepod nauplii swam inside aggregates for several minutes before swimming off, and nematodes were observed to remain in aggregates throughout the observation period adding material from the surrounding water to the 'home' aggregate. These observations suggest that plankters and meiofauna in the water column may spend several hours d(-1) visiting or residing on aggregates, and may visit from 10s to 100s of aggregates d(- 1). The concentration and behavior of organisms on aggregates suggests that marine snow is an important component of the pelagic environment for a variety of both holoplanktonic and meroplanktonic zooplankton.://A1997XZ981000088Times Cited: 10 English Article XZ981 MAR ECOL-PROGR SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.ISI:A1997XZ98100008UNIV OREGON,OREGON INST MARINE BIOL,POB 5389,CHARLESTON,OR 97420 MIDDLE TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MURFREESBORO,TN 37132 Shanks AL UNIV OREGON,OREGON INST MARINE BIOL,POB 5389,CHARLESTON,OR 97420>?3'Matsumoto, G. I. Baxter, C. Chen, E. H.1997AObservations of the deep-sea trachymedusa Benthocodon pedunculata17-25Invertebrate Biology1161Cnidaria; Hydrozoa; Monterey Bay; benthic boundary layer; feeding; morphology benthic boundary-layer; narcomedusae cnidaria; insitu observations; feeding-behavior; zooplankton; hydrozoa; medusae; submersibles; midwater; atlanticRecent observations, from a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) working in the Monterey Submarine Canyon in the northeast Pacific and from the Johnson Sea Link II in the northwest Atlantic, revealed the presence of the trachymedusa Benthocodon pedunculata near the bottom in both oceans. Although feeding was not observed in the field or in the lab, gut contents indicate a preponderance of benthopelagic crustaceans although a wide variety of zooplankton have been found. Two morphologically different tentacle types both possess cnidae with a 3:1 ratio of euryteles to stenoteles. Unencysted metacercariae of a trematode parasite were found in the manubrium of more than half the medusae examined.://A1997WG296000036Times Cited: 3 English Article WG296 INVERTEBR BIOLOGYInvertebr. Biol.ISI:A1997WG29600003MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM RES INST,BOX 628,MOSS LANDING,CA 95039 STANFORD UNIV,HOPKINS MARINE STN,PACIFIC GROVE,CA 93950 SUNY STONY BROOK,SCH MED,STONY BROOK,NY 11794 Matsumoto GI MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM RES INST,BOX 628,MOSS LANDING,CA 95039 #>?4#Llewellyn, C. A. Mantoura, R. F. C.1996|Pigment biomarkers and particulate carbon in the upper water column compared to the ocean interior of the northeast Atlantic 1165-11846Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers438jspring bloom; deep-sea; phytoplankton; 47-degrees-n; 20- degrees-w; chlorophylls; succession; matter; hplcAugi In situ pumps (SAPs) were used to collect particulates from the upper and interior of the ocean at 47, 52, 56 and 60 degrees N along the 20 degrees W meridian in the northeast Atlantic during 1989. The particulates were analysed for carbon, chlorophylls, chlorophyll degradation products and carotenoids covering a four order of magnitude change in concentration. There was a logarithmic decline in pigment and carbon concentrations from the surface to 1000 m, below which concentrations remained constant. The gradient of the decline for chlorophyll a (chl a) appeared to be directly related to the flux of organic matter from the upper ocean. 19'- Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (prymnesiophtyes) and fucoxanthin (diatoms) persisted throughout the water column revealing the importance of prymnesiophytes as well as diatoms in the transfer of biogenic material into the ocean interior. At 60 degrees N there was a two order of magnitude decrease in chl a concentrations in the ocean interior compared to the surface (1 mu g chl a 1(-1)). At 47 degrees, surface chl a concentrations were similar to those 60 degrees N, but in the ocean interior there was a three order of magnitude decrease. Chlorophyll a concentrations throughout the water column and differences in the type of assessory pigment present at the four latitudes were consistent with the timing of the spring bloom at each latitude. At 60 degrees N, we sampled at the end of the spring bloom, and fucoxanthin dominated. At 47 degrees N, the spring bloom was over, and 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin dominated. Pheophorbide a and pyropheophorbide a were the dominant chlorophyll degradation products, with highest concentrations in the north. Pyropheophorbide a became increasingly important with depth and towards the south. At least 50% of the organic carbon in the upper ocean could not be accounted for in terms of phytoplankton, zooplankton or bacteria, and we speculate that some of the unidentified carbon is related to microzooplankton faecal material. Carbon vertical profiles did not show the large latitudinal variation of the pigments, resulting in carbon/chl a ratios in the ocean interior at 47 degrees N (1855) being 6-fold greater than those at 60 degrees N. The ratios reflected the more highly degraded nature of the biogenic material in the ocean interior at 47 degrees N compared to 60 degrees N. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd://A1996VU62300002BTimes Cited: 6 English Article VU623 DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:A1996VU62300002PLYMOUTH MARINE LAB,PROSPECT PL,W HOE,PLYMOUTH PL1 3DH,DEVON,ENGLAND Llewellyn CA PLYMOUTH MARINE LAB,PROSPECT PL,W HOE,PLYMOUTH PL1 3DH,DEVON,ENGLANDA>?55Vinogradov, M. E. Vereshchaka, A. L. Shushkina, E. A.1996Vertical structure of the zooplankton communities in the oligotrophic areas of the Northern Atlantic, and influence of the hydrothermal vent71-79 Okeanologiya361deep-sea; scattering layer; benthopelagic plankton; insitu rates; ocean; plume; macrozooplankton; peculiarities; productivity; californiaJan-FebPatterns of the vertical distribution of the zooplankton above the hydrothermal vents TAG (26 degrees N) and Broken Spur (29 degrees N), Middle Atlantic Ridge, are presented. Material was collected with 150-1 water bottles. BR nets, the data of the direct observation from DSRV ''Mir'', are also used. Local enrichment of the plankton at a distance of several tens and hundreds of meter above the bottom is shown to be absent. The water layer adjacent to the bottom, is dominated by the benthopelagic shrimps of the family Alvinocarididae; net plankton is almost lacking, bottle plankton is rare, the share of dead specimens being high. A supposition that hydrothermal ecosystens are sufficiently closed energetically, is done.://A1996UC567000112Times Cited: 11 Russian Article UC567 OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:A1996UC56700011[PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA Vinogradov ME PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA2>?6Heptner, M. V.1996<The typology of vertical distribution of oceanic zooplankton44-66Zhurnal Obshchei Biologii571biological investigations; benthopelagic plankton; general typology; north pacific; deep-sea; evolution; migration; community; atlantic; fluxesJan-FebThe study is aimed at typological analysis of vertical distribution of different taxa and taxocenes formed by zooplankton in habited different layers of pelagic zone. The basic of typololgy is provided by the theory of zooplankton vertical distribution proposed by Rudjakov (1986). It was shown that three phases of the population distribution during vertical migration, i. e. the positive asymmetrical in the upper part, the disperse (closed to a normal) in the middle phase of periodical vertical movements, and the negative asymmetrical near the lower limits of the range' have the analogies among tipes of vertical distribution caracteristic of some taxa and taxones of pelagic animals. The positive asymmetrical distribution with maximum in feeding zone is treated as archaetype. Its derivates are normal dispersionale type (middle depth or submersing) and inversely (negative) asymmetrical (submerged) types of distribution. Archaetypic distribution is peculiar to the taxa of order-type rank and to the layer 0-1000 (2000) m of pelagic zone. As to the taxa of the genus-family rank, especially specialazed ones and to the majority of the deepsea groups the normal distribution could be usually expected. Inversely asymmetrical (submerged) distribution may be characteristic of near-botton fauna. The relations of the types of distributions to the feeding habits, taxonomic rank of groups and possible mechanism of speciation in the pelagial are discussed.://A1996TX865000023Times Cited: 1 Russian Article TX865 ZH OBSHCH BIOLZhurnal Obshchei Biol.ISI:A1996TX86500002MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,SCI RES ZOOL MUSEUM,BOLSHAYA NIKITSKAYA 6,MOSCOW 103009,RUSSIA Heptner MV MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,SCI RES ZOOL MUSEUM,BOLSHAYA NIKITSKAYA 6,MOSCOW 103009,RUSSIAk>?7Vereshchaka, A. L.1995JMacroplankton in the near-Bottom Layer of Continental Slopes and Seamounts 1639-16686Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers429benthic boundary-layer; hyperbenthic mysids crustacea; northeast atlantic-ocean; western indian-ocean; deep-sea; vertical-distribution; benthopelagic plankton; biomass; zooplankton; zonationSepDistributions of mysids, euphausiids, shrimps and bottom- dwelling decapod larvae have been studied to reveal their relation to the sea bottom. A total of about 200,000 specimens belonging to 178 species and closer unidentified taxa has been examined. The material has been taken by R.V. Professor Shtokman in the Southeast Pacific (1987-1988) and by R.V. Vityaz in the western Indian Ocean (1989-1990) by sampling at depths of 1500 m and less over seamounts and continental slopes. In addition, aquarium observations on five species and analyses of the gut contents of 14 species have been carried out. Two principal groups of animals have proved to live in the near-bottom layer: pelagic (independent of the bottom) and benthopelagic (related to the bottom). They appear to differ in all studied aspects: distribution, behaviour and feeding. The benthopelagic animals are divided into three subgroups with finer ecological differences: hypo-, epi-, and amphibenthopelagic. The patterns of their distribution and migrations, the near-bottom biological zonation and its relation to the benthic boundary and benthic nepheloid layers are discussed, with (re)definitions of the terms used.://A1995TD80600008BTimes Cited: 8 English Article TD806 DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:A1995TD80600008RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST OCEANOL,KRASIKOVA ST 23,MOSCOW 117218,RUSSIA VERESHCHAKA AL RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST OCEANOL,KRASIKOVA ST 23,MOSCOW 117218,RUSSIAn>?8'Turley, C. M. Lochte, K. Lampitt, R. S.1995WTransformations of Biogenic Particles During Sedimentation in the Northeastern Atlantic179-189VPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences3481324particulate organic-matter; diel migrant biota; deep-sea floor; marine snow; north-atlantic; seasonal deposition; bloom experiment; pacific-ocean; vertical flux; carbon fluxMay 30 The vertical flux and transformation of biogenic particles are important processes in the oceanic carbon cycle. Changes in the magnitude of the biological pump can occur in the north eastern Atlantic on both a seasonal and interannual basis. For example, seasonal Variations in vertical flux at 47 degrees N 20 degrees W are linked to seasonal ocean productivity variations such as the spring bloom. The size and organic and inorganic content of phytoplankton species, their development and succession also play a role in the scale and composition of the biological pump. The majority of flux is in the form of fast sinking aggregates. Bacteria and transparent exopolymer particle production by phytoplankton have been implicated in aggregate production and mass flux events. Zooplankton grazing and faecal pellet production, their size and composition and extent of their vertical migration also influence the magnitude of vertical flux. Aggregates are formed in the upper ocean, often reaching a maximum concentration just below the seasonal thermocline and can be a food resource to mesozooplankton as well as to the high concentrations of attached bacteria and protozoa. Attached bacteria remineralize and solubilize the aggregate particulate organic carbon. The degree of particle solubilization is likely to be affected by factors controlling enzyme activity and production, for example temperature, pressure or concentration of specific organic molecules, all of which may change during sinking. Attached bacterial growth is greatest on particulate organic matter collected at 500 m which is the depth where studies of(210)po reveal that there is greatest break-up of rapidly sinking particles. Break-up of particles by feeding zooplankton can also occur. The fraction of sinking poc lost between 150-3100 m at one station in the north eastern Atlantic could supply about 90 % of the bacterial carbon demand. Some larger, faster sinking aggregates escape solubilization and disaggregation in the upper 1000 m and arrive in the deep ocean and on the deep-sea bed. Seasonally varying rates of sedimentation are reflected at the deep-sea floor by deposition of phytodetrital material in summer. Approximately 2-4 % of surface water primary production reaches the sea floor in 4500 m depth at 47 degrees N 20 degrees W after a sedimentation time of about 4-6 weeks. In this region, concentrations of chloroplastic pigments increased in summer by an order of magnitude, whereas seasonal changes in activity or biomass parameters were smaller. Breakdown of the generally strongly degraded organic matter deposited on deep-sea sediments is mainly accomplished by bacteria. Rates of degradation and efficiency of biomass production depend largely on the proportion of biologically labile material which decreases with advancing decay. It is likely that different levels of organic matter deposition influence the bioturbation rates of larger benthos, which has an effect on transport processes within the sediment and presumably also on microbial degradation rates.://A1995RC87500013ATimes Cited: 25 English Article RC875 PHIL TRANS ROY SOC LONDON B.Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci.ISI:A1995RC87500013PLYMOUTH MARINE LAB,CITADEL HILL,PLYMOUTH PL1 2PB,DEVON,ENGLAND ALFRED WEGENER INST POLAR & MARINE RES,W-2850 BREMERHAVEN,GERMANY INST OCEANOG SCI,DEACON LAB,WORMLEY GU8 5UB,SURREY,ENGLAND TURLEY CM PLYMOUTH MARINE LAB,CITADEL HILL,PLYMOUTH PL1 2PB,DEVON,ENGLAND >?98Lampitt, R. S. Wishner, K. F. Turley, C. M. Angel, M. V.1993Marine Snow Studies in the Northeast Atlantic-Ocean - Distribution, Composition and Role as a Food Source for Migrating Plankton689-702Marine Biology1164vertical nitrogen flux; diel migrant biota; deep-sea; chroococcoid cyanobacteria; coastal waters; potential role; sinking rates; fecal pellets; zooplankton; particlesAugz During a 25 d Lagrangian study in May and June 1990 in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, marine snow aggregates were collected using a novel water bottle, and the composition was determined microscopically. The aggregates contained a characteristic signature of a matrix of bacteria, cyanobacteria and autotrophic picoplankton with inter alia inclusions of the tintiniid Dictyocysta elegans and large pennate diatoms. The concentration of bacteria and cyanobacteria was much greater on the aggregates than when free-living by factors of 100 to 6000 and 3000 to 2500000, respectively, depending on depth. Various species of crustacean plankton and micronekton were collected, and the faecal pellets produced after capture were examined. These often contained the marine snow signature, indicating that these organisms had been consuming marine snow. In some cases, marine snow material appeared to dominate the diet. This implies a food-chain short cut whereby material, normally too small to be consumed by the mesozooplankton, and considered to constitute the diet of the microplankton can become part of the diet of organisms higher in the food-chain. The micronekton was dominated by the amphipod Themisto compressa, whose pellets also contained the marine snow signature. Shipboard incubation experiments with this species indicated that (1) it does consume marine snow, and (2) its gut-passage time is sufficiently long for material it has eaten in the upper water to be defecated at its day-time depth of several hundred meters. Plankton and micronekton were collected with nets to examine their vertical distribution and diel migration and to put into context the significance of the flux of material in the guts of migrants. ''Gut flux'' for the T compressa population was calculated to be up to 2% of the flux measured simultaneously by drifting sediment traps and < 5% when all migrants are considered. The in situ abundance and distribution of marine snow aggregates (> 0.6 mm) was examined photographically. A sharp concentration peak was usually encountered in the depth range 40 to 80 m which was not associated with peaks of in situ fluorescence or attenuation but was just below or at the base of the upper mixed layer. The feeding behaviour of zooplankton and nekton may influence these concentration gradients to a considerable extent, and hence affect the flux due to passive settling of marine snow aggregates.://A1993LR57300017.Times Cited: 63 English Article LR573 MAR BIOL Mar. Biol.ISI:A1993LR57300017INST OCEANOG SCI,DEACON LAB,GODALMING GU8 5UB,SURREY,ENGLAND UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882 PLYMOUTH MARINE LAB,PLYMOUTH PL1 2PB,DEVON,ENGLAND LAMPITT RS INST OCEANOG SCI,DEACON LAB,GODALMING GU8 5UB,SURREY,ENGLAND >?:7Asper, V. L. Deuser, W. G. Knauer, G. A. Lohrenz, S. E.1992ORapid Coupling of Sinking Particle Fluxes between Surface and Deep Ocean Waters670-672Nature3576380sargasso sea; sediment traps; temporal variations; northeast pacific; panama basin; marine snow; carbon; atlantic; matter; resuspensionJun 25cSETTLING particles are thought to be responsible for much of the transport of mass and energy from the upper ocean to the sea floor. Photosynthetic production by phytoplankton is a major source of these particles, either as phytoplankton biomass sinks directly 1 or as it is transformed into rapidly sinking forms such as aggregates 2,3 and zooplankton faeces 4. Because a variety of processes may act on sinking matter, however, it is not known to what extent fluxes of organic matter to the deep sea are coupled to processes at the ocean surface. Some studies have provided evidence for direct coupling 2, 5-7, but transformation processes and advection exist which have the potential to modify the transmission of surface signals to the deep sea 8-11. If these mechanisms overwhelm surface production signals, seasonal and annual variations in deep-sea geochemistry and biology would be controlled largely by lateral processes associated with ocean circulation rather than by surface processes. Here we report direct measurements of seasonal variations in upper-ocean primary production concurrent with particle fluxes measured at several depths ranging from the upper to the deep ocean in the Atlantic. We find that the productivity signal can be transferred rapidly to the deep sea by settling particles, yielding close temporal coupling between the surface and deep oceans.://A1992JA43000063,Times Cited: 68 English Article JA430 NATURENatureISI:A1992JA43000063UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,CTR MARINE SCI,JOHN C STENNIS SPACE CTR,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT CHEM,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543 ASPER VL UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,CTR MARINE SCI,JOHN C STENNIS SPACE CTR,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529>?;Mauchline, J. Gordon, J. D. M.1991eOceanic Pelagic Prey of Benthopelagic Fish in the Benthic Boundary-Layer of a Marginal Oceanic Region109-115Marine Ecology-Progress Series742-3northeastern atlantic-ocean; santa-catalina basin; deep-sea fish; rockall trough; near-bottom; midwater; water; floor; hydrography; zooplanktonAugcThe availability of oceanic plankton and micronekton to the benthopelagic fish assemblages on the slopes of the Rockall Trough, a marginal region of the northeast Atlantic deep-sea environment, is examined. The vertical distribution of pelagic species predated by the fish was determined in the off-slope water column, as were the depths at which they are predated by the fish in the benthic boundary layer of the slope. The benthopelagic fish predated pelagic species at depths on the slope corresponding to the daytime depths of the pelagic prey. The occurrence of these pelagic species at the benthic boundary layer is primarily through truncation of their pelagic vertical distributions rather than horizontal impingement, although this does occur: this applies not only to epi- and mesopelagic but also to the bathypelagic species which can even reach abyssal sediments. Diel vertical migration of the pelagic species did not make them available to slope fishes in shallower depths presumably because vertical migration is strictly upwards within the pelagic water column and not up the contours of the slope sediment.://A1991GC139000018Times Cited: 27 English Article GC139 MAR ECOL-PROGR SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.ISI:A1991GC13900001SCOTTISH MARINE BIOL ASSOC,POB 3,OBAN PA34 4AD,ARGYLL,SCOTLAND MAUCHLINE J SCOTTISH MARINE BIOL ASSOC,POB 3,OBAN PA34 4AD,ARGYLL,SCOTLAND >>?ROttens, J. J. Nederbragt, A. J.1992CPlanktic Foraminiferal Diversity as Indicator of Ocean Environments13-28Marine Micropaleontology191-2Unorthern indian-ocean; isotope record; red-sea; atlantic; oxygen; sediments; site-522AprThe combination of the number of species (simple diversity), an information function (Shannon diversity) and a measure of equitability is used to characterize modern ocean environments based on planktic foraminiferal faunas. Regional environmental conditions can be recognized as deviations from the global latitudinal trend. Simple diversity (number of species) offers relatively little resolution itself, because it is sensitive to the addition of rare species. Variable conditions, such as the highly productive spring bloom and upwelling, are characterized by relatively low diversity and equitability values. Relatively high diversity and a lesser increase in equitability are found in mixing zones of adjacent water masses. In extreme conditions diversity is low, whereas equitability is intermediate to high. Modern patterns can be applied to fossil sections, to reconstruct regional paleoceanographic conditions. Thus relatively low Shannon diversity with low equitability in Maastrichtian heterohelicid faunas from El Kef, Tunisia, is interpreted as indicating variable conditions. An increase in simple diversity mostly traces evolution of the heterohelicids as a group, which diversified during the Maastrichtian. The number of species through time is a function of available niches and as such related to oceanic circulation on a global scale. Therefore, when applying modern patterns to fossil sections, a distinction has to be made between global diversity trends and regional environmental change. The correlation between Cenozoic stable isotope record and number of planktic foraminiferal species suggest indeed that simple diversity registers changes in global circulation. Maximum number of species occurred in the Maastrichtian, the Middle Eocene and the early Middle Miocene. In these three instances the maxima are found after the start of a cooling trend and are interpreted as transition periods between two modes of ocean circulation, causing the temporary coexistence of old and new species.://A1992HU784000037Times Cited: 7 English Article HU784 MAR MICROPALEONTOLMar. Micropaleontol.ISI:A1992HU78400003FREE UNIV AMSTERDAM,INST EARTH SCI,CTR GEOMARINE,DE BOELELAAN 1085,1081 HV AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS OTTENS JJ FREE UNIV AMSTERDAM,INST EARTH SCI,CTR GEOMARINE,DE BOELELAAN 1085,1081 HV AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS >?S%Gloeckler, G. Geiss, J. Balsiger, H. Bedini, P. Cain, J. C. Fischer, J. Fisk, L. A. Galvin, A. B. Gliem, F. Hamilton, D. C. Hollweg, J. V. Ipavich, F. M. Joos, R. Livi, S. Lundgren, R. Mall, U. McKenzie, J. F. Ogilvie, K. W. Ottens, F. Rieck, W. Tums, E. O. Vonsteiger, R. Weiss, W. Wilken, B.1992+The Solar-Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer267-289*Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series922interplanetary medium; jupiter; artificial satellites space probes; sun; solar wind earths bow shock; voyager-2; upstream; plasma; originJan The Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) on Ulysses is designed to determine uniquely the elemental and ionic- charge composition, and the temperatures and mean speeds of all major solar-wind ions, from H through Fe, at solar wind speeds ranging from 175 km/s (protons) to 1280 km/s (Fe8+). The instrument, which covers an energy per charge range from 0.16 to 59.6 keV/e in approximately 13 min, combines an electrostatic analyzer with post-acceleration, followed by a time-of-flight and energy measurement. The measurements made by SWICS will have an impact on many areas of solar and heliospheric physics, in particular providing essential and unique information on: (i) conditions and processes in the region of the corona where the solar wind is accelerated; (ii) the location of the source regions of the solar wind in the corona; (iii) coronal heating processes; (iv) the extent and causes of variations in the composition of the solar atmosphere; (v) plasma processes in the solar wind; (vi) the acceleration of energetic particles in the solar wind; (vii) the thermalization and acceleration of interstellar ions in the solar wind, and their composition; and (viii) the composition, charge states and behavior of the plasma in various regions of the Jovian magnetosphere.://A1992HA43700004DTimes Cited: 104 English Article HA437 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUPPL SERIESAstron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser.ISI:A1992HA43700004UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742 UNIV BERN,INST PHYS,CH-3000 BERN,SWITZERLAND UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742 TECH UNIV BRAUNSCHWEIG,INST DATENVERARBEITENDE ANLAGEN,W-3300 BRAUNSCHWEIG,GERMANY UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT PHYS,DURHAM,NH 03824 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771 NASA,OFF SPACE SCI & APPLICAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20546 MAX PLANCK INST AERON,W-3411 KATLENBURG DUHM,GERMANY GLOECKLER G UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742 =>?WAngel, M. V. Rice, T. L.1996JThe ecology of the deep ocean and its relevance to global waste management915-926Journal of Applied Ecology335long-term problems; waste management; human population growth; deepsea; criteria north-atlantic ocean; hoplostethus-atlanticus; orange roughy; sea; marine; biodiversity; diversity; communities; population; pacificOct1. As global human populations continue to grow uncontrollably, there is a foreseeable medium to long-term need for the utilization of deep ocean environments for disposal of waste materials to maintain sustainability of global environmental resources. 2. The assimilative capacity of deep ocean ecosystems is likely to be high relative to the quantities of waste that cannot be dealt with through alternative options such as waste minimization, recycling and incineration. 3. Deep ocean disposal may not be an acceptable option for the disposal of industrial organic compounds, which are persistent in the environment but for which alternative destructive procedures are available. 4. The choice of either a dispersive or accumulative regime for a disposal will need be based on the characteristics of the waste. Waste that is biologically or chemically degradable may best be dispersed. 5. Present knowledge of deep ocean ecosystems would suggest that disposal of inert, metal-rich, or even organic-rich wastes into accumulative regimes on the floor of the abyssal ocean would not create major deleterious impacts on living resources or other uses by Mankind of the oceans. Thus, under the present definition adopted by the Law of the Sea Convention this would not constitute large-scale pollution. 6. These tentative conclusions need to be evaluated by appropriately scaled experiments. Results from small-scale experimental procedures, based on the disposal of a few tonnes of waste and effecting a few square metres of sea-bed, cannot be extrapolated to predict confidently the impact of industrial scale disposal. Experiments approaching a tenth the size and extent of a full industrial exercise will be needed, but conducting such an experiment will not, in itself, carry significant environmental risk. 7. There are also some basic biological questions, mostly concerning the diversity of benthic assemblages and the processes that maintain their diversity, that will need to be resolved before deep-ocean disposal could be adopted. 8. There are major socio-economic problems about the global management of the abyssal ocean as a non-living resource which will have to be addressed internationally.://A1996VY72900001/Times Cited: 5 English Review VY729 J APPL ECOLJ. Appl. Ecol.ISI:A1996VY72900001SOUTHAMPTON OCEANOG CTR,EMPRESS DOCK,SOUTHAMPTON SO14 3ZH,HANTS,ENGLAND Angel MV SOUTHAMPTON OCEANOG CTR,EMPRESS DOCK,SOUTHAMPTON SO14 3ZH,HANTS,ENGLAND>?XKrause, D. C. Angel, M. V.19946Marine Biogeography, Climate-Change and Societal Needs221-235Progress in Oceanography342-34doppler current profiler; abundance; patterns; waterPelagic biogeography deals with the large scale distributional patterns of pelagic organisms in the world's oceans, their origins through evolution and the changes in ocean morphology during the geological past, and the factors which currently control and maintain them. The knowledge it generates has a wide variety of uses in science, both basic and applied, and in socio-economics. Its products include: (1) Distributional data compiled in data bases, maps and atlases; (2) Explanatory scientific and non-scientific publications on the distributions and their implications; (3) Standardisation of methodologies; (4) Trained specialists; (5) Advice to society on oceanic aspects of global resource management; and (6) Assessments of oceanic biodiversity in relation to the Biodiversity Convention. The immediate users of this knowledge include oceanographers in other disciplines, ecologists, applied scientists and engineers, resource managers, fishermen, environmentalists, teachers, international lawyers and policy- makers. At present the largest users are the natural resource managers seeking to optimise and to sustain the resource for which they are responsible. There is a considerable body of national and international legislation which is underpinned by biogeographical information. Similarly much of our understanding about past climate which is being used to predict future trends, is based on applying information on present-day distributional patterns to the interpretation of the fossil record in marine sediments. Global change, in the ocean, the atmosphere and on land, is strongly modulated by the feedback between marine organisms, nutrients and greenhouse gases, The marked coherence observed between the distributions of physical, chemical and biological patterns suggest that the processes involved in this feedback are linked with pelagic community structure. Remote sensing of sea-surface properties and the heat content of the mixed-layer, offer considerable potential for linking ecological and biogeographical processes to large scale features of ocean circulation and climatology. The long-term monitoring of the ocean in the Global Ocean Observing System will need to integrate physical, chemical and ecological data, if the models used to predict future change are to achieve adequate precision. The future use and resource management of the oceans has to involve biogeographical information. Traditional sampling methods, even when supplemented by large scale surveys such as CALCOFI and the Continuous Plankton Recorder surveys,will never provide sufficient data, so new techniques for intensive sampling and monitoring are being sought. Some surrogate measures such as chlorophyll fluorescence are already well established as standard oceanographic methodology; others involving acoustics and optical properties have the potential for sampling the biological characteristics at the same time/space scales as the physicochemical properties of the oceans are being studied. However, the calibration of these new techniques against traditional sampling and observational methods remains problematic. Information technology is beginning to be used, not only to unify the systematics of many taxonomic groups, but also to improve information exchange. Improvements in digital data bases will lead to freer exchange of information, and also facilitate the production of maps and interpretations customized for other users. The scientific resources being devoted to pelagic biogeography are declining with potentially serious consequences. This trend can only be reversed if the biogeographers themselves make their output more accessible and user-friendly for non-scientists, and take advantage of the new technologies which promise to re-vitalise the field.://A1994QB204000101Times Cited: 1 English Review QB204 PROG OCEANOGRProg. Oceanogr.ISI:A1994QB20400010UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106 INST OCEANOG SCI,DEACON LAB,GODALMING GU8 5UB,SURREY,ENGLAND KRAUSE DC UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106K>?Y Angel, M. V.1993!Biodiversity of the Pelagic Ocean760-772Conservation Biology74DecThis paper reviews knowledge of biodiversity in open ocean pelagic communities and discusses the possible causal factors for the patterns. The oceanic pelagic ecosystem is by far the largest on Earth and, although locally its assemblages may be as rich as many terrestrial ecosystems, its global diversity (at both a species and an ecosystem level) is low. There are latitudinal trends in pelagic species diversity similar to those in many terrestrial taxa. High species richness in the oceans, however, tends to be associated with regions of low productivity that lack strong seasonality in the production cycle. The richest zones occur at the boundaries between different types of oceanic water where different faunas are mixed together, but the geographical locations of these boundaries are unstable and shift seasonally by hundreds of kilometers. If high diversity is emphasized in the development of protocols for conservation, then not only will the oceans receive low priority in conservation and resource management, but the regions most important in terms of process will also be overlooked. The scales of oceanic systems are so large that the methodologies developed for terrestrial conservation and resource management are inapplicable Biodiversity may be regarded as the principal criterion for developing management strategies, yet the links (if any) between the ecological processes in the ocean that play such an important role in global homeostasis remain poorly characterized. The basis for a predictive understanding of the interaction between diversity and ecological process can be greatly enhanced relatively inexpensively by systematically collating existing data and working up extant collections of material://A1993MP158000061Times Cited: 17 English Review MP158 CONSERV BIOLConserv. Biol.ISI:A1993MP15800006INST OCEANOG SCI,DEACON LAB,WORMLEY GODALMING GU8 5UB,SURREY,ENGLAND ANGEL MV INST OCEANOG SCI,DEACON LAB,WORMLEY GODALMING GU8 5UB,SURREY,ENGLAND?ZAguiar, A. Pereira, J.1982uPhysiculus dalwigki Kaup, 1858 and Gadella maraldi (Risso, 1810) newly recorded in Azorean waters (Pisces: Moridae).35-38Cybium63;Geographical distribution; new records;anatomy; morphometry?[;Azevedo, J. M. N. Neto, A. I. Heemstra, P. C. Arruda, L. M.1991Peixes marinhos de Santa Maria49-519Relatórios e Communicações do Departamento de Biologia19AEcology; demography; vertical distribution; feeding; biology; agec?\jAzevedo, J. M. N.1992`Nota sbre os meros, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Pisces: Serranidae), nas Lajes do Pico.35-379Relatórios e Communicações do Departamento de Biologia20!Ecology; demography; biology; age?];Azevedo, J. M. N. Heemstra, P. C. Arruda, L. M. Neto, A. I.19922Peixes marinhos litorais da ilha do Pica (Açores)27-339Relatórios e Communicações do Departamento de Biologia20 Checklist?^Azevedo, J. M. N.1995ZFood web of the Azorean shallow water marine ichthyological communities: a guild approach.29-53%Boletin do Musea Municipal do FunchalSuplemento no. 4Checklist; ecology; feeding ?_!Azevedo, J. M. N. Heemstra, P. C.1995,New records of marine fishes from the Azores1-10 ArquipélagoLife and Marine Sciences13AkSystematics; diagnosis; anatomy; morphology; meristics; morphometry; geographical distribution; new recordsaB?`jAzevedo, J. M. N. Brum, J. M.in pressqFirst record of the Sailfin Roughshark Oxynotus paradoxus Frade, 1929 (Chondrychthyes, Oxynatidae) for the AzoresCybium>Systematics; diagnosis; Geographical distribution; new records?a<Backus, R. H. Craddock, J. E. Haedrich, R. L. Shores, D. L.1970YThe distribution of mesopelagic fishes in the equatorial and western North Atlantic ocean179-201Journal of Marine Research282Biogeography; zoogeography?b=Backus, R. H. Craddock, J. E. Haedrich, R. L. Robinson, B. H.1977!Atlantic mesopelagic zoogeography266-287$Fishes of the Western North AtlanticeMemoir One. Part Seven: Family Neoscopelidae. Family Mictophidae. Atlantic Mesopelagic Zoogeography.Gibbs, R. H. Jr.@Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University, New Haven`Oceanography; expeditions; scientific expeditions; cruises; stations; biogeography; zoogeography?c Bard, F. X.1986Distribution et abondance des différentes espèces de thonidés dans la Région des Açores en relation avec l'Atlantique nord59-82.Relatório da VI Semana das Pescas dos Açores6(1985)Fisheries biology; parameters; fisheries; statistics; biology; physiology; ecology; vertical distribution; feeding; migration; Geographical distribution?d Bard, F. X.1987=Pêcheries et état des stocks d'espadon en Océan Atlantique91-110/Relatório da VII Semana das Pescas dos Açores7 (1986)DFisheries biology; parameters; fisheries; statistics; biology;growth?e jBarreiros, J. P.1995dAspectos do comportamento e da reprodução do mero Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1934), nos Açores95pp7Provas de Aptidão Pedagógica e Capacidade CientíficaAngra do Heroísmo<Departamento de Ciêcias Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores/Ethology; behavioural ecology; ecology; feeding?f5Bauchot, M.-L. Iwamoto, T. Geistdoefer, P. Rannou, M.1971Étude critique des résultats des expéditions scientifiques du "Travailleur" et du "Talisman". Nouvel examen des Macrouridae (Téléostéens, Gadiformes)653-669=Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3e séries14 Zoologie 14nSystematics; Checklist; scientific expeditions; cruises; stations; museum collection; history; marine research?g-Bauchot, M.-L. Desoutter, M. Castle, P. H. J.1993Catalogue critique des types de poissons du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle(suite). Ordres des Anguilliformes et des Saccopharyngiformes91-151Cybium17(2)&Checklist; museum collection; catalogs?hBorodin, N. A.1931North-Atlantic deep-sea fishes55-89=Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Havard College72(3)cSystematics; diagnosis; Checklist; anatomy; meristics; morphometry; scientific expeditions; cruises?i Briggs, J. C.19666Oceanic islands, endemism and marine paleotemperatures153-163Systematic Zoology15 (2)@Biogeography; zoogeography; marine geology; evolution; phylogeny?j Briggs, J. C.1970,A faunal history of the north Atlantic ocean19-34Systematic Zoology19(1)@Biogeography; zoogeography; marine geology; evolution; phylogeny?k Briggs, J. C.1974Marine Zoogeography xi + 475ppMcGraw-Hill Book CompanyBiogeography; zoogeography)?l Brito, A.1983Tres especies nuevas para la fauna ictiológica de las Islas Canarias: Hoplostethus mediterraneus Cuvier, 1829, Sphoeroides cutaneus (Günther, 1870) y Blennius pilicornis Cuvier, 1829 (Pisces: Teleostei)17-26Vieraea12(1/2)GGeographical distribution; new records; anatomy; meristics; morphometryi?mjBrum, J. M. M.1992{Note on the presence of the great-white shark Chacharodon charcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) in the waters of São Miguel, Azores517-521 Açoreana7(3);Geographical distribution; new record; anatomy; morphometry?nj Brum, J. M. M. Azevedo, J. M. N.1995uFirst record of the Galapagos Shark Carcharinus galapagensis (Snodgrass & Heller, 1905) (Carcharinidae) on the Azores139-143%Boletin do Musea Municipal do Funchal Supl. No. 4SSystematics; diagnosis; anatomy; morphometry; Geographical distribution; new record?oCapello, F. de B.1871aoPrimeira lista dos peixes da Ilha da Madeira, Açores e das possessões d'Africa que existem no museu de Lisboa194-2024Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas Physicas e NaturaesTomo IIINum. XI - Março de 1871Museum collections; catalogs?pClarke, M. Martins, H.1995AMarine Azorean foodswebs: the known, the unknown and the unlikely73-800Relatório da XIII Semana das Pescas dos Açores 13 (1994)Ecology; feeding;?qj4Clarke, M. R. Clarke, D. C. Martins, H. Silva, H. M.19959The diet of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in Azorian waters53-69 ArquipélagoLife and Earth Sciences, 13AEcology; feeding?r Collett, R.1897COm en Samling Fiske fra Azoreme, tilhørende Museet i Ponta Delgada1-17(Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidensksab19(7)DSystematics; Checklist; geographical distribution; museum collection?sCollins, B. L.1954%Lista de peixes dos mares dos Açores1-40 AçoreanaII (5)(Checklist; systematics; vernacular names?tDias, M. L. Barraca, I. F.1971fSobre a pesca de tunídeos nas costas de Portugal continental e ilhas da Madeira e Açores (1961-1970)14pp6Boletin Informativo do Instituto de Biologia Marítima2)Fisheries; technology; commercial speciesv?u%Dias, M. L. Olsen, K. Østvedt, O. J.1976UReport on a cruise by the R. V. "G. O. Sars" to the Açores and the coast of Portugal44pp4International Council for the Exploration of the SeaC.M. 1976/J:12!Pelagic Fish (Southern) CommitteenFisheries; cruises; technology; Oceanography; plankton; development; larvae and juveniles; Ecology; demography?vDias, M. L. Monteiro, M. C.1986Gpesca exploratória e observações hidrológicas em águas dos Açores"22pp + 47 tables, + 4pp+25 figures,Fisheries; cruises; technology; OceanographyO?w$Dias, M. L. Krug, M. H. Silva, H. M.1990?Estudos de apoio às pescas açoreanas. Campanha "Açores 1/83"94pp,Relatórios Técnicos e Científicos do INIPLisboa (22) Março 1990Fisheries; cruises; technology; checklist; Fisheries biology; Oceanography; Ecology; vertical distribution; biology; reproduction%?x Dias, M. L.1991q Pesca exploratória com palangre em águas dos grupos central e oriental do Arquipélago dos Açores (1979-1983)26pp,Relatórios Técnicos e Científicos do INIPLisboa (46) Novembro 1991<Fisheries biology; fisheries; cruises; technology; checklist?yDias, M. L. Cascalho, A.19919Experiências de pesca com palangre em águas dos Açores139-156.Relatório da XI Semana das Pescas dos Açores11(1990)<Fisheries biology; fisheries; cruises; technology; checklist?z DOP1993Peixes Marinhos dos Açores. Uma colecção de ilustrações/ Marine Fishes of the Azores. A selected collection of illustrationsi+14pp+13 plates"Nova Grágica, Lda., Ponta Delgada>Departmento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores?{ Drouët, H.1858cRapport a Sa Majesté Le Roi de Portugal sur un Voyage d'Exploration Scientifique aux îles Açores1-3/Mémoires de la Société Académique de l'AubeXXII (extrait)'Scientific expeditions; natural history ?| Drouët, H.1861aVoyage d'Exploration Scientifique aux Iles Açores, effectué par MM. Morelet et Drouët pendant le printemps et l'été de 185781-984Annales de la Société Linneénne de Maine et LoireIV 4e AnnéeScientific expeditions?} Drouët, H.1861b"Éléments de la Faune Açoréenne245ppJ. B. Balliére & Fils, Paris.Natural history; history; ethnology; checklist?~-Du Buit, M. H. Ozouf-Costaz, C. Quéro, J. C.1989Observation à Concarneau de Cryptopsaras couesi et Certias sp. (Piscea, Lophiiformes, Ceratiidae), espèces nouvelles pour la faune ichthyologique française. 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M.1991gShrimps of the families Pandalidae and Hippolytidae (Decapoda, Caridae) from the eastern Atlantic Ocean47-61 ArquipélagoLife and Earth Sciences9H?Martins, J. A. Santos, R. S.1991OBreves considerações sobre a implementação de reservas marinhas nos Açores318-333ePrimeiras Jornadas de Proteccção do Meio Ambiente (Açores, Madeira, Canárias e Cabo Verde) (1988)%Dias, E. Carretas, J. P. Cordeiro, P.Angra do HeroísmoSRTA/DRA and CMAH?:Martins, H. R. Santos, R. S. Hawkins, S. J. Nash, R. D. M.1992Expedition Azores 1989: Ecology and taxonomy of the fauna and flora of the marine littoral. An introduction. , Life and Earth Sciences39-44 ArquipélagoLife and Earth Sciences10?Martins, A. F. M. -Ed.1995The marine fauna and flora of the Azores. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop of Malacology and Marine Biology, Vila Franca do Campo, São Miguel, Azores (July 21 - August 3 1991)316pp Açoreana Suplemento Maio 1995? Menezes, G. M.1991aAspectos da biologia e ecologia de Patella ulyssiponensis aspera e Patella candei candei (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Patellidae) dos Açores. Potencial da sua exploração134 pp&Relatório de Estágio de LicenciaturaLisboaFaculdade de Ciências de@?XMenezes, G. M.1991bUmbraculum mediterraneum (Lamarck, 1819) (Mollusca, Opistobranchia, Umbraculomorpha), a new record for the littoral fauna of the Azores101-102 ArquipélagoLife and Earth Sciences9?Menezes, G. Silva, H. M. Krug, H. Balguerias, E. Delgado,J. Pérez, J. G. Soldevilla, I. L. Nespereira, J. L. Carvalho, D. Morales, J. S.1997iDesign optimization and implementation of demersal surveys in the Macaronesian archipelagos. FINAL REPORT162ppICommission of the European Communities DG X1V/C/1 - Study contract 94/034 Arquivos do DOP. Séries Estudos3/1998 ?GMenezes, G. Delgado, J. Krug, H. Pinho, M. R. Silva, H. M. Carvalho, D.1998ZDesign and implementation of demersal cruise surveys in the Macaronesian archipelagos - II160ppICommission of the european Communities DG XIV/C/1 - Study contract 95/095o?Mikkelsen, P. M.1995(Cephalaspid opisthobranchs of the Azores193-215 Açoreana Supl.?$Monaco, S. A. S. le Prince Albert de1905'Sur la campagne de la "Princesse-Alice"1-5-Bulletin du Musée Océanographique de Monaco394B?jMonteiro, L. R. Furness, R. W. (unpubl.)pSpeciation through temporal segregation of Madeiran storm petrel (Oceanodroma castro) populations in the Azores?(unpublished manuscript)$?jMonteiro, L. R. Lopes, H. D.1990WMercury content of swordfish Xiphias gladius in relation to length, weight, age and sex293-296Marine Pollution Bulletin21?+Monteiro, L. R. Isidro, E. J. Lopes, H. D.1991Mercury content in relation to sex, size, age and growth in two scorpionfish (Helicolenus dactylopterus and Pontinus kuhlii) from Azorean waters359-367Water, Air, and Soil Pollution56?2Monteiro, L. R. Porteiro, F. M. Gonçalves, J. M.1992aInter- and intra-specific variation of mercury levels in muscle of cephalopods from the Azores. ,13-22 ArquipélagoLife and Earth Sciences10?jMonteiro, L. R. Furness, R. W.1995*Fea's petrel Pterodroma feae in the Azores9-14+Bulletin of the British Ornithological Club115?.Monteiro, L. R. Furness, R. W. del Nevo, A. J.1995>Mercury levels in seabirds from the Azores, mid-North Atlantic304-3096Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology28F?.Monteiro, L. R. Furness, R. W. del Nevo, A .J.in pressDMercury levels in seabirds from the Azores, north-mid Atlantic Ocean4Archives of Environment, Contaminants and ToxicologyF?*Monteiro, L.R. Ramos, J. A. Furness, R. W.in press[Past and present status and conservation of the seabirds breeding in the Azores ArchipelagoBiological Conservationin press? Moore, C. C.1994BPelagic seabird transects through Azorean waters, autumn 1990-1992111-116 ArquipélagoLife and Marine Sciences12A? Moore, P. G.1995RFaunistic notes on a small collection of marine amphipods from São Miguel, Azores313-316 AçoreanaSupl.?Moore, P. G. Weeks, J. M.1995lObservations on the natural history of some supralittoral and terrestrial talitrid amphipods from the Azores79-91 AçoreanaSupl.?2Moore, P. G. Rainbow, P. S. Weeks, J. M. Smith, B.1995xObservations on copper and zinc in an ecological series of talitroidean amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Azores93-102 AçoreanaSupl.? j Morton, B.1995kThe biology and functional morphology of Trichomusculus semigranatus (Bivalvia: Mytiloidea) from the Azores279-295 AçoreanaSupl.?  Moss, D. L.1992CA summary of the porifera collectec during "Expedition Azores 1989"45-53 ArquipélagoLife and Earth Sciences10^? j)Nash, R. D. M. Geffen A. J. Santos, R. S.1991uThe wyde-flounder, Bothus podas Delaroche, a singular flat fish in varied shallow-water habitats of the Azores. , (),367-373#Netherlands Journal of Sea Research273/4#? jNash, R. D. M. Santos, R. S.1993UThe occurrence of the lesser weever (Echiichthys vipera) (Cuvier, 1829) in the Azores317-319Journal of Fish Biology432? +Nash, R. D. M. Santos, R. S. Hawkins, S. J.1994GDiel fluctuations of a sandy beach fish assemblage at Porto Pim, Azores75-86 ArquipélagoLife and Marine Sciences12A? Neto, A. I.1992QContribution to the taxonomy and ecology of the Azorean benthic marine Algae. , ,163-176)Biological Journal of the Linnean Society46? Neto, A. I.19943Checklist of the benthic marine algae of the Azores15-34 ArquipélagoLife and Marine Sciences12A?j#Nierop, M. M. van Hartog, J. C. den1984A study on the gut contents of five juvenile loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta (Linnaeus) (Reptilia, Cheloniidae), from the South-Eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean, with emphasis on coelenterate identification35-53Zoologische Mededelingen594? Nobre, A.1924(Contribuições para a fauna dos Açores41-907Anais do Instituto de Zoologia da Universidade do PortoVol. Iv? Nobre, A.1930/Materiais para o Estudo da Fauna dos Açores. .108 ppCompanhia Editora do Minho D? Patzner, R. A.1990#Fishes in the lagoon of Lajes, PicogExpedição Açores/89 1990. Ecologia e Taxonomia do Litoral Marinho dos Açores: Relatório PreliminarParte IVol. 15Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, Açores123-126?4Patzner, R. A. Santos, R. S. Ré, P. Nash, R. D. M.1992mLittoral fishes of the Azores: An annotated checklist of fishes observed during the " Expedition Azores 1989"101-111 ArquipélagoLife and Earth Sciences10?Patzner, R. A. Santos, R. S.19933Ecology of rocky littoral fishes of the Azores. , ,423-427'Courrier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg159?%Paula, J. Cartaxana, A. Queiroga, H.1992=Decapod crustaceans collected by the "Expedition Azores 1989"67-74 ArquipélagoLife and Earth Sciences108?jPereira, J. A. G.1994VA pesca do atum nos Açores e o atum patudo (Thunnus obesus, Lowe, 1839) do Atlântico330pp Ponta DelgadaUniversidade dos AçoresTese de DoutoramentoH?jPorteiro, F. M. Martins, H. R.1992mFirst finding of natural laid eggs from Loligo forbesi Steenstrup, 1856 (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) in the Azores119-120 ArquipélagoLife and Earth Sciences10R?jPorteiro, F.M. H.R. Martins1994Biology of Loligo forbesi Steenstrup, 1856 (Mollusc: Cephalopoda) in the Azores: sample composition and maturation of squid caught by jigging103-114Fisheries Research21?Prud'homme van Reine, W. F.1988'Phytogeography of seweeds of the Azores165-185Helgoländer Meersunters42F?Ramos, J. A. del Nevo, A. J.in pressBNest site selection by Roseate and Common terns in the Azores. Aukin press?Rees, W. J. White, E.19666New records and fauna list of hydroids from the Azores271-284&Annals and Magazine of Natural History Ser. 13 9? Regan, C. T.1903)On a collection of fishes from the Azores344-348&Annals and Magazine of Natural HistorySer. 79? Reiner, F.1990/Record of marine mammals of the Azorean islands21-36!Garcia da Orta, Série Zoológica152?*Reiner, F. Gonçalves, J. M. Santos, R. S.1993jTwo new records of Ziphiidae (Cetacea) for the Azores with an updated checklist of cetacean species. . , ,113-118 ArquipélagoLife and Marine Sciences11A?  Richard, J.1910FLes campagnes scientifiques de S. A. S. le Prince Albert Ier de Monaco140 pp6Exposition Universelle de 1900, Principauté du MonacoImprimerie du Monaco(?! Richard, J.1936iDocuments sur les Cétacés et Pinnipidés Provenant des Campagnes du Prince Albert Ier Prince de Monaco.72 ppxRésultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverin du Monaco, Fascicule XCIVImprimerie du Monaco*?" Saldanha, L.1991CA protecção e conservação do meio marinho nos Açores e Madeira315-317cPrimeiras Jornadas de Proteccção do Meio Ambiente (Açores, Madeira, Canárias e Cabo Verde) 1988&Dias,E. Carretas, J. P. Cordeiro, P.%SRTA/DRA and CMAH, Angra do Heroísmo?# Saldanha, L.1992Le Prince Albert Ier de Monaco et le Colonel Chaves in Centenaire de la Dernière Campagne Océanographique du Prince Albert de Monaco aux Açores à bord de L'Hirondelle51-56 AçoreanaSupl.#Saldanha, L. Ré, P. Martins, A. F.?$#Saldanha, L. Ré, P. Martins, A. F.1992tCentenaire de la Dernière Campagne Océanographique du Prince Albert de Monaco aux Açores à bord de L' Hirondelle345 pp AçoreanaSupl.?%Santos, R. S. Martins, H. R.1987sEstudos sobre as condições ecológicas da Lagoa do Santo Cristo (Ilha de S. Jorge), em especial das suas ameijoas159-174/Relatório da VII Semana das Pescas dos Açores7(1986)o?&j)Santos, R. S. Goulart, E. Monteiro, L. R.1989|Abundância e crescimento da ameijoa Tapes decussatus na Lagoa do Santo Cristo: Aspectos da sua conservação e exploração258-286.Relatório da IX Semana das Pescas dos Açores9(1988)?'+Santos, R. S. Martins, H. R. Hawkins, S. J.1990oRelatório de estudos sobre o estado das populações de lapas do Arquipélago dos Açores e da Ilha da Madeira137-161-Relatório da X Semana das Pescas dos Açores 10 (1989)(?( Santos, R. S.1992Protecção e conservação do meio marinho nos Açores. in Saldanha, L., Ré, P. and Martins, A. F. (Eds.). Centenaire de la Dernière Campagne Océanographique du Prince Albert de Monaco aux Açores à bord de L'Hirondelle. , ,107-122 AçoreanaSupl.?)+Santos, R. S. Nash, R. D. M. Hawkins, S. J.1994DFish assemblages on intertidal shores on the island of Faial, Azores87-100 ArquipélagoLife and Marine Sciences12A{?* Santos, R. S.1995&Allopaternal care in the redlip blenny4ppJournal of Fish Biology47in press?+Santos, R. S. Nash, R. D. M.1995MSeasonal changes in a sandy beach fish assemblage at Porto Pim, Faial, Azores13pp$Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science41in press[?,X+Santos, R. S. Nash, R. D. M. Hawkins, S. J.1995bAge, growth and sex ratio of the Azorean rock-pool blenny, Parablennius sanguinolentus parvicornis4ppBJournal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom75in pressF?-;Santos, R. S. Porteiro, F. M. Barreiros, J. P. Silva, H. M.in pressDMarine fishes of the Azores: An annotated checklist and bibliography Arquipélago%Life and Marine Sciences (supplement)?. Serpa, J. de1886.-A Industria Piscatoria nas Ilhas Fayal e Pico1-18Opusculos Açorianos, IImprensa AcademicaCoimbra?/ Silva, H. M.1986aHBiologia e avaliação das principais espécies de demersais dos Açores105-113.Relatório da VI Semana das Pescas dos Açores6?0j Silva, H. M.1986bHReproduction of the forkbeard Phycis phycis (L., 1766) in Azorean waters13 ppICES CM 1986/G-60?1j Silva, H. M.1987aPAn assessment of the azorean stock of kitefin shark, Dalatias licha (Bonn. 1788)10 ppICES CM 1987/G-66?2 Silva, H. M.1987b%Estado dos stocks de goraz e abrótea197-199/Relatório da VII Semana das Pescas dos Açores7?3 Silva, H. M.1992Potencialidades pesqueiras dos Açores. in Centenaire de la Dernière Campagne Océanographique du Prince Albert de Monaco aux Açores à bord de L'Hirondelle199-215 AçoreanaSupl.$Saldanha, L. Ré, L. Martins, A. F.-?4jSilva, H. M. Krug, H. M.1992[Virtual population analysis of the forkbeard, Phycis phycis (Linnaeus, 1766), in the Azores5-12 ArquipélagoLife and Earth Sciences10?5'Silva, H. M. Krug, H. M. Menezes, G. M.1994?Bases para a Regulamentação da Pesca de Demersais nos Açores41pp!Arquivos do DOP, Série CruzeirosSérie:Estudos4?6 Steiner, L. Gordon, J.1990BCetacea sightseeing's made between 1987 and 1990 in Azorean waters16 pp3Report of the International Fund for Animal Welfare Cambridge0?7j Steiner, L.1995kRough-toothed dolphin, Steno brenadensis: a new species record for the Azores, with some notes on behaviourin press ArquipélagoLife and Marine Sciences1?8jThompson, G. B.1979YDistribution and population dynamics of the limpet Patella aspera (Lamarck) in Bantry Bay115-1352Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology40?9Tittley, I Neto, A. I.1994WMarine algae collected during "Expedition Azores 1989", with discussion of biogeography1-13 ArquipélagoLife and Marine Sciences12A?:Tucker, G. M. Heath, M. F.1994*Birds in Europe: their conservation status 600ppBirdLife InternationalBirdLife Conservation SeriesNo. 3 CambridgeD?; Vaillant, L.1888PoissonscExpéditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les années 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883Paris?<Vedel, G. Depledge, M.1995eTemperature tolerance and selected trace metal concentrations in some Azorean gastropod molluscs. , ,113-124 AçoreanaSupl.C?=j,Weeks, J. M. Rainbow, P. S. Depledge, M. H.1995tBarnacles (Chthamalus stellatus) as biomonitors of trace metal bioavailability in the waters of São Miguel (Azores)103-111 AçoreanaSupl.?>Weerdt, W. H. de1989cPhylogeny and vicariance bigeography of the north Atlantic Chalinidae (Haplosclerida, Demospongiae)55-88 Beaufortia393?? Wells, F.E.1995An investigation of marine invertebrate communities in the sediments of Ilhéu de Vila Franca off the island of São Miguel, Azores57-65 AçoreanaSupl.?@ Wheeler, A.1992DA list of common and scientific names of fishes of the British isles1-37Journal of Fish Biology41 Supplement A?AWirtz, P. Martins, H. R.1993}Notes on some rare and little known marine invertebrates from the Azores, with a discussion of the zoogeography of the region55-63 ArquipélagoLife and Marine Sciences11A?BZaferman, M. L. Sennikov, A. M.1991ZDistribution, biology and behaviour of deepwater crabs in open areas of the North Atlantic69-80VNIRO1991 >?1LMaycas, E. R. Bourdillon, A. Macquart-Moulin, C. Passelaigue, F. Patriti, G.1999nDiel variations of the bathymetric distribution of zooplankton groups and biomass in Cap-Ferret Canyon, France 2081-20999Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography4610northwestern mediterranean-sea; vertical nitrogen flux; submarine canyons; respiratory carbon; calanus-pacificus; migrant biota; near-bottom; migration; copepod; shelfThe bathymetric distribution, abundance and diel vertical migrations (DVM) of zooplankton were investigated along the axis of the Cap-Ferret Canyon (Bay of Biscay, French Atlantic coast) by a consecutive series of synchronous net hauls that sampled the whole water column (0-2000 m in depth) during a diel cycle. The distribution of appendicularians (maximum 189 individuals m(-3)), cladocerans (maximum 287 individuals m(- 3)), copepods (copepods < 4 mm, maximum 773 individuals m(-3), copepods > 4 mm, maximum 13 individuals m(-3)), ostracods (maximum 8 individuals m(-3)), siphonophores (maximum > 2 individuals m(-3)) and peracarids (maximum > 600 individuals 1000 m(-3)) were analysed and represented by isoline diagrams. The biomass of total zooplankton (maximum 18419 mu g C m(-3), 3780 mu g N m(-3)) and large copepods ( > 4 mm maximum 2256 mu g C m(-3), 425 mu g N m(-3)) also were determined. Vertical migration was absent or affected only the epipelagic zone for appendicularians, cladocerans, small copepods and siphonophores. Average amplitude of vertical migration was about 400-500 m for ostracods, some hyperiids and mysids, and large copepods, which were often present in the epipelagic, mesopelagic, and bathypelagic zones. Large copepods can constitute more than 80% of the biomass corresponding to total zooplankton. They may play an important role in the active vertical transfer of carbon and nitrogen. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.TF://000082200300007BTimes Cited: 1 English Article 229NH DEEP-SEA RES PT II-TOP ST OCE*Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.ISI:000082200300007bUniv Mediterrannee, Ctr Oceanol Marseille, OSU, CNRS,UMR 6540,DIMAR, Campus de Luminy,Case 901, F-13288 Marseille 9, France Univ Mediterrannee, Ctr Oceanol Marseille, OSU, CNRS,UMR 6540,DIMAR, F-13288 Marseille 9, France Maycas ER Univ Mediterrannee, Ctr Oceanol Marseille, OSU, CNRS,UMR 6540,DIMAR, Campus de Luminy,Case 901, F-13288 Marseille 9, Francey>?2Van der Spoel, S.1997$Pelagic biogeography and temperature185-194%Annales De L Institut Oceanographique732>zooplankton; biogeography; temperature; greenhouse-effect deep&The influence of recent temperature changes on plankton biogeography and vertical distribution are compared with temperature variations and biogeographical distributions in the geological past. The combination of food supply and temperature is determinant for vertical and horizontal distribution patterns. From studies of paleo-biogeography we have predicted patterns of changes that might take place as a result of possible future climate change. Special attention has been given to likely changes in the Vertical distribution of deep- sea animals.://0000748140000066Times Cited: 1 English Article 100JX ANN INST OCEANOGRAnn. Inst. Oceanogr.ISI:000074814000006Univ Amsterdam, Zool Museum, Mauritskade 61,PB 94766, NL-1090 GT Amsterdam, Netherlands Univ Amsterdam, Zool Museum, NL-1090 GT Amsterdam, Netherlands Van der Spoel S Univ Amsterdam, Zool Museum, Mauritskade 61,PB 94766, NL-1090 GT Amsterdam, Netherlands>?3 Sournia, A.1994Pelagic Biogeography and Fronts109-120Progress in Oceanography342-3mediterranean-sea; gulf-stream; river plume; phytoplankton distribution; zooplankton populations; spatial-distribution; english-channel; north-sea; summer; oceantFronts, in their world-wide occurrence in the oceans at all space and time scales, exert a wide range of effects on the distribution of pelagic organisms including boundary effects, mixing, concentration, taxonomic and ontogenetic selection, enhanced production, initiation of successions, vertical export, and horizontal transport; a list which is not exhaustive. Moreover, at any given time two or more may be interacting to determine distribution patterns. Thus fronts are hydrological structures which have to be given full consideration in biogeographical studies, even if some of their effects are still poorly understood.://A1994QB204000042Times Cited: 10 English Review QB204 PROG OCEANOGRProg. Oceanogr.ISI:A1994QB20400004MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,GEOL LAB,OBSERV OCEANOL ROSCOFF,CNRS INSU,43 RUE BUFFON,F-75005 PARIS,FRANCE SOURNIA A MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,GEOL LAB,OBSERV OCEANOL ROSCOFF,CNRS INSU,43 RUE BUFFON,F-75005 PARIS,FRANCEy>?59Beare, D. J. Gislason, A. Astthorsson, O. S. McKenzie, E.2000RAssessing long-term changes in early summer zooplankton communities around Iceland 1545-1561Ices Journal of Marine Science576long-term change; summer zooplankton continuous plankton records; calanus-finmarchicus; time-series; abundance; waters; biomass; northDecA summary of the Icelandic Spring Survey zooplankton data for May and June is presented for the years 1960-1996, along with time-series information on sea surface temperature. Changes in zooplankton abundance are assessed using displacement volumes and simple index numbers modelled as various functions of temporal (gear) and location (latitude and longitude) covariates. Long-term displaced volumes of zooplankton remained fairly stable although there were pronounced short-term fluctuations. Further, the proportion of specimens in each sample belonging to species with affinities of water of Atlantic type has fallen dramatically over the Icelandic Shelf since the 1960s, whereas the proportion of species with Arctic affinities has increased most markedly northeast of Iceland.://0001672240000043Times Cited: 0 English Article 406PH ICES J MAR SCIICES J. Mar. Sci.ISI:000167224000004}Dept Agr & Fisheries Scotland, Marine Lab, POB 101,Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB9 8DD, Scotland Dept Agr & Fisheries Scotland, Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB9 8DD, Scotland Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland Univ Strathclyde, Dept Stat & Modelling Sci, Glasgow G1 1XH, Lanark, Scotland Beare DJ Dept Agr & Fisheries Scotland, Marine Lab, POB 101,Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB9 8DD, Scotland >?6Heath, M. R. Astthorsson, O. S. Dunn, J. Ellertsen, B. Gaard, E. Gislason, A. Gurney, W. S. C. Hind, A. T. Irigoien, X. Melle, W. Niehoff, B. Olsen, K. Skreslet, S. Tande, K. S.2000bComparative analysis of Calanus finmarchicus demography at locations around the Northeast Atlantic 1562-1580Ices Journal of Marine Science576Atlantic; egg production; modelling stage development; time- series sampling; zooplankton copepod; sea; zooplankton; abundance; biomass; icelandDecSStandardized time-series sampling was carried out throughout 1997 at seven locations around the Northeast Atlantic to investigate regional variations in the seasonal demography of Calanus finmarchicus. Sites ranged from an inshore location in the North Sea. where C. finmarchicus formed only a small component of the zooplankton (< 10 mgC m(-2) during spring and early summer). to the shelf south of Iceland. and Weathership M in the Norwegian Sea. where the species dominated the zooplankton (> 2000 mgC m(-2) during spring and summer). The internal consistency of the demographic time-series from each site was investigated by three partial models of life-cycle processes. In general. the demography of late copepodites could be accounted for by a relatively simple forecast model of stage development and diapause. However. there M as a large discrepancy between nowcast estimates of egg production based on female abundance. temperature. and chlorophyll. and hindcast simulations of the egg production required to account for the observed abundance of early copepodite stages. The results point to a gap in our understanding of seasonal variations in rates of egg production and/or survival of nauplii. Overall. the population sampled at Weathership M appeared to be reasonably self-contained, but all other sites were reliant on invasion of overwintered stock in spring. At least two generations were observed at all but one site, but the extent to which these were generated by discrete bursts of egg production varied between sites and seemed to be partly dependent on the proximity to an overwintering location.://0001672240000053Times Cited: 1 English Article 406PH ICES J MAR SCIICES J. Mar. Sci.ISI:000167224000005Dept Agr & Fisheries Scotland, Marine Lab, POB 101,Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB9 9DB, Scotland Dept Agr & Fisheries Scotland, Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB9 9DB, Scotland Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway Fisheries Lab Faroes, FO-110 Torshavn, Faroe Isl, Denmark Univ Strathclyde, Dept Stat & Modelling Sci, Glasgow G1 1XH, Lanark, Scotland Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany Nordland Coll, Fac Fisheries & Nat Sci, N-8049 Bodo, Norway Univ Tromso, Norwegian Coll Fishery Sci, N-9037 Tromso, Norway Heath MR Dept Agr & Fisheries Scotland, Marine Lab, POB 101,Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB9 9DB, Scotland>?9THeath, M. R. Fraser, J. G. Gislason, A. Hay, S. J. Jonasdottir, S. H. Richardson, K.2000EWinter distribution of Calanus finmarchicus in the Northeast Atlantic 1628-1635Ices Journal of Marine Science576net sampling; Norwegian sea; Optical Plankton Counter; vertical distribution; zooplankton vertical migration; zooplankton; copepod; sea; abundanceDecData from plankton sampling and Optical Plankton Counter deployments during six cruises between December of 1994 and 1999 have been used to derive a composite three-dimensional distribution of the abundance of Calanus finmarchicus during winter (December-January) in the Norwegian Sea and Northeast Atlantic. There are two centres of abundance, one in the eastern Norwegian Sea and Faroe-Shetland Channel, associated with the interface between Norwegian Sea Deep Water and Intermediate Water layers, and another in the Irminger Sea southwest of Iceland in association with Labrador Sea Water. In the open Northeast Atlantic, the concentration of wintering animals is around 30% of that in the Norwegian Sea and the vertical distribution is more diffuse and on average deeper. Modelling studies have shown that the overwinter distribution and transport are key factors determining the spatial persistence of C. finmarchicus but, apart from the data presented here, there is little knowledge of these large-scale properties.://0001672240000113Times Cited: 3 English Article 406PH ICES J MAR SCIICES J. Mar. Sci.ISI:000167224000011Dept Agr & Fisheries Scotland, Marine Lab, POB 101,Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland Dept Agr & Fisheries Scotland, Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland Danish Inst Fisheries & Marine Res, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark Univ Aarhus, Dept Marine Ecol, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark Heath MR Dept Agr & Fisheries Scotland, Marine Lab, POB 101,Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland i>?:Gislason, A. Astthorsson, O. S.2000tWinter distribution, ontogenetic migration, and rates of egg production of Calanus finmarchicus southwest of Iceland 1727-1739Ices Journal of Marine Science576egg production; North Atlantic; overwintering; vertical distribution; zooplankton reproductive-biology; north-atlantic; marine copepod; water masses; st-lawrence; zooplankton; phytoplankton; fecundity; ecology; biomassDechThe winter distribution. seasonal vertical migration, and reproduction of Calanus finmarchicus in relation to water masses and chlorophyll tr were investigated southwest of Iceland between Nov ember 1996 and June 1997 as part of the TASC programme. During winter (November/December. January/February) overwintering C. finmarchicus were generally located beyond the shelf (5000-30000 individuals m(-2)); by contrast, overwintering animals were usually scarce on the banks (<800-2000 individuals m(-2)). In the Iceland Basin, overwintering C. finmarchicus resided mainly from 400 m depth to the bottom (>2000 m) at temperatures of similar to3-8 degreesC, whereas in the Irminger Basin the distribution was mainly similar to 200-1800 m in waters of similar to3-6 degreesC. During winter, most of the stock Ras present as C5 (84-86%), with a smaller proportion as C4 (12- 14%) and females (1-2%). Overwintering animals resided mainly in water of Atlantic origin, but some animals were found in Labrador Sea Water and Iceland-Scotland Ridge Overflow Water. Ascent to upper layers probably took place mainly during March and April, and continued until May. On the basis of the horizontal and vertical distribution of overwintering animals and the general surface current pattern, the banks seem to be repopulated mainly from the south. By April the spring growth of the phytoplankton was about to begin on the banks, and C. finmarchicus had started to lay eggs (0-7 eggs female(-1) d(- 1). Maximum individual rates of egg production (2-46 eggs female(-1) d(-1)) were observed in June. at the time of maximum phytoplankton biomass accumulation. During April, the population's average rate of egg production on the banks ( similar to 1000 eggs m(-2) d(-1)) was rather similar to that in the open ocean (similar to 600 eggs m(-2) d(-1)), whereas during June it was significantly higher in the oceanic region ( similar to 16 000 eggs m(-2) d(-1)) than in shelf waters (similar to 900 eggs m(-2) d(-1)), mainly because of the greater number of spawning females in the oceanic environment. (C) 2000 International Council For the Exploration of the Sea.://0001672240000193Times Cited: 3 English Article 406PH ICES J MAR SCIICES J. Mar. Sci.ISI:000167224000019Inst Marine Res, POB 1390,Skolagata 4, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland Inst Marine Res, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland Gislason A Inst Marine Res, POB 1390,Skolagata 4, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland >?;,Head, E. J. H. Harris, L. R. Campbell, R. W.2000Investigations on the ecology of Calanus spp. in the Labrador Sea. I. Relationship between the phytoplankton bloom and reproduction and development of Calanus finmarchicus in spring53-73Marine Ecology-Progress Series193Calanus finmarchicus; reproduction; spring bloom; Labrador sea seasonal development; egg-production; st-lawrence; zooplankton; waters; abundance; copepod; iceland; cycle; stratificationy During mid-May-early June 1997 observations of hydrography, phytoplankton and nitrate concentrations, and abundance and stage distribution of Calanus finmarchicus populations were made in the Labrador Sea and south of Greenland. Egg production rates were also measured for isolated C. finmarchicus females. Surface nitrate and integrated phytoplankton concentrations indicated that, in the deep water, the phytoplankton bloom had ended in the north and east, was in progress in the north central Labrador Sea and near the basin margins, and had not yet become established in an area stretching from the central Labrador Sea to the south of Greenland. C. finmarchicus egg production rates and stage distributions at stations in the 3 areas designated as early, mid- and late/post-bloom zones, suggested that development rates of the overwintered GO generation into mature adults (females and males) were probably low before the bloom, but accelerated during its development. Individual and areal rates of egg production were highest in the early bloom zone, whereas nauplii were more abundant in the bloom and late/post-bloom zones. Differences in naupliar abundance may have been related to food Limitation, or predation. Following development through to the young copepodite stages (CI-III), which were most abundant in the late/post-bloom zone, morality rates were apparently lower and growth rates less dependent on high phytoplankton concentrations and perhaps more dependent on temperature. In the Labrador Sea, where the annual growth season is relatively short and C, finmarchicus produces only 1 generation per year, the timing of the spring bloom may have a significant impact on recruitment of the new year's generation. In areas where the bloom is early and intense, maturation of the overwintered adults will be rapid and egg-laying will occur when phytoplankton concentrations are high. Subsequent survival success of eggs through to later stages will also probably be relatively high and individuals from the new year's generation will have ample time to reach stages capable of overwintering. By contrast, if the bloom is late or of low intensity, adult maturation will be delayed and egg-laying may occur when phytoplankton concentrations are low. Under these conditions relatively few eggs may survive and individuals that do survive will have a shorter period in which to attain stages which can overwinter.://0000861154000067Times Cited: 2 English Article 298AA MAR ECOL-PROGR SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.ISI:0000861154000060Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ocean Sci Div, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ocean Sci Div, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada Head EJH Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ocean Sci Div, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada>?<Astthorsson, O. S. Gislason, A.1998QEnvironmental conditions, zooplankton, and capelin in the waters north of Iceland808-810Ices Journal of Marine Science5547capelin; environment; Icelandic waters; zooplankton codAugThe waters north of Iceland are characterized by large hydrographic fluctuations. Warm and cold years are distinguished on the basis of the hydrography. Time-series data reveal that zooplankton biomass, capelin biomass, and capelin weight-at-age are ail greater during warm years than during cold years. The chain of events that links hydrographic conditions with the observed ecological variations is discussed. (C) 1998 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.://0000767542000293Times Cited: 3 English Article 134QN ICES J MAR SCIICES J. Mar. Sci.ISI:000076754200029Marine Res Inst, Skulagata 4,POB 1390, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland Astthorsson OS Marine Res Inst, Skulagata 4,POB 1390, IS-121 Reykjavik, Icelands>?=Gislason, A. Astthorsson, O. S.1998]Variability in the population structure of Calanus finmarchicus in Icelandic waters in spring811-813Ices Journal of Marine Science554;Calanus finmarchicus; Icelandic waters; spatial variabilityAug*Since 1961, long-term monitoring of zooplankton has been carried out during spring (May-June) on standard sections around Iceland. An analysis of the onshore-offshore variability in the population structure of Calanus finmarchinus during this time of the year indicates that off the east, south, and west coasts of Iceland reproduction is highest over the banks, while off the Vestirdir Peninsula breeding activities appear to be largely confined to the frontal area between the Atlantic Water close to the land and the cold Polar Water farther out. In the deep waters north-east of Iceland, where the Arctic influence is generally greatest, the percentage of juvenile stages is very low, suggesting little reproduction in these cold water masses. (C) 1998 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.://0000767542000303Times Cited: 2 English Article 134QN ICES J MAR SCIICES J. Mar. Sci.ISI:000076754200030Marine Res Inst, Skulagata 4,POB 1390, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland Gislason A Marine Res Inst, Skulagata 4,POB 1390, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland t>?>Gislason, A. Astthorsson, O. S.1998qSeasonal variations in biomass, abundance and composition of zooplankton in the subarctic waters north of Iceland85-94 Polar Biology202calanus-finmarchicus; greenland-sea; barents sea; vertical- distribution; isafjord-deep; nova-scotia; southwest; mesozooplankton; hyperboreus; glacialisAugThe seasonal variations in biomass, abundance and species composition of zooplankton in relation to hydrography and chlorophyll a were studied in the subarctic waters north of Iceland. The sampling was carried out at approximately monthly intervals from February 1993 to February 1994 at eight stations arranged along a transect extending from 66 degrees 16'N-18 degrees 50'W to 68 degrees 00'N-18 degrees 50'W. The mean temperature at 50 m depth showed a clear seasonal pattern, with lowest water temperatures in February (similar to 1.1 degrees C) and the highest in July (similar to 5.4 degrees C). The spring growth of the phytoplankton began in late March and culminated during mid-April (similar to 7.0 mg Chi a m(-3). Both the biomass and the abundance of total zooplankton were low during the winter and peaked once during the summer in late May (similar to 4 g m(-2) and similar to 38,000 individuals m(- 2)). A total of 42 species and taxonomic groups were identified in the samples. Eight taxa contributed similar to 90% of the total zooplankton number. Of these Calanus finmarchicus was by far the most abundant species (similar to 60% of the total zooplankton). Less important groups were ophiuroid larvae (similar to 9%), Pseudocalanus spp. (similar to 8%)) Metridia longa (similar to 4%), C. hyperboreus (similar to 3%), Acartia longiremis (similar to 2%), chaetognaths (similar to 2%) and euphausiid larvae (similar to 2%). The dominant copepods showed two main patterns in seasonal abundance: C. finmarchicus, C. hyperboreus and C. glacialis had one annual peak in numbers in late May, while Pseudocalanus spp., M. longa and A. longiremis showed two maxima during the summer (July) and autumn (October/November). Ophiuroid larvae and chaetognaths (mainly Sagitta elegans) peaked during the middle of July, while the number of euphausiid eggs and larvae was greatest from May to July. The succession in population structure of C. finmarchicus indicated its main spawning to be in April and May, coincident with the phytoplankton spring bloom. A minor spawning was also observed sometime between August and October. However, the offspring from this second spawning contributed only insignificantly to the overwintering stock of C. finmarchicus.://000075337900002/Times Cited: 7 English Article 109RX POLAR BIOL Polar Biol.ISI:000075337900002Marine Res Inst, Skulagata 4,POB 1390, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland Astthorsson OS Marine Res Inst, Skulagata 4,POB 1390, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland>??Gislason, A. Astthorsson, O. S.1996eSeasonal development of Calanus finmarchicus along an inshore- offshore gradient southwest of Iceland71-84Ophelia441-3zooplankton communityApr7The abundance and development of the copepod Calanus finmarchichus southwest of Iceland was studied in relation to phytoplankton biomass at three stations along a hydrographic gradient during the period February-November 1991. Following increasing stratification nearshore during April, the phytoplankton spring bloom began in the shallow area and culminated in April-May. At greater distances from the shore the stratification did not start until the middle of May and consequently the blooming began later in the deep offshore areas, probably culminating during mid to late May. The number of Calanus finmarchicus was low during the winter months and peaked twice during the summer at all three stations (May-June and July-September), reflecting the two generations of C. finmarchicus which grew up in both shallow and deep water southwest of Iceland. In both waters the spawning of the overwintered generation appeared to begin before the observed phytoplankton spring bloom. However, peak spawning of the overwintered generation approximately coincided with the phytoplankton spring bloom, while also occurring earlier nearshore (April) than farther out from the shore (May). At all three stations there was a second generation of C. finmarchicus which also hatched earlier nearshore (June) than more distant from land (June-July).://A1996UP52100006-Times Cited: 14 English Article UP521 OPHELIAOpheliaISI:A1996UP52100006MARINE RES INST,SKULAGATA 4,POB 1390,REYKJAVIK 121,ICELAND Gislason A MARINE RES INST,SKULAGATA 4,POB 1390,REYKJAVIK 121,ICELAND >?AAstthorsson, O. S. Gislason, A.1995FLong-Term Changes in Zooplankton Biomass in Icelandic Waters in Spring657-668Ices Journal of Marine Science523-4cod; icelandic waters; long-term changes; zooplankton plankton contact rates; small-scale turbulence; northeast atlantic; sea; trends; larvaeJun-Aug Since the early 1960s studies on zooplankton biomass and species composition have been carried out on standard transects during late May and early June in the waters north of Iceland. In the early 1970s the studies were extended to also cover the waters south, west, and east of the island. The present article summarizes these long-term investigations in spring for 62 stations on 9 transects. Calanus finmarchicus usually constituted about 50-80% of the number of animals in the zooplankton samples. Other species/groups of considerable importance in certain areas were C. glacialis, C. hyperboreus, Metridia longa, euphausiid larvae, and cirripede larvae. The horizontal distribution of the zooplankton biomass from shallow to deep water and in different areas was usually relatively uniform (2-4 g m(-2)), except for the frontal area between coastal and Atlantic Water south of Iceland (ca. 10 g m(-2)) and in the waters off the north-east coast beyond the shelf in the Arctic East Icelandic Current (9-11 g m(-2)). North-east of Iceland this is explained by both differences in the state of development and in the composition of the zooplankton. The difference between the highest and lowest biomass on the different transects was 7-24-fold. Principal component analysis (PCA) for the transects in the Atlantic Water south of Iceland revealed maxima in biomass during the mid-1970s, 1980s, and an upward trend since the early 1990s. Lows were observed in the Atlantic Water during the late 1970s and late 1980s. In the transitional waters north-west and north of Iceland (mixed Atlantic/Arctic) PCB demonstrated maxima in the early 1960s, late 1970s and a clear upward trend since the early 1990s. During the minima observed in the intervening periods, slight upward shifts occurred during 1971-1973 and 1984-1986. For the Arctic waters of the north-east and east coasts the PCA showed maxima during the mid-1970s, 1980s, an upward trend since the early 1990s and minima during the late 1970s and late 1980s. Thus, for both the Atlantic and Arctic Waters PCA reveals a period of approximately 10 years between maxima in biomass, while in the transitional waters (mixed Atlantic/Arctic) this period appears to be 16 years. The abundance of 0-group cod in Icelandic waters during 1974-1999 suggests strong interactions with the zooplankton on their spawning grounds and larval drift route to the south and west of Iceland. (C) 1995 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea://A1995TE368000393Times Cited: 9 English Article TE368 ICES J MAR SCIICES J. Mar. Sci.ISI:A1995TE36800039MARINE RES INST,POB 1390,SKULAGATA 4,IS-121 REYKJAVIK,ICELAND ASTTHORSSON OS MARINE RES INST,POB 1390,SKULAGATA 4,IS-121 REYKJAVIK,ICELAND 8>?BGislason, A. Astthorsson, O. S.19952Seasonal Cycle of Zooplankton Southwest of Iceland 1959-1976Journal of Plankton Research1710Toregon upwelling zone; populations; plankton; calanus; pseudocalanus; migration; seaOct1Seasonal variations in biomass, abundance and species composition of zooplankton in relation to environmental parameters and chlorophyll a were studied in both the Coastal water [salinity (S) < 35.0 parts per thousand] and the Atlantic water (S > 35.0 parts per thousand) southwest of Iceland. The sampling was carried out at approximately monthly intervals from February to November 1991. The mean temperature of the upper 50m of the water column varied greatly during the year. Lowest temperatures were recorded in March-April (5-7 degrees C) and the highest in July-August (11-12 degrees C). The spring bloom of the phytoplankton probably occurred earlier in the Coastal water (early May) than in the Atlantic water (mid-to late May) and in neither water mass was there an autumn peak in the standing stock of chlorophyll alpha. The seasonal variations in both biomass and abundance of total zooplankton followed more or less those of the most abundant zooplankters, and were characterized by a seasonal low during the winter and two maxima during the summer (May-June) and early autumn (July- September). In the Coastal water, Calanus finmarchicus was the most abundant species (similar to 33% of the total zooplankton), followed by Temora longicornis (similar to 27%), Evadne nordmanni (similar to 17%), Podon leuckarti (similar to 8%) and Pseudocalanus spp. (similar to 6%). On the other hand, in the Atlantic water the plankton were completely dominated by C. fumarchicus (similar to 92%), while euphausiid eggs and larvae ranked second (similar to 3%) and third (similar to 2%), respectively. The annual mean dry weight biomass was about one and a half times greater in the Coastal water (similar to 6 g m(-2)) than in the Atlantic water (similar to 4 g m(-2)). Further, the annual mean abundance was approximately four times higher in the Coastal water (similar to 120 000 individuals m(- 2)) compared to the Atlantic water (similar to 32 000 individuals m(-2)). This is presumably reflecting the higher production of the zooplankton community in Coastal water compared to Atlantic water.://A1995TD916000074Times Cited: 10 English Article TD916 J PLANKTON RESJ. Plankton Res.ISI:A1995TD91600007MARINE RES INST,SKULAGATA 4,POB 1390,IS-121 REYKJAVIK,ICELAND GISLASON A MARINE RES INST,SKULAGATA 4,POB 1390,IS-121 REYKJAVIK,ICELAND>?CGislason, A. Astthorsson, O. S.1992LZooplankton Collected by Sediment Trap Moored in Deep-Water South of Iceland219-224Sarsia773-48euthecosomatous pteropods; norwegian sea; flux; swimmersThe seasonal abundance of deep-water zooplankton occurring in a sediment trap moored at 600 m depth south of Iceland was studied from integrated monthly samples during the period November 1986-September 1989. Copepods, ostracods and pteropods usually made up 70-90 % of the animals in the samples. A total of 73 species and other taxa were found in the trap material of which the four most abundant ones were, in declining order of abundance, Limacina retroversa (FLEMMING) which showed peak abundance in January-February, Conchoecia borealis G.O. SARS which reached maximum abundance in July-September, Euchaeta norvegica BOECK with maxima in March or June-July and Calanus finmarchicus (GUNNERUS) which showed maximum numbers in February-March. The following 12 species, which occurred in the sediment trap, are reported as new for Iceland: Nausithoe globifera BROCH (Scyphomedusae); Conchoecia lophura MULLER, C. elegans G.O. SARS, C. ametra MULLER (Ostracoda); Spinocalanus magnus WOLFENDEN, Aetideopsis multiserrata (WOLFENDEN), Candacia elongata (BOECK) (Copepoda); Eurycope murrayi WALKER (Isopoda); Cyphocaris anonyx BOECK, Scina borealis (G.O. SARS), S. tullbergi (BOVALLIUS) (Amphipoda) and Gennadas elegans (SMITH) (Natantia).://A1992KG43200005+Times Cited: 5 English Article KG432 SARSIASarsiaISI:A1992KG43200005MARINE RES INST,SKULAGATA 4,POB 1390,121 REYKJAVIK,ICELAND GISLASON A MARINE RES INST,SKULAGATA 4,POB 1390,121 REYKJAVIK,ICELAND >?DAstthorsson, O. S. Gislason, A.1992^Investigations on the Ecology of the Zooplankton Community in Isafjord-Deep, Northwest Iceland225-236Sarsia773-4Ywestern sweden; northern norway; kosterfjorden; balsfjorden; abundance; dynamics; calanusQuantity and composition of zooplankton at three stations in Isafjord-deep, northwest Iceland, were studied from February 1987 to February 1988 Sampling was made with 335 mum mesh Bongo-net at approximately monthly intervals along with hydrographic measurements and measurements of chlorophyll a concentrations. Spring warming of the water began in early May and maximum temperatures (8-10-degrees-C) were observed during July-September. The phytoplankton bloom started in early April, maximum chlorophyll a levels were observed in late April to the middle of May (c. 8 mg Chl a/m3), and a smaller 'autumn increase' was again observed in July to August (c. 3 mg Chl a/m3). The total zooplankton volume was highest in August (c. 32 ml/100 m3) while it was lowest in February 1987 (< 1 ml/m3). During the winter months euphausiids dominated in terms of volume (> 90 %) while during the summer months the combined volume of fish larvae and 'other zooplankton' (mainly copepods and cirripedes) was similar to that of the euphausiids. The total number of zooplankton stayed small through April. Increasing number through the following months led to a maximum in August (c. 90 000 individuals/100 m3), after which numbers decreased sharply to low winter levels. A total of 40 species and groups was recorded in Isafjord-deep, but only six (Acartia spp., Calanus finmarchicus, Pseudocalanus elongatus, Temora longicornis, Balanus balanoides and Verruca stroemia) usually constituted 80-90 % of the total zooplankton number, The dominant holoplanktonic copepods showed similar changes throughout the year, with a pronounced maximum in August. C. finmarchicus overwintered at copepodite stages IV and V and the overwintering generation spawned during late March and early April. Only a part of the spring generation became mature in June to produce the second generation during the year; the majority remained at younger copepodite stages during The summer and autumn and did not become mature until the following spring. The spring spawning of C. finmarchicus in March-April appeared to be closely linked to the phytoplankton spring bloom, while at that time the temperature in Isafjord-deep was near the annual low.://A1992KG43200006+Times Cited: 5 English Article KG432 SARSIASarsiaISI:A1992KG43200006MARINE RES INST,SKULAGATA 4,POB 1390,121 REYKJAVIK,ICELAND ASTTHORSSON OS MARINE RES INST,SKULAGATA 4,POB 1390,121 REYKJAVIK,ICELAND >?GRDadou, I. Lamy, F. Rabouille, C. Ruiz-Pino, D. Andersen, V. Bianchi, M. Garcon, V.2001An integrated biological pump model from the euphotic zone to the sediment: a 1-D application in the Northeast tropical Atlantic 2345-23819Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography4810oceanic primary production; dissolved organic-carbon; particle mixing rates; early diagenesis; central pacific; eumeli program; sargasso sea; mixed-layer; deep-ocean; matterA coupled one-dimensional biogeochemical/physical model is developed to follow the organic matter fluxes from the upper ocean to the sea floor. The biogeochemical model is a nitrogen- based seven-compartment model including nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, two pools of dissolved organic matter, and two size classes of detrital material. Particle dynamics are considered through the water column as well as organic matter deposition and mineralization in the superficial sediments. The model is applied at the EUMELI oligotrophic site (21 degreesN, 31 degreesW) where different seasons were sampled in 1991-1992 and sediment trap data collected continuously over the same period. The model, forced with the reanalyzed ECMWF fluxes for these years, reproduces satisfactorily the weak seasonal variability of phytoplankton concentration as well as the exported nitrogen fluxes. Annual primary production (65 g C/m(2)/yr) is sustained mainly by remineralization of DON and zooplankton excretion. Export production at 150 m is ensured by large particles, the DON export contributing only 31% of the total export. The POC export represents 1.3% of the primary production. Including nutrient horizontal advection in the model to mimic any lateral Ekman transfer from the enriched neighboring subtropical gyre (5.5 mmol N/m(2)/yr over the first 150 m estimated from optimization) induces an annual primary production of 73 g C/m(2)/yr, closer to Morel et al.'s (Deep- Sea Res. I 43(8) (1996) 1273-1304) estimate (110 g C/m(2)/yr). Estimated mean carbon fluxes at 1000 and 4400 m depth compare well with sediment trap data, 2 mg C/m(2)/d and 1 mg C/m(2)/d, respectively. Remineralization and disaggregation are the dominant processes below 150 m, aggregation playing a minor role. Observed continuous particulate organic matter fluxes over both years show a more variable evolution than the modeled one. This could be due to mesoscale circulation in the area, or subduction of water masses from the Mauritania upwelling. The modeled seasonal variability of dissolved matter fluxes at the water-sediment interface is very weak, as expected. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000169098200010BTimes Cited: 2 English Article 439EQ DEEP-SEA RES PT II-TOP ST OCE*Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.ISI:000169098200010LEGOS, CNRS, UPS, UMR5566, 18 Ave Edouard Berlin, F-31401 Toulouse 4, France LEGOS, CNRS, UPS, UMR5566, F-31401 Toulouse 4, France LMM, CNRS EP2032, F-13288 Marseille, France CEA, UMR CNRS, LSCE, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France Univ Paris 06, LPCM, F-75230 Paris 05, France Observ Oceanol, Stn Zool, ESA 7076, F-06234 Villefranche Sur Mer, France Garcon V LEGOS, CNRS, UPS, UMR5566, 18 Ave Edouard Berlin, F-31401 Toulouse 4, France>?QFrank, T. M. Widder, E. A.1997The correlation of downwelling irradiance and staggered vertical migration patterns of zooplankton in Wilkinson Basin, Gulf of Maine 1975-1991Journal of Plankton Research1912chaoborus-punctipennis larvae; deep-sea crustaceans; diel migrations; mesopelagic community; northeast atlantic; light- intensity; behavioral sensitivity; uv-light; near-uv; distributionsDecField studies on the characteristics of light that influence vertical migrations in the mesopelagic realm are sparse, due to the difficulty in simultaneously monitoring changes in species distributions with changes in downwelling irradiance. Using the Johnson-Sea-Link submersible as a platform, in situ measurements of the changes in downwelling irradiance at sunset were made simultaneously with observations on changes in animal distribution patterns in Wilkinson Basin, Gulf of Maine. The results indicate that the vertical migrations for several species of large zooplankton are staggered, with euphausiids (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) migrating first, cydippid ctenophores (Euplokamus) migrating next, and two species of caridean shrimp (Dichelopandalus leptocerus and Pasiphaea multidentata) migrating last. Data collected on daytime dives indicate that the daytime depth distribution is not solely responsible for the migration order, and that different species may be responding to different cues, or have different thresholds for the same cue.://0000716348000103Times Cited: 4 English Article YT705 J PLANKTON RESJ. Plankton Res.ISI:000071634800010Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA Frank TM Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA ~?Y:Smith, K. L. Kaufmann, R. S. Edelman, J. L. Baldwin, R. J.1992Abyssopelagic Fauna in the Central North Pacific - Comparison of Acoustic Detection and Trawl and Baited Trap Collections to 5800-M659-6856Deep-Sea Research Part a-Oceanographic Research Papers393-4Adeep-sea; necrophagous amphipod; eurythenes-gryllus; atlantic- ocean; vertical-distribution; scavenging amphipods; temporal variation; target strength; abyssal-plain; zooplanktonMar-AprAn integrated study using an acoustic array, opening-closing trawl and baited traps was conducted at an abyssal station in the central North Pacific (31-degrees-N, 159-degrees-W) to further characterize the near-bottom community. Two split-beam line arrays with beam patterns narrow in the vertical and omnidirectional in the horizontal were moored at 100 and 600 m above bottom (mab), sampling an insonified volume of 7855 m3 each. In addition, a multiple opening-closing trawl (10 m2 mouth opening) and baited traps were used to sample the fauna up to 1800 mab. Fourteen deployments of the acoustic arrays during two cruises detected 26 targets, with twice as many at 100 mab as at 600 mab (2.10 vs 0.97 targets h-1). Backscatter strengths for acoustic targets ranged from -57.2 to -26.8 dB. A total of 31 species, at least eight previously undescribed, were identified from trawl and trap collections within 1800 m of the sea floor. Of these new species, four of the decapod genus Hymenodora and one eel, Monognathus rosenblatti, were the most abundant animals collected by trawl. Other species commonly collected in baited traps included Acanthephyra quadrispinosa (Crustacea, Decapoda), Eurythenes gryllus (Crustacea, Amphipoda), and Coryphaenoides yaquinae (Osteichthyes, Macrouridae). Acoustic target abundances ranged from 0 to 1.6 animals per 10(5) m3 per deployment, while values measured with the trawl ranged from 1.4 to 11.9 animals per 10(5) m3. Biomass of the acoustic targets, estimated using a tentative identification based on size, and a series of regressions based on target strength and animal length and weight, ranged form 0 to 72.3 g wet weight per 10(5) m3. Biomass estimates from the trawl samples ranged form 0.2 to 6.7 g wet weight per 10(5) m3. The large number of new species collected during this study and the variability in sampling sparse populations using three different sampling techniques illustrate how little we know about the abyssopelagic community.://A1992HR30900016BTimes Cited: 7 English Article HR309 DEEP-SEA RES PT A-OCEANOG RESISI:A1992HR30900016UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,DIV MARINE BIOL RES,0202,LA JOLLA,CA 92093 SMITH KL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,DIV MARINE BIOL RES,0202,LA JOLLA,CA 92093>?[ Ottens, J. J.1992[April and August Northeast Atlantic Surface-Water Masses Reflected in Planktic Foraminifera261-283#Netherlands Journal of Sea Research284}cold-core eddy; phytoplankton growth; azores front; canary basin; eastern; zooplankton; circulation; chlorophyll; shelf; flowMar?Northeast Atlantic surface water masses and corresponding frontal zones were alike in April and August, although April frontal zones were enlarged compared to August. The observed water masses and fronts are the Subpolar Water (SW), the Subpolar Front (SF), the North Atlantic Current (NAC), North Atlantic Transitional Water (NATW), the Azores Frontal Zone (AFZ) and the Azores Current (AC). During August, clusters of relative and absolute frequencies of planktic foraminifera corresponded with water masses as conventionally distinguished on oceanic conditions. However, the distinct faunal assemblages deviated from the observed oceanic regime in April, when the transition between the immutable winter and the highly variable spring periods resulted in broad frontal zones. Under those conditions absolute frequencies and information indices prove to be better suited to characterize oceanic conditions than assemblage composition. The highly mixed and migrating fronts strongly influenced the planktic community and affected the horizontal as well as vertical species distribution.://A1992HX793000023Times Cited: 5 English Article HX793 NETH J SEA RESNeth. J. Sea Res.ISI:A1992HX79300002FREE UNIV AMSTERDAM,INST EARTH SCI,CTR GEOMARINE,DE BOELELAAN 1085,1081 HV AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS OTTENS JJ FREE UNIV AMSTERDAM,INST EARTH SCI,CTR GEOMARINE,DE BOELELAAN 1085,1081 HV AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS ;>?_ Rossby, T.1999On gyre interactions139-1649Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography461-2north-atlantic current; gulf-stream meanders; potential vorticity; surrounding waters; fluid exchange; cape-hatteras; sargasso sea; variability; transport; circulationThe principal meeting point of the subtropical and subpolar gyres of the North Atlantic is at the Tail of the Grand Banks where the two western boundary currents, the Gulf Stream and Labrador Current, join forces as the North Atlantic Current, which flows northeast almost 10 degrees in latitude before turning east as the Subpolar Front, ultimately feeding the Labrador and Nordic Seas and the thermohaline overturning. After the Gulf Stream turns into the North Atlantic Current at the Grand Banks, its role shifts from a wind-driven current to a link in the large-scale thermohaline circulation. The processes governing this transition, in particular the continued transport north of mass and heat, are questions of considerable climatic importance. The North Atlantic Current is a very unusual western boundary current in that its mass transport decreases in the downstream direction. The mean path and annual shifting of the eastward flowing Gulf Stream is conjectured to result from a time-varying shelf-Slope Water overflow of waters from the Labrador shelf. As the volume transport increases in fall and deepens the Slope Water pycnocline, it forces the Gulf Stream south and deepens the Sargasso Sea thermocline as well. The timing of these steps governs the June maximum in baroclinic transport. There is some evidence that this 'back-door' gyre interaction may operate on interannual time scales as well. The question then arises whether the shelf-to-Slope Water Sea transport also plays a role in governing the separation of the Gulf Stream. The widely observed robustness of the width of the Gulf Stream appears to result from a tight balance between the release of available potential energy and the kinetic energy of the current. A broader current would release more energy than can be 'disposed of', while a narrower current requires more kinetic energy than is available to sustain it. It is shown that for plausible dissipation rates in the recirculation gyres, the amount of energy that needs to be expelled from the Gulf Stream is such a small fraction of that advected through as to be vitually undetectable, hence the stiffness of the current. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000079477500008BTimes Cited: 3 English Article 182AZ DEEP-SEA RES PT II-TOP ST OCE*Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.ISI:000079477500008Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Kingston, RI 02881 USA Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Kingston, RI 02881 USA Rossby T Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Kingston, RI 02881 USA~>?a Grant, G. C.1991Chaetognatha from the Central and Southern Middle Atlantic Bight - Species Composition, Temperature-Salinity Relationships, and Interspecific Associations33-40Fishery Bulletin891Ntemporal abundance patterns; western north-atlantic; oceanic chaetognaths; bayJanEighteen species of chaetognaths were identified from shelf waters in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Species composition in the water column and the hyponeuston was nearly identical, but the percent frequencies of the more common cold-temperate species were generally lower in surface collections. Mean surface salinity, weighted for abundance of individual chaetognath species in the hyponeuston collections, varied from 32.6 and 32.8 parts per thousand for the coastal- and estuarine-inhabiting Sagitta tenuis and Parasagitta elegans, to 34.8 and 34.9 for the offshore Pterosagitta draco and Krohnitta pacifica. Weighted mean temperatures ranged from below 14- degrees-C for Mesosagitta minima, P. elegans, and Serratosagitta tasmanica to over 24-degrees-C for K. pacifica. Overall association among Middle Atlantic Bight chaetognaths, measured for the 15 most frequent species in 716 collections by variance ratio, was significantly positive. Association between pairs of species was therefore also largely positive, with the important exception of Parasagitta elegans. This species, with a unique regional niche in low salinities and temperatures, was negatively associated (p < 0.01) with five warm-water species (Krohnitta pacifica, Ferosagitta hispida, Sagitta tenuis, Sagitta helenae, and Flaccisagitta enflata). Most species reached maximum abundance at the surface near midnight. Exceptions included Sagitta helenae, with daylight maxima, and Krohnitta pacifica, Ferosagitta hispida and Serratosagitta serratodentata, showing crepuscular increases in abundance.://A1991FE84000004.Times Cited: 4 English Article FE840 FISH BULL Fish. Bull.ISI:A1991FE84000004VIRGINIA INST MARINE SCI,GLOUCESTER POINT,VA 23062 COLL WILLIAM & MARY,SCH MARINE SCI,GLOUCESTER POINT,VA 23062 GRANT GC VIRGINIA INST MARINE SCI,GLOUCESTER POINT,VA 23062 >?b'Haury, L. Fey, C. Newland, C. Genin, A.2000DZooplankton distribution around four eastern North Pacific seamounts69-105Progress in Oceanography451tthermohaline structure; fieberling seamount; copepod carcasses; topography; patchiness; currents; guyot; ocean; flowThe effects of seamounts on the distribution of zooplankton were investigated at four seamounts in the northeastern Pacific. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) mesoscale gaps of reduced abundance of migrating zooplankton develop over seamounts every night; (2) fine-scale patchiness is augmented within these gaps and in the region downstream of seamounts; and (3) increased numbers of crustacean carcasses occur over seamounts. Gaps are expected because most zooplankton that descend over shallow topography at dawn are either eaten by resident predators or are advected off the summit, while fine- scale patchiness should result from lateral shear between the gap and the surrounding zooplankton-rich waters. Copepod carcasses should be more abundant over seamounts than the surrounding water because of the increased predation at seamounts. Zooplankton distributions were determined from net samples and acoustic records. Water column properties were measured with a CTD and hydrocasts, and currents by moored current meters, acoustic current profilers and drifter drogues. Zooplankton gaps were found over three of the four seamounts surveyed, but not on every survey of each seamount. Only three of the surveys provided the information necessary to test the patchiness hypothesis; on two of these increased patchiness and carcass abundance were found associated with gaps. When no gap was observed over a seamount, there was no evidence of increased carcass abundance or enhanced patchiness, indicating that the three phenomena are temporally and spatially linked. Copepod carcasses were found in the intestines of small fish sampled at the same time as the zooplankton. The fish, along with crustacean predators like euphausiids, are the likely source for the carcasses. Seamounts appear to be an important cause of enhanced zooplankton patchiness on scales ranging from 100s of meters to areas larger than the seamounts themselves. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://0000861812000031Times Cited: 1 English Review 299DV PROG OCEANOGRProg. Oceanogr.ISI:000086181200003OUniv Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Life Res Grp, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Life Res Grp, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA Hebrew Univ, H Steinitz Marine Biol Lab, IL-88103 Eilat, Israel Haury L Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Life Res Grp, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA w>?cCoutis, P. F. Middleton, J. H.1999MFlow-topography interaction in the vicinity of an isolated, deep ocean island 1633-16526Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers469tropical pacific; rotating flow; cobb seamount; west-indies; circulation; chlorophyll; barbados; distributions; disturbance; eddiesSepThe results of two oceanographic surveys designed to delineate the flow response near Cato Island (155 degrees 32'E, 23 degrees 15'S) in the Western Coral Sea are presented. The surveys were conducted in October 1992 and February 1993 and coincided with conditions of strong, steady incident currents and relatively weak, variable currents, respectively. For the strong inflow case study, a surface-intensified cyclonic eddy observed in the wake of the island was co-incident with a zone of strong upwelling. Isotherm displacements within the eddy were in excess of 90 m. The lee side response was strongly depth dependent, with recirculation confined to the upper 120 m. A dynamical systems approach incorporating ADCP data was used to compute Lagrangian trajectories numerically for particles released at various locations in the wake zone. There was no evidence of enhanced chlorophyll concentrations downstream of the island. Comparisons with other dynamically similar studies indicate that eddy shedding is likely during periods of steady incident currents. During the second survey, weaker incident currents resulted in a less pronounced flow disturbance. Small isothermal displacements were capped beneath the strong seasonal thermocline. Lee side currents were weak and variable, with recirculation confined to the upper 50 m, A strong biological response was observed downstream, with increased integrated chlorophyll content and zooplankton biomass in the lee providing evidence of the island mass effect. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000081843700007BTimes Cited: 4 English Article 223LZ DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:000081843700007OQueensland Univ Technol, Ctr Stat Sci & Ind Math, POB 2434, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia Queensland Univ Technol, Ctr Stat Sci & Ind Math, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia Univ New S Wales, Math & Oceanog Lab, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia Coutis PF Queensland Univ Technol, Ctr Stat Sci & Ind Math, POB 2434, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia>?dSaltzman, J. Wishner, K. F.1997kZooplankton ecology in the eastern tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone above a seamount: 1. General trends907-9306Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers446nvertical-distribution; ocean; deep; sea; plankton; layer; nitrification; micronekton; temperature; adaptationsJunThe distribution of zooplankton in the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the eastern tropical Pacific and near a seamount was investigated. The oxygen minimum layer appeared to be an important factor influencing the vertical distribution of zooplankton taxa below the thermocline. The maximum zooplankton in terms of biomass and numbers was in the thermocline zone, with a secondary maximum in the depth zone that included the lower OMZ interface (600-1000 m). Most taxonomic groups showed this secondary peak in abundance in the lower OMZ interface depth zone and minimum abundances above it. The secondary maximum in zooplankton at the lower OMZ interface seems to be unique to OMZ regions. Only larvaceans and mollusks did not appear to be strongly influenced by the minimum concentrations of oxygen. Four vertical distribution patterns characteristic of different taxonomic groups may be indicative of their different tolerances to minimum oxygen concentrations. The physical intrusion of the seamount (summit at 730 m depth) did not cause major changes in the distribution of pelagic zooplankton. Significant biological and physical differences between locations above and away from the seamount were found only within the upper OMZ (100-300 m). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.://000071350200001BTimes Cited: 8 English Article YQ117 DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:000071350200001Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA Saltzman J Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA >?eSaltzman, J. Wishner, K. F.1997~Zooplankton ecology in the eastern tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone above a seamount: 2. Vertical distribution of copepods931-9546Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers446]boundary-layer zooplankton; calanoid copepods; arabian sea; deep; rates; ocean; system; basinJun3 The abundance and vertical distribution (0-1230 m) of copepods were studied in the eastern tropical Pacific near the seamount Volcano 7 to examine the influence of the extreme oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Maximum zooplankton biomass and copepod abundance were in the thermocline zone. A secondary peak in biomass and copepod abundance was evident between 600 and 1000 m, which included the depth of the lower interface of the OMZ. This prominent secondary peak in zooplankton is a feature unique to OMZ regions. There were four general trends of vertical distribution of copepod abundance. These trends appeared to be related to the oxygen concentration and gradients. The most common vertical distribution was a pattern of maximum abundance in the mixed layer and thermocline zones, with a secondary maximum in the zone of the lower OMZ interface (600-1000 m). Clausocalanus spp., Oncaea, spp., Euchaeta spp., Oithona spp. and Corycaeus spp. showed this trend. Low oxygen concentration did not appear to restrict these groups, since they were present throughout the OMZ. The second vertical distributional pattern was vertical migration between the thermocline and the OMZ. Pleuromamma robusta showed this pattern, with maximum abundance al night in the thermocline zone and during the day in the core of the OMZ. In addition, there was a secondary maximum of abundance at the lower OMZ interface zone. The third type of distribution was shown by copepods that were abundant in the upper OMZ and at the lower OMZ interface zones. Eucalanus inermis, Haloptilus paralongicirrus and Heterostylites longicornis were dominant copepod species that exhibited this pattern. They were either absent from the mixed layer or at similar abundances in the mixed layer and upper OMZ. The fourth pattern was shown by copepod species that live primarily above the OMZ day and night. The majority of the species appeared to be tolerant of the extreme low oxygen concentrations. Rhincalanus spp. was the dominant copepod that was excluded by low oxygen concentrations. In general, species also found in other OMZ regions showed similar distributions in this study, indicating that low oxygen is a major controlling factor. Some vertical niche separation among congeneric species was indicated for Eucalanidae, Metridiidae and Augaptilidae. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.://000071350200002CTimes Cited: 11 English Article YQ117 DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:000071350200002Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA Saltzman J Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA 3>?fMullineaux, L. S. Mills, S. W.1997EA test of the larval retention hypothesis in seamount-generated flows745-&6Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers445tall isolated seamount; thermohaline structure; fieberling- guyot; deep-sea; invertebrate larvae; cobb-seamount; north pacific; ocean; currents; zooplanktonMayDistributions of larvae of benthic invertebrates in the water column near Fieberling Guyot, a tall seamount in the eastern tropical Pacific, were compared with studies of physical oceanographic processes in an effort to test the hypothesis that larvae are retained in seamount-generated flows. Field measurements of currents during 1990 and 1991 had shown that flows near the seamount were driven by tidal rectification, resulting in anticyclonic circulation over the summit and a vertical-radial circulation cell characterized by downwelling at the seamount center, outwelling at the level of the rim, and inward return flows above the level of the rim. No persistent, bottom-trapped, stagnant region was detected on the seamount, but the tidally rectified vertical-radial circulation could theoretically retain larvae. Larval abundances quantified in net samples collected near the seamount in September of 1989 and 1990 were slightly higher near the seamount center than over the flank or base (far field), but did not show the distinct, bottom-trapped aggregation expected from retention in a classic Taylor cap. Larval abundance patterns over the broad region of the seamount (even at the far field sampling locations) were, however, consistent with retention in the tidally rectified circulation. Hydroid colonization on settlement plates suspended on moorings for 6-and 13-month periods (an indirect measure of hydroid larval abundance) was concentrated over a narrow depth range (450-650 m) but extended radially over 40 km away from the seamount center, a pattern also consistent with larval transport and retention in the. tidally-rectified circulation cell. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.://A1997XD90300002CTimes Cited: 10 English Article XD903 DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:A1997XD90300002yWOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT BIOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543 Mullineaux LS WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT BIOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543 f>?gDower, J. F. Mackas, D. L.1996D''Seamount effects'' in the zooplankton community near Cobb Seamount837-8586Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers436large calanoid copepods; trapped waves; pacific-ocean; north pacific; isolated topography; flow; ordination; island; phytoplankton; rockfishesJun Oceanic seamounts often support large nektonic stocks. Since the mid-1950s it has been believed that this high productivity results, in part, from biological response to the physical interaction between oceanic currents and the abrupt topographic profiles represented by most seamounts. The ''classic theory'' for the production/maintenance of seamount nektonic stocks suggests that (i) the combination of localized upwelling and the trapping/concentrating action of closed anticyclonic vortices (i.e. Taylor cones) enhance local primary production, (ii) thereby promoting local secondary productivity that, (iii) supports local nektonic populations. Here we test one element of this theory: whether proximity to a shallow seamount is associated with changes in zooplankton abundance and species composition. Zooplankton samples were collected near Cobb Seamount, a shallow (<100 m) northeast Pacific seamount 50-km west of Vancouver Island. Both upwelling and closed recirculations occur at Cobb Seamount, but the latter is confined to depths >100 m and is not an effective retention mechanism. Total zooplankton abundance did not vary significantly on- versus off-seamount. However, using a variety of nonparametric multivariate techniques we demonstrate that a ''seamount effect'' on zooplankton-community composition is detectable up to 30 km from the seamount summit. This effect is superimposed on (and locally much stronger than) the expected slow decline in resemblance as between-sample geographic distance increases. Possible mechanisms by which this effect operates include: differential growth or reproduction, differential mortality and behavioral or migratory effects. The on-off seamount differences are accounted for largely by the increased relative abundances of two fast-growing opportunists, doliolids (Dolioletta sp.) and larvaceans (Oikopleura sp.), near Cobb Seamount. Predation pressure from seamount fish and active avoidance of the seamount by zooplankton may also play a role in generating the seamount effect. The absence of an effective trapping mechanism and the fact that total 2ooplankton abundance does not increase near the seamount lead us to conclude that the bottom-up model of localized energy transfer proposed under the ''classic hypothesis'' is incorrect for Cobb Seamount: nektonic stocks at Cobb Seamount (and, possibly, other shallow seamounts) are more likely supported by how-through (i.e. advected) rather than local production. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.://A1996VL00300003BTimes Cited: 5 English Article VL003 DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:A1996VL00300003UNIV VICTORIA,DEPT BIOL,VICTORIA,BC V8W 2Y2,CANADA INST OCEAN SCI,SIDNEY,BC V8L 4B2,CANADA UNIV VICTORIA,DEPT BIOL,VICTORIA,BC V8W 2Y2,CANADA>?n.Haury, L. Fey, C. Gal, G. Hobday, A. Genin, A.19951Copepod Carcasses in the Ocean .1. Over Seamounts57-63Marine Ecology-Progress Series1231-3copepod; carcass; seamount; predation benthopelagic plankton; migrating zooplankton; new-england; deep-sea; predation; micronekton; community; calanus; pacific; preyJulIHigher abundances of copepods with external damage or in various states of internal decay have been found in shallow waters over banks, ridges and seamounts than in the surrounding waters. The increase occurred in 3 of 5 sets of multiple opening-closing net tows taken at Fieberling Guyot, Northeast Bank and Sixtymile Bank, west of San Diego, California, USA. Large numbers of copepod carcasses were also found above the summit of Jasper Seamount. The carcasses are attributed to higher levels of predation over shallow topographic features due to resident organisms that ascend above the summits at night to feed. At Fieberling Guyot (summit depth of about 500 m), this migration was at least 400 m above the summit. Carcasses identical to those collected in the net tows were produced in the laboratory by euphausiids feeding on copepods.://A1995RQ341000077Times Cited: 6 English Article RQ341 MAR ECOL-PROGR SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.ISI:A1995RQ34100007UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,MARINE LIFE RES GRP,LA JOLLA,CA 92093 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,H STEINITZ MARINE BIOL LAB,IL-88103 ELAT,ISRAEL HAURY L UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,MARINE LIFE RES GRP,LA JOLLA,CA 92093>?oFMourino, B. Fernandez, E. Serret, P. Harbour, D. Sinha, B. Pingree, R.2001vVariability and seasonality of physical and biological fields at the Great Meteor Tablemount (subtropical NE Atlantic)167-185Oceanologica Acta242physical variability; phytoplankton; primary production; seamount; subtropical Atlantic seamount-trapped waves; north-atlantic; tidal currents; cobb seamount; thermohaline structure; fieberling-seamount; sargasso sea; ocean; flow; circulationMar-AprFive oceanographic surveys were conducted at the Great Meteor Tablemount (subtropical NE Atlantic; 30.0 degreesN, 28.5 degreesW) throughout the 1992-1999 period tc, investigate temporal variability in the relationship between the physical structure of the water column associated with the seamount and phytoplankton biomass and/or production rates. Local increases in chlorophyll a, enhanced carbon incorporation rates and changes in phytoplankton species composition were associated with the seamount. These effects were subjected to a large degree of temporal and spatial variability both at seasonal and shorter time scales. (C) 2001 Ifremer/CNRS/LRD/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.://0001691945000061Times Cited: 0 English Article 440VD OCEANOL ACTA Oceanol. ActaISI:000169194500006uUniv Vigo, Dept Ecol & Biol Anim, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36200, Spain Univ Vigo, Dept Ecol & Biol Anim, Vigo 36200, Spain SAHFOS, Plymouth PL1 3BN, Devon, England Southampton Ocean Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England MBA Citadel Hill Lab, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England Mourino B Univ Vigo, Dept Ecol & Biol Anim, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36200, Spain 2>?p,Jaroslow, G. E. Smith, D. K. Tucholke, B. E.2000{Record of seamount production and off-axis evolution in the western North Atlantic Ocean, 25 degrees 25 '-27 degrees 10 ' N 2721-2736+Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth105B2ridge-transform intersections; east pacific rise; gravity- anomalies; rift-valley; magmatic accretion; spreading ridges; fracture-zone; segmentation; morphology; 26-degrees-nFeb 10Using multibeam bathymetry, we identified 86 axial and 1290 off-axis seamounts on the western flank of the (near-circular volcanoes with heights greater than or equal to 70 m) in an area of 75,000 km(2) Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), 25 degrees 25'N to 27 degrees 10'N, extending: similar to 400 km from the inner rift valley floor to similar to 29 Ma crust. Our study shows that seamounts are la common morphological feature of the North-Atlantic seafloor. Seamount-producing volcanism: occurs primarily on the inner rift valley floor, and few, if any, seamounts are formed on the rift valley walls or the ridge flank. The high abundance of off-axis seamounts is consistent with 1-3 km wide sections of oceanic crust being transferred intact from the axial valley to the ridge flank; on crust >4 Ma. Significant changes in seamount abundances, sizes, and shapes are attributed to the effects of faulting between similar to 0.6 and 2 m.y. off axis in the lower rift valley walls. Few seamounts are completely destroyed by (inward facing) faults, and population abundances are-similar to those on axis. However, faulting reduces the characteristic height of the seamount-population significantly. In the upper portions of the rift valley, on 2-4 Ma crust, crustal aging processes (sedimentation and mass wasting), together with additional outward facing faults, destroy and degrade a significant number of seamounts. Beyond the crest of the rift mountains (>4 Ma crust) faulting is no longer active, and changes in the off- axis seamount population reflect crustal aging processes as well as temporal changes in seamount production that occurred at the ridge axis. Estimates of population density for off-axis seamounts show a positive correlation to crustal thickness inferred from analysis of gravity,data, suggesting that increased seamount production accompanies increased magma input:at the ridge axis. We find no systematic variations in seamount population density along isochron within individual ridge segments. Possible explanations are that along-axis production of seamounts is uniform or that seamount production is enhanced in some regions (e.g., segment centers), but many seamounts do not meet our counting criteria because they are masked by younger volcanic eruptions and low-relief flows.://000085208800003>Times Cited: 2 English Article 282GC J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID EARTHJ. Geophys. Res.-Solid EarthISI:000085208800003Sea Educ Assoc, POB 6, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA Sea Educ Assoc, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA Tucholke BE Sea Educ Assoc, POB 6, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA $>?qMadge, L. S. Smith, D. K.1995PSeamount Volcanism at the Reykjanes Ridge - Relationship to the Iceland Hot-Spot 8449-8468+Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth100B5Mmid-atlantic ridge; east pacific rise; lava flows; segmentation; plume; oceanMay 10 The axial zone of the Reykjanes Ridge is covered with small (0.5-3 lan in diameter) volcanoes that pile together to form larger axial volcanic ridges. This style of volcanism is similar to that at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) and may be common to slow spreading ridges despite proximity of the Reykjanes Ridge to the Iceland hot spot. In this study we quantitatively investigate the population of seamounts in three study areas at the Reykjanes Ridge. Areas A and B are centered at 62 degrees N and 60 degrees N, respectively. Area C is centered at 58 degrees N and is located south of the transition in ridge morphology from an axial high to an axial graben. Using multibeam bathymetry data, 541 seamounts (summit height H > 50 m) were identified in the three areas, and their size and shape statistics were compiled. Additionally, 105 seamounts in areas B and C were recognized in deep-towed side scan images, and their surface morphologies (hummocky or smooth) were recorded. On the basis of estimated population parameters, we find that seamounts at the Reykjanes Ridge are more abundant (310 +/- 20 per 10(3) km(2)), on average, than at the MAR between 24 degrees and 30 degrees N (200 +/- 10 per 10(3) km(2)). Significant along-axis variations exist at the Reykjanes Ridge, however, which are not simply related to distance from the hot spot: area B has nearly twice the abundance of seamounts as either area A or area C. Variation in the characteristic height of the seamount population is also observed between the Reykjanes Ridge (68 +/- 2 m) and the MAR (58 +/- 2 m), but no significant variation is found between our three study areas. A dramatic change in seamount surface morphology occurs between areas B and C (there are no side scan data from area A). Area C has 78% hummocky seamounts (similar to the proportion observed at the MAR), while area B has 83% smooth seamounts. On the basis of these results, we present a conceptual model for building the shallow crust at the slow spreading Reykjanes Ridge that takes into account the possible influence of the Iceland hot spot on the crustal melt delivery system and its influence on variables that control seamount abundances, sizes, shapes, and surface morphologies. In this model we suggest that the increased seamount production and proliferation of smooth seamounts in area B may be associated with a pulse of hot spot material, in the form of asthenosphere of higher temperature, that has recently affected area B.://A1995QX76900028>Times Cited: 1 English Article QX769 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID EARTHJ. Geophys. Res.-Solid EarthISI:A1995QX76900028WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543 MIT,WHOI,JOINT PROGRAM OCEANOG,WOODS HOLE,MA MADGE LS WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543~?rVenrick, E. L.1991rMidocean Ridges and Their Influence on the Large-Scale Patterns of Chlorophyll and Production in the North PacificS83-S1026Deep-Sea Research Part a-Oceanographic Research Papers38Zhawaiian ridge; seamounts; atlantic; phytoplankton; topography; community; shallow; eddiesDOcean-wide spatial patterns of chlorophyll a and productivity are investigated along two transects, one through the central North Pacific at 24-degrees-15'N and one through the subarctic Pacific at 47-degrees-N. In the south, large-scale gradients are absent across most of the ocean. In the north, large-scale gradients are significant. Three mid-ocean ridge systems are crossed by these transects: the Hawaiian Ridge and the Mariana Ridge in the central North Pacific and the Emperor Seamount Chain in the subarctic. Significant reductions in chlorophyll a are seen for more than 900 km west of the shallow Hawaiian Ridge in the oligotrophic central North Pacific. A similar band of reduced chlorophyll lies above the deep Emperor Sea Mount Chain in the eutrophic subarctic Pacific. No change in chlorophyll a is associated with the Mariana Ridge. The effect of mid-ocean ridges on the epipelagic ecosystem does not depend directly on the depth of the bottom topography or the ambient nutrient concentration in the euphotic layer. The effect may be more widespread than previously realized.://A1991GD47900006DTimes Cited: 7 English Article 1 GD479 DEEP-SEA RES PT A-OCEANOG RESISI:A1991GD47900006UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,MARINE LIFE RES GRP,LA JOLLA,CA 92093 VENRICK EL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,MARINE LIFE RES GRP,LA JOLLA,CA 92093 >?u Rogers, A. D.2000PThe role of the oceanic oxygen minima in generating biodiversity in the deep sea119-1489Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography471-2ldh-b genotypes; species-diversity; community structure; benthic macrofauna; fundulus-heteroclitus; upwelling system; organic-matter; atlantic-ocean; pacific-ocean; arabian seasMany studies on the deep-sea benthic biota have shown that the most species-rich areas lie on the continental margins between 500 and 2500 m, which coincides with the present oxygen-minimum in the world's oceans. Some species have adapted to hypoxic conditions in oxygen-minimum zones, and some can even fulfil all their energy requirements through anaerobic metabolism for at least short periods of time. It is, however, apparent that the geographic and vertical distribution of many species is restricted by the presence of oxygen-minimum zones. Historically, cycles of global warming and cooling have led to periods of expansion and contraction of oxygen-minimum layers throughout the world's oceans. Such shifts in the global distribution of oxygen-minimum zones have presented many opportunities for allopatric speciation in organisms inhabiting slope habitats associated with continental margins, oceanic islands and seamounts. On a smaller scale, oxygen-minimum zones can be seen today as providing a barrier to gene-flow between allopatric populations. Recent studies of the Arabian Sea and in other regions of upwelling also have shown that the presence of an oxygen-minimum layer creates a strong vertical gradient in physical and biological parameters. The reduced utilisation of the downward flux of organic material in the oxygen-minimum zone results in an abundant supply of food for organisms immediately below it. The occupation of this area by species exploiting abundant food supplies may lead to strong vertical gradients in selective pressures for optimal rates of growth, modes of reproduction and development and in other aspects of species biology. The presence of such strong selective gradients may have led to an increase in habitat specialisation in the lower reaches of oxygen-minimum zones and an increased rate of speciation. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000084501100007ATimes Cited: 4 English Review 269WU DEEP-SEA RES PT II-TOP ST OCE*Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.ISI:000084501100007ZUniv Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton Oceanog Ctr, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England Rogers AD Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton Oceanog Ctr, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England4Ξ~?w Rogers, A. D.1994The Biology of Seamounts305-350"Advances in Marine Biology, Vol 3030LondonACADEMIC PRESS LTDroughy hoplostethus-atlanticus; north pacific seamounts; deep- sea; orange roughy; genetic-variability; new-zealand; thermohaline structure; hydrothermal activity; uncharted seamount; mitochondrial-dna://A1994BB98Q00005Advances in Marine Biology$Times Cited: 32 English Review BB98QISI:A1994BB98Q00005ZROGERS AD MARINE BIOL ASSOC UNITED KINGDOM LAB,CITADEL HILL,PLYMOUTH PL1 2PB,DEVON,ENGLAND~?y"Dower, J. Freeland, H. Juniper, K.1992?A Strong Biological Response to Oceanic Flow Past Cobb Seamount 1139-11456Deep-Sea Research Part a-Oceanographic Research Papers397-8AprofilesJul-AugWe report results of a CTD and chlorophyll a survey from Cobb Seamount, a shallow seamount in the northeast Pacific. Our results show a several-fold increase in the standing crop of chlorophyll a is centred over the seamount. Current meter and drifter data indicate an anticyclonic deflection of deep currents around Cobb consistent with a theoretical stratified Taylor cone. Cobb differs from other seamounts where similar phenomena have been reported (OWENS and HOGG, 1980, Deep-Sea Research, 27, 1029-1045; GOULD et al., 1981, Deep-Sea Research, 28, 409-440; GENIN and BOEHLERT, 1985, Journal of Marine Research, 43, 907-924) in that its summit penetrates well into the euphotic zone. A Taylor column existing at such shallow depths could locally enhance primary production, providing a significant source of energy for higher trophic levels on the seamount. Indirect evidence for such a scenario comes from observations of a high biomass benthic community on Cobb Seamount.://A1992JH54000006CTimes Cited: 18 English Article JH540 DEEP-SEA RES PT A-OCEANOG RESISI:A1992JH54000006UNIV VICTORIA,DEPT BIOL,POB 1700,VICTORIA V8W 2Y2,BC,CANADA UNIV QUEBEC,DEPT OCEANOG,RIMOUSKI G5L 3A1,QUEBEC,CANADA INST OCEAN SCI,SIDNEY V8L 4B2,BC,CANADA DOWER J UNIV VICTORIA,DEPT BIOL,POB 1700,VICTORIA V8W 2Y2,BC,CANADA~?z"Genin, A. Haury, L. Greenblatt, P.1988yInteractions of Migrating Zooplankton with Shallow Topography - Predation by Rockfishes and Intensification of Patchiness151-&6Deep-Sea Research Part a-Oceanographic Research Papers352Feb://A1988M800100001CTimes Cited: 42 English Article M8001 DEEP-SEA RES PT A-OCEANOG RESISI:A1988M800100001UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093 USN,CTR OCEAN SYST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093 @>?|(Wishner, K. F. Gowing, M. M. Gelfman, C.2000HLiving in suboxia: Ecology of an Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone copepod 1576-1593Limnology and Oceanography457eastern tropical pacific; vertical-distribution; marine snow; southern-california; zooplankton ecology; calanoid copepods; organic-matter; water column; layer; oceanNov7Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are permanent suboxic features of the oceanic water column that strongly influence zooplankton distributions and biogeochemical cycles. The lower interface of prominent OMZs is characterized by a subsurface zooplankton biomass peak and high biological activity. The calanoid copepod Lucicutia grandis is an indicator species for this habitat. Its ecology in the Arabian Sea was studied during the U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) program to understand planktonic distributional and developmental adaptations to oxygen gradients in suboxic environments and the role of the OMZ zooplankton in food webs, vertical flux processes, and carbon cycles. Zooplankton samples were obtained in vertically stratified multiple opening-closing net and environmental sensing system (MOCNESS) tows to 1,000 m during four seasonal cruises. The vertical distribution of L. grandis was associated with the steep oxygen gradient from 0.07 to 0.15 ml L-1 at the base of the OMZ about 600-1,000 m. There was a clear progression with age of the depths and oxygen levels inhabited by different developmental stages within this zone, a phenomenon attributed to both physiological constraints and ecological interactions. The seasonal and spatial pattern of reproduction and development was keyed in part to the seasonal monsoon cycle, with final maturation of young stages into reproducing adults probably triggered by the direct and indirect effects of the seasonal or episodic input to depth of sinking particles. Gut contents included surface flux material, deep-sea detrital material, zooplankton remains, and deep-sea aggregate material, indicating that L. grandis occupies at least four different trophic levels. This was an active, not a diapausing, population, since both adults and immature stages fed and reproduced during all seasons. In contrast to the pelagic fauna that are severely impacted by coastal episodic hypoxia, the animals of the oceanic OMZ are uniquely adapted to the very low oxygen and strong spatial and temporal patterns of this widespread suboxic environment.://0001652671000124Times Cited: 1 English Article 373AW LIMNOL OCEANOGRLimnol. Oceanogr.ISI:000165267100012Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA Wishner KF Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA >?}lWishner, K. F. Ashjian, C. J. Gelfman, C. Gowing, M. M. Kann, L. Levin, L. A. Mullineaux, L. S. Saltzman, J.1995fPelagic and Benthic Ecology of the Lower Interface of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone93-1156Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers421boundary-layer zooplankton; santa-catalina basin; vertical- distribution; upwelling system; arabian sea; seamount; rates; ocean; deep; carbonJan The distributions of pelagic and benthic fauna were examined in relation to the lower boundary of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) on and near Volcano 7, a seamount that penetrates this feature in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Although the broad, pronounced OMZ in this region is an effective barrier for most zooplankton, zooplankton abundances, zooplankton feeding rates, and ambient suspended particulate organic carbon (POC) peaked sharply in the lower OMZ (about 740-800 m), in association with the minimum oxygen concentration and the increasing oxygen levels just below it. Zooplankton in the lower OMZ were also larger in size, and the pelagic community included some very abundant, possibly opportunistic, species. Elevated POC and scatter in the light transmission data suggested the existence of a thin, particle-rich, and carbon-rich pelagic layer at the base of the OMZ. Gut contents of planktonic detritivores implied opportunistic ingestion of bacterial aggregates, possibly from this layer. Benthic megafaunal abundances on the seamount, which extended up to 730 m, peaked at about 800 m. There was a consistent vertical progression in the depth of first occurrence of different megafaunal taxa in this depth range, similar to intertidal zonation. Although the vertical gradients of temperature, salinity, and oxygen were gradual at the lower OMZ interface (in contrast to the upper OMZ interface at the thermocline), temporal variability in oxygen levels due to internal wave-induced vertical excursions of the OMZ may produce the distinct zonation in the benthic fauna. The characteristics of the lower OMZ interface result from biological interactions with the chemical and organic matter gradients of the OMZ. Most zooplankton are probably excluded physiologically from pronounced OMZs. The zooplankton abundance peak at the lower interface of the OMZ occurs where oxygen becomes sufficiently high to permit the zooplankton to utilize the high concentrations of organic particles that have descended through the OMZ relatively unaltered because of low metazoan abundance. A similar scenario applies to megabenthic distributions. Plankton layers and a potential short food chain (bacteria to zooplankton) at OMZ interfaces suggest intense utilization and modification of organic material, localized within a thin midwater depth zone. This could be a potentially significant filter for organic material sinking to the deep-sea floor.://A1995QL67100006CTimes Cited: 27 English Article QL671 DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:A1995QL67100006UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543 WISHNER KF UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882 >?Gowing, M. M. Wishner, K. F.1992TFeeding Ecology of Benthopelagic Zooplankton on an Eastern Tropical Pacific Seamount451-467Marine Biology1123benthic boundary-layer; santa-catalina basin; midwater food web; deep-sea; phaeodarian radiolarians; northeast pacific; sediment traps; marine snow; bacteria; waterMarThe gut contents of dominant deep-sea benthic boundary layer zooplankton (primarily copepods and mysids) and the vacuole contents of phaeodarians collected and preserved in situ at four depths (from 724 to 3112 m) on an eastern tropical Pacific seamount (Volcano 7; 13-degrees 23'N, 102-degrees 27'W) between 23 November and 4 December 1988 were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Suspended, and sinking plus resuspended particles, were quantitatively sampled to characterize potential food sources. The broad oxygen minimum characteristic of this region intersects the summit of the seamount and affects the feeding ecology of these organisms. Several copepods and mysids and an amphipod contained guts packed with what appeared to be grain-positive bacteria, an unusual finding. We hypothesize that the source of these bacteria-like bodies was a mat or aggregate that originated in the oxygen minimum or at its upper or lower interface. The presence of the bacteria-like bodies in 43 to 100% of the particle-feeding zooplankton that were sectioned and that had gut contents, suggests that the bacteria-like bodies are an important food source. The diverse gut and vacuole contents of other detritivores were similar among depths. Particles and microorganisms from the depths were also similar. This finding can be explained by the rapid sinking of particles and aggregates from surface waters and their relatively intact transit through the broad oxygen minimum with its reduced populations of zooplankton. The presence of algal cells in guts and vacuoles of benthic boundary-layer zooplankton suggests that these zooplankton select particles of recent surface origin for consumption. The presence of the guts filled with bacteria-like bodies shows that some deep-sea copepods and mysids that are normally generalist feeders can specialize opportunistically. The similarity of gut contents of crustaceans and vacuole contents or phaeodarians suggests that these two very different groups of particle feeders utilize similar food sources in the deep sea.://A1992HJ52200013.Times Cited: 30 English Article HJ522 MAR BIOL Mar. Biol.ISI:A1992HJ52200013UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064 UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882 GOWING MM UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064J>?/Wishner, K. Levin, L. Gowing, M. Mullineaux, L.1990HInvolvement of the Oxygen Minimum in Benthic Zonation on a Deep Seamount57-59Nature3466279Jul 5://A1990DM39600059,Times Cited: 44 English Article DM396 NATURENatureISI:A1990DM39600059$UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543 WISHNER K UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882>?Wishner, K. F. Gowing, M. M.1987oInsitu Filtering and Ingestion Rates of Deep-Sea Benthic Boundary-Layer Zooplankton in the Santa-Catalina Basin357-366Marine Biology943://A1987G973000005.Times Cited: 20 English Article G9730 MAR BIOL Mar. Biol.ISI:A1987G973000005UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064 WISHNER KF UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882>?Humes, A. G. Segonzac, M.1998Copepoda from deep-sea hydrothermal sites and cold seeps: description of a new species of Aphotopontius from the East Pacific Rise and general distribution51-62Cahiers De Biologie Marine391Copepoda; Poecilostomatoida; Siphonostomatoida; Aphotopontius; hydrothermal vents mid-atlantic ridge; vent communities; siphonostomatoida; erebonasteridae; genus; poecilostomatoida; ecology; water; areasTwenty-four poecilostomatoid and siphonostomatoid copepods are reported from hydrothermal sites in the eastern Pacific and on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. These include two siphonostomatoids from the East Pacific Rise: Aphotopontius rapunculus, new species, and Stygiopontius mirus, a, species previously known only from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Ecological remarks and a synoptic table of 67 species of copepods known at this time from hydrothermal sites and cold seeps are presented.://0000743187000061Times Cited: 4 English Article ZV574 CAH BIOL MARCah. Biol. Mar.ISI:000074318700006Boston Univ, Marine Program, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA Boston Univ, Marine Program, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA Humes AG Boston Univ, Marine Program, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USAt>? Humes, A. G.1996vDeep-sea Copepoda (Siphonostomatoida) from hydrothermal sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 23 degrees and 37 degrees N609-653Bulletin of Marine Science583vent; pacific; genusMayoEleven species of Dirivultidae (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) have been found at deep-sea vent areas on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the Snake Pit site, 23 degrees 23'N, 44 degrees 56'W, depth 3,500 m, and near the Azores at the Lucky Strike site, 37 degrees N, 32 degrees N, depth 1,620 m. Rimipontius mediospinifer new genus, new species, is characterized by the formula 0-0; I for the endopod of leg 4 and by the presence of five setae on each caudal ramus. Aphotopontius atlanteus new species is distinguished by the length of the caudal ramus and by details of the genital double-somite in the female. Stygiopontius cladarus new species is noted for its small subdrate caudal ramus; S. serratus new species for the serrate nature of posterior margin of the antennule; S. teres new species in the female for its smooth expansions of the genital double-somite and the angular margin on leg 5; S. regius new species for its large broad undivided leg 5 in the female and its irregularly shaped spermatophore; S. bulbisetiger new species for the bulbous setae on the antenna; S. mirus new species for the prolongation of the coxa of the maxilliped with a terminal clawlike process; and S. latulus new species for the unusually broad prosome. Two copepods show a disjunct distribution: Aphotopontius forcipatus Humes, 1987, previously known only from the northeastern Pacific, is reported for the first time in the Atlantic; Stygiopontius pectinatus flumes, 1987, reported originally from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and known also from the Mariana Back-Are Basin, is recorded in large numbers from the hydrothermal site at 23 degrees 23'N, 44 degrees 56'W.://A1996UP205000011Times Cited: 7 English Article UP205 BULL MAR SCIBull. Mar. Sci.ISI:A1996UP20500001BOSTON UNIV,MARINE PROGRAM,MARINE BIOL LAB,WOODS HOLE,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543 Humes AG BOSTON UNIV,MARINE PROGRAM,MARINE BIOL LAB,WOODS HOLE,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543\>?Galkin, S. V. Moskalev, L. I.1990,Fauna of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Hydrothermal842-847 Okeanologiya305Sep-Oct://A1990EH367000221Times Cited: 8 Russian Article EH367 OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:A1990EH36700022SPP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,USSR GALKIN SV PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,USSR>?Galkin, S. V. Moskalev, L. I.1990OStudy of Abyssal Fauna of the North-Atlantic Using Deep-Sea Inhabited Apparatus682-689 Okeanologiya304Jul-Aug://A1990DW760000241Times Cited: 3 Russian Article DW760 OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:A1990DW76000024SPP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,USSR GALKIN SV PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,USSR>?EVinogradov, M. E. Vereshchaka, A. L. Shushkina, E. A. Arnautov, G. N.1999^Structure of zooplanktonic communities in the frontal zone of Gulf Stream and Labrador Current555-566 Okeanologiya394vertical-distributionJul-AugVertical distribution of meso- and macroplankton was studied in the area of the sharpest climatic frontal zone between Gulf Stream and Labrador Current at the site 41 degrees 39'N, 49 degrees 58'W. Plankton nets BR 113/140 and direct visual observations from manned submersibles "Mir" were used. In the frontal zone, arctoboreal communities and North Atlantic subtropical gyre communities contract. In more "mature" communities (in terms of succession) of anticyclone gyre, macroplanktonic carnivorous and detritophagous animals (mainly shrimps Acanthephyra) develop and create "living net" feeding on the rich arctoboreal plankton brought from, the North, Resulting shrimp biomass appears much higher than that of their prey. Patterns of vertical distribution and population structure: of shrimps were analysed. The data on quantitative vertical distribution of the total biomass of meso- and macroplankton as well as of the most important groups including gelatinous animals (ctenophores, medusae, syphonophores) were obtained. Vertical change in the role of various planktonic groups were traced; they gave evidence for the frontal changes in the community structure from the surface to a depth of about 2000 m.://0000835070000091Times Cited: 2 Russian Article 252NF OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:000083507000009PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia Vinogradov ME PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, RussiaG?Domanski, P.A.1986+The Azores front: A zoogeographic boundary?73-83Pelagic biogeography. -Proceedings of an International Conference The Netherlands 29 May-5 June 1985. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science No. 4949CPierrot-Bults, A.C. Van der Spoel, S. Zahuranec, B.J. Johnson, R.K.Paris>?Harvey, J. Arhan, M.19889The Water Masses of the Central North-Atlantic in 1983-84 1855-1875 Journal of Physical Oceanography1812Dec://A1988R6066000045Times Cited: 35 English Article R6066 J PHYS OCEANOGRJ. Phys. Oceanogr.ISI:A1988R606600004UNIV E ANGLIA,SCH ENVIRONM SCI,NORWICH NR4 7TJ,NORFOLK,ENGLAND INST FRANCAIS RECH EXPLOITAT MER,CTR BREST,BREST,FRANCE HARVEY J UNIV E ANGLIA,SCH ENVIRONM SCI,NORWICH NR4 7TJ,NORFOLK,ENGLANDR?Aksness,D.L Blindheim,J1996mCirculation patterns in the North Atlantic and possible impact on population dynamics of calanus finmarchicus7-28Ophelia44|DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION, WESTERN NORWAY, WINTER DISTRIBUTION, ZOOPLANKTON, MASFJORDEN, LINDASPOLLENE, MICRONEKTON, FISH, SEADue to advective impact few consistent time-series describing the population development of the copepod C. finmarchicus exist. Quantitatively, the spring generation seems to be the most important, and especially in the northern areas one generation per year seems to prevail. A fecundity of 10(2)-10(3) eggs female(-1) and a sex ratio 1:1 then give a maximal reproductive rate of 3.9-6.2 year(-1). This low rate seems to be compensated by low mortality due to effective predator avoidance in terms of diurnal and seasonal vertical migrations. We have calculated that the advective renewal of the habitats of C. finmarchicus in the subpolar gyre and in the Nordic Seas are 0.13 and 0.29 year(-1) respectively while the birth and death rates of C.finmarchicus typically are above 3.9 year(-1). This means that the biological rates are likely to dominate over the advective rates in the two ocean areas, and that the C.finmarchicus development is facilitated by Ic cal production in both areas. Rough calculations for the Nordic Seas indicate that our of a total annual production of 74 mill. tonnes, 3.6 mill. tonnes are lost to adjacent seas by advection. Due to the flow of deep and cold waters southward and the seasonal migration of C. finmarchicus it is likely that the loss of individuals from the Nordic Seas southward to the North Atlantic is dominated by copepodite V, and that a higher proportion of younger life stages are carried in the south-north (Barents Sea) and west-east (Norwegian coast and the North Sea) directions with the warmer, Atlantic Water.? Angel, M.V1989yVertical profiles of pelagic communities in the vicinity of the Azores Front and their implications to deep ocean ecology1-46Progress in Oceanography22?Angel, M.V Baker,A,C1982kVertical Distribution of the Standing Crop of Plankton and Micronekton at Three Stations in the NE Atlantic1-30Biological Oceanography2(1)?Angel, M.V. Fasham, M.J.R.1975Analysis of the vertical and geographic distribution of the abundant species of planktonic ostracods in the North-east Atlantic.707-737BJournal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom55>?0Atkinson, A. Ward, P. Williams, R. Poulet, S. A.1992pFeeding Rates and Diel Vertical Migration of Copepods near South Georgia - Comparison of Shelf and Oceanic Sites49-56Marine Biology1141calanus-propinquus; calanoides-acutus; weddell sea; adaptive significance; rhincalanus-gigas; life-cycles; zooplankton; phytoplankton; patterns; behaviorSepSeventeen Longhurst Hardy Plankton Recorder profiles were taken over a diel cycle in January 1990 to study the feeding of four major copepods over the South Georgia shelf. Ontogenetic changes in vertical migration were followed and feeding cycles determined by gut fluorometry for Calanoides acutus Stage CV, Calanus simillimus CV and CVI female, C. propinquus CV and Rhincalanus gigas CV and CVI female. In common with a neighbouring oceanic site visited two weeks later and reported elsewhere, all four species had a diel cycle of feeding and migration. The vertical distributions of C. simillimus (all stages), R. gigas (nauplii) and Euphausia frigida (postlarvae) were similar at both sites, the night being spent within the chlorophyll maximum at 15 to 30 m. However, the biomass dominants, C. acutus and R. gigas, dwelt below the chlorophyll maximum, about 30 m deeper than their oceanic counterparts. Unlike the oceanic site, feeding at the shelf site was not restricted to darkness, but increased 6 to 10 h before nightfall and finished at dawn, the intervening period coincided with sinking and digestion. Daylight feeding may have been induced by the shorter night, lower light levels or greater food requirements at the shelf site, despite planktonic predators being over three times more abundant. Daily ration estimates for R. gigas at both sites were only approximately 2% body carbon per day. These low values contrast with its smaller competitors, whose rations were in the range 5.6 to 27%.://A1992JT23500006.Times Cited: 39 English Article JT235 MAR BIOL Mar. Biol.ISI:A1992JT23500006NERC,BRITISH ANTARCT SURVEY,HIGH CROSS,MADINGLEY RD,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0ET,ENGLAND PLYMOUTH MARINE LAB,PLYMOUTH PL1 3DH,DEVON,ENGLAND CNRS,BIOL STN,F-29680 ROSCOFF,FRANCE ATKINSON A NERC,BRITISH ANTARCT SURVEY,HIGH CROSS,MADINGLEY RD,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0ET,ENGLAND'? Beckmann, W1988The zooplankton community in the deep bathyal and abyssal zones of the eastern North Atalntic. Preliminary results and data lists from MOCNESS hauls during cruise 08 of the RV" Polarstern".59 pp.6Berichte zur Polarforschung, Reports on Polar research42? Bersch, M19955On the circulation of the northesatern North Atlantic 1583-1607Deep-Sea Research part I 429`DRIFTING BUOYS, SLOPE CURRENT, GULF-STREAM, WATER, OCEAN, DEEP, EXTENSION, CHANNEL, FIELD, RIDGEAlong a section from Cape Farvel at the southern tip of Greenland to the Porcupine Bank off the Irish coast (WOCE section A1E/AR7E), obtained in September 1991, geostrophic velocities were calculated from CTD measurements and referenced to velocities recorded by an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) in the upper 500 m. The mean accuracy of the absolute geostrophic velocities is estimated at +/-3.6 cm/s, which is comparable to that resulting from the assumption of a layer of no motion. The derived flow field is essentially columnar without a pronounced layer of no motion. Maximum velocities of 20-30 cm/s occur in the upper 1000 m of the East Greenland Current and the Porcupine slope current and at 2000 m depth in the Denmark Strait overflow. The meandering of the Irminger Current crossing the Reykjanes Ridge and an enhanced mesoscale variability along the Rockall Plateau and in the Rockall Trough are indicated. Compared to Schmitz and McCartney (1993) the estimated volume transports suggest an intensified meridional circulation with an increased supply from the subtropics to the Subpolar Mode Water (SPMW) and an increased entrainment of SPMW into the deeper layers. In the bottom layer with densities sigma(theta) greater than or equal to 27.80 kg/m(3) a reduced circulation of lceland-Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) in the Irminger Basin and a recirculation of ISOW in the Iceland and West European basins are found. About 12 Sv of bottom water are transported southwards and join the Deep Western Boundary Current.?Bersch,M Meincke,J Sy,A1999IInterannual thermohaline changes in the northern North Atlantic 1991-199655-75Deep-Sea Research part II 46SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE, INTERPENTADAL VARIABILITY, WIND STRESS, OCEAN, SALINITY, CLIMATE, WATER, CIRCULATION, HYDROGRAPHY, OSCILLATIONIn the period 1991-1996 the WOCE hydrographic section A1E/AR7E between Greenland and Ireland was repeated five times. The observed thermohaline changes altered the baroclinic structure along the eastern margin of the subpolar gyre significantly, Between June 1995 and August 1996 an overall increase of the temperature and thickness and a decrease of the density of the Subpolar Mode Water (SPMW) layer were observed, accompanied by an increase of its salinity east of the Reykjanes Ridge and a decrease of its salinity in the Irminger Sea. The changes were most pronounced in the Iceland Basin, where the Subarctic Front retreated westwards, coinciding with a strong weakening of the Westerlies as determined by the North Atlantic Oscillation, They are related to a local reduction of the Ekman upwelling and the ocean-to-atmosphere heat flux on the one hand and to the advection of anomalies from the subtropics on the other hand. The eastward spreading of the different Labrador Sea Water (LSW) vintages led to a corresponding cooling of the LSW in the Irminger Sea and in the Iceland Basin in the period 1991-1996. The renewal of the LSW in the Rockall Trough occurred more sporadically, indicating that the North Atlantic Current (NAC) impedes the southward spreading of LSW in the eastern Atlantic. The changes in 1996 seem to have also counteracted this spreading. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.? Blackburn, M.1981Low latitude gyral regions3-30Analysis of Marine EcosystemsLonghurst, A.R.LondonAcademic Press?Boehlert, G.W. Genin, A.1987<A review of the effects of seamounts on biological processes319-3347Seamounts, Islands and Atolls. Geophysical Monograph 431Keating, B.H. Fryer, P. Batiza, R. Boehlert, G.W.American Geophysical Union>?Bollens, S. M. Frost, B. W.1989mZooplanktivorous Fish and Variable Diel Vertical Migration in the Marine Planktonic Copepod Calanus-Pacificus 1072-1082Limnology and Oceanography346Sep://A1989AY600000102Times Cited: 73 English Note AY600 LIMNOL OCEANOGRLimnol. Oceanogr.ISI:A1989AY60000010pUNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,WB-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195 BOLLENS SM UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,WB-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195>?Bollens, S. M. Frost, B. W.1989@Predator-Induced Diel Vertical Migration in a Planktonic Copepod 1047-1065Journal of Plankton Research115Sep://A1989AQ225000114Times Cited: 93 English Article AQ225 J PLANKTON RESJ. Plankton Res.ISI:A1989AQ22500011pUNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,WB-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195 BOLLENS SM UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,WB-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195>?Bollens, S. M. Frost, B. W.1991PDiel Vertical Migration in Zooplankton - Rapid Individual- Response to Predators 1359-1365Journal of Plankton Research136planktonic copepod; evolutionNovWhile diel vertical migration in zooplankton has been shown recently to be a predator avoidance behavior, the mechanism by which predators induce and maintain such behavior has been debated. We report results of an in situ predator manipulation experiment during which enclosed populations of the marine planktonic copepod Acartia hudsonica rapidly changed their vertical distribution and diel migration behavior depending on presence or absence of the planktivorous fish Gasterosteus aculeatus. These results point unambiguously to phenotypic behavioral plasticity of individual planktonic prey, not, as previously hypothesized, population-genetic level behavioral changes caused by selective fish predation, as the mechanism underlying changes in diel vertical migration in this copepod.://A1991GM245000164Times Cited: 53 English Article GM245 J PLANKTON RESJ. Plankton Res.ISI:A1991GM24500016,UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,SEATTLE,WA 98195 )>?Bollens, S. M. Frost, B. W.1991oOvigerity, Selective Predation, and Variable Diel Vertical Migration in Euchaeta-Elongata (Copepoda, Calanoida)155-161 Oecologia872ovigerity; selective predation; diel vertical migration; zooplankton; euchaeta-elongata planktonic copepod; marine copepod; lepomis-macrochirus; calanus-pacificus; prey selection; daphnia; eggs; lake; size; reproductionWe present a statistical analysis of a previously published (Yen, 1983) but heretofore unanalyzed data set on the vertical distributions and diel vertical migration (DVM) of adult females of the marine planktonic copepod Euchaeta elongata in Dabob Bay, Washington, USA. Non-ovigerous females were strongly migratory on all four dates sampled, residing between 75-175 m during the day and at shallower depths during the night, commonly entering the upper 50 m of the water column. In contrast, ovigerous females were non-migratory or weakly migratory, largely remaining between 100-175 m both day and night, and entering the upper 50 m of the water column only rarely. Thus non-ovigerous females always migrated much more strongly, as measured by both amplitude of migration and the proportion of animals migrating, than did ovigerous females. These results led us to hypothesize that differential susceptibility to visually orienting predators was the cause of these differences in DVM behavior in female E. elongata, and we subsequently undertook an experimental study of the feeding selectivity of the copepod's natural predator, Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi). Pacific herring exhibited a highly significant preference for ovigerous over non-ovigerous adult female E. elongata. The demographic consequences of variable DVM in adult female E. elongata were investigated by way of life table analyses. Results indicated that under conditions of thermal stratification of the water column there is a distinct demographic disadvantage (reduced rate of realized population growth) incurred by non-migratory or weakly migratory ovigerous females due to delayed egg development at cooler subsurface temperatures. We conclude that ovigerous female E. elongata remain at depth both day and night to avoid visually orienting predators, and that such behavior must afford the copepod a demographic advantage of no less than a 26% reduction in adult mortality to offset the demographic cost of delayed egg development.://A1991FX12200001/Times Cited: 26 English Article FX122 OECOLOGIA OecologiaISI:A1991FX12200001,UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,SEATTLE,WA 98195g>?*Bollens, S. M. Frost, B. W. Cordell, J. R.1994zChemical, Mechanical and Visual Cues in the Vertical Migration Behavior of the Marine Planktonic Copepod Acartia-Hudsonica555-564Journal of Plankton Research165gasterosteus-aculeatus; 3-spined sticklebacks; calanoid copepods; daphnia-hyalina; 1st antennae; zooplankton; fish; prey; predation; fieldMayRecent experimental evidence in both marine and freshwater systems indicates that predators can induce vertical migration behavior in individual zooplankters, yet the specific cues by which zooplankters sense their predators appear to vary. In situ manipulation experiments were carried out with enclosed populations of the marine planktonic copepod Acartia hudsonica to re-examine the potential role of chemical cues in the behavior of A.hudsonica, and to test explicitly for the role of mechanical or visual stimuli in triggering vertical migration behavior in this species. Adult female copepods were induced to vertically migrate (descend) when exposed to fish mimics during the day, but no such response occurred when the copepods were exposed to fish mimics during the night. Moreover, copepods exhibited no changes in vertical distribution when exposed to water which, having recently held a natural predator (the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus), was presumed to be laden with predator-produced chemical exudates. Predator- mediated mechanical or visual cues, or a hierarchy of both, are responsible for eliciting vertical migration behavior in adult female A.hudsonica. These results, together with those of other investigations demonstrating the inducing role of chemical exudates. indicate that the stimuli eliciting vertical migration in zooplankton can be expected to vary between species.://A1994NM095000094Times Cited: 30 English Article NM095 J PLANKTON RESJ. Plankton Res.ISI:A1994NM09500009WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT BIOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,SEATTLE,WA 98195 UNIV WASHINGTON,FISHERIES RES INST,SEATTLE,WA 98195 BOLLENS SM WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT BIOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543?(Bollens,S.M Osgood,K Frost,B.W Watts,S.D1993Vertical distributions and susceptibilities to vertebrate predation of the marine copepods Metridia lucens and Calanus pacificus 1827-1837Limnol. Oceanogr.388z? Brink, K.H.1990+On the generation of seamount-trapped waves 1569-1582Deep-Sea Research Part A37?Bühring,S.I Christiansen,B2001NLipids in selected abyssal benthopelagic animals: links to the epipelagic zone369-382Progress in Oceanography50?#Christiansen, B Beckman,W Weikert,H2001The structure and carbon demand of the bathyal benthic boundary layer community:a comparison of two oceanic locations in the NE Atlantic 2409-2424Deep-Sea Research part II 48CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC, SANTA-CATALINA BASIN, DEEP-SEA, VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION, EURYTHENES-GRYLLUS, NECROPHAGOUS AMPHIPOD, OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION, ZOOPLANKTON, BIOMASS, FOODEstimates of standing stocks were used together with metabolic rates from literature to compare the structure and the respiratory carbon demand of the benthopelagic fauna and epibenthic megafauna at two oceanic locations in the northeast Atlantic. The total standing stock of the benthopelagic fauna and epibentic megafauna (in the following referred to as benthopelagos sensu latu) in the Iceland Basin (59 degreesN/20 degreesW) was 5 times higher than at the BIOTRANS site (West European Basin, 47 degreesN/20 degreesW). While fish were the predominating group at the northern location, followed by epibenthic megafauna, most of the biomass at the southern station could be attributed to epibenthic megafauna whereas fish were even surpassed by zooplankton. The overall respiratory carbon demand of the benthopelagos s.l. in the Iceland Basin was about 50% higher than at the BIOTRANS site. In both areas, a large fraction of the carbon was respired by the megafauna, accounting for 46 % of the total respiratory carbon demand in the Iceland Basin and 86% at the BIOTRANS site. Important consumers in the Iceland Basin were also zooplankton (27%) and fish (26%), whereas at the BIOTRANS site only zooplankton had a significant share (12%) besides megafauna. Compared to the carbon fluxes into the BBL, the faunal groups (without bacteria) remineralize ca. 10-20% of the sedimenting POC. If near-bottom pelagic bacteria are included, the fraction of the POC import flux remineralized by the benthopelagic community amounts to at least 20-50%. That means, the carbon flux as measured in sediment traps is not sufficient to fuel both the benthopelagic community including the megafauna plus the sediment community. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.?1Christiansen, B Drüke,B Koppelmann, R Weikert, H1999lThe near-bottom zooplankton at the abyssal BIOTRANS site, NE Atlantic:composition, abundance and variability 1847-1863Journal of Plankton Research21 (10)BENTHIC BOUNDARY-LAYER, CENTRAL RED-SEA, COLD-CORE EDDY, DEEP-SEA, BENTHOPELAGIC PLANKTON, VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION, EPIBENTHIC SLEDGE, OPEN OCEAN, MID-WATER, COMMUNITYRThe near-bottom zooplankton of the abyssal BIOTRANS site (water depth 4500 m) was studied at two stations 11 nautical miles (nm) apart. Stratified sampling was conducted by means of a double MOCNESS at three depth layers 20, 50 and 100 m above bottom. The composition of the zooplankton showed a predominance of copepods, making up >50% of the total zooplankton abundance. Ostracods and chaetognaths were the most important non-copepods, displaying a slight increase towards the bottom. The variability of abundance and biomass was analysed statistically at different scales. Logarithmic coefficients of variation ranged from 29 to 187% for various taxa. Sampling at the two stations added significantly to the total variance for some taxa. By contrast, vertical gradients were mostly weak. Possible reasons for the observed variability are discussed>?Clark, C. W. Levy, D. A.1988PDiel Vertical Migrations by Juvenile Sockeye Salmon and the Antipredation Window271-290American Naturalist1312Feb://A1988M3534000066Times Cited: 133 English Article M3534 AMER NATURALISTAm. Nat.ISI:A1988M353400006UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,INST APPL MATH,VANCOUVER V6T 1Y4,BC,CANADA UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,WESTWATER RES CTR,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA CLARK CW UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,INST APPL MATH,VANCOUVER V6T 1Y4,BC,CANADA?Cohen,R.E Lough,R.G1983RPrey field of larval herring clupea harengous on a continental shelf spawning area221-222Marine Ecology Progress Series10f>?ECopley, J. T. P. Tyler, P. A. Sheader, M. Murton, B. J. German, C. R.1996[Megafauna from sublittoral to abyssal depths along the Mid- Atlantic Ridge south of Iceland549-559Oceanologica Acta195mid-ocean ridge; megafauna; Reykjanes Ridge; bathymetric zonation; water mass structure de-fuca ridge; reykjanes-ridge; north-atlantic; vent-field; ocean; communities; volcanism; pressure; ecology101 species were identified from 102 biological samples obtained between 225 and 2600 m depth on the Reykjanes Ridge, extending the biogeographic records for several species. Multivariate analysis of between-sample species similarity reveals a two-zone bathymetric faunal distribution with the transition at 800-1000 m. A hydrographic survey of the ridge axis suggests that this faunal zonation is influenced by the water mass structure. Despite the limitations of a sampling programme not designed a priori for biological sampling, the recovery and preservation of the samples and the insight that they provide serves to reinforce that every effort should be made to capitalise on the opportunities for obtaining samples afforded by non-biological sampling programmes.://A1996VM794000091Times Cited: 3 English Article VM794 OCEANOL ACTA Oceanol. ActaISI:A1996VM79400009?UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,SOUTHAMPTON OCEANOG CTR,DEPT OCEANOG,EUROPEAN WAY,SOUTHAMPTON SO14 3ZH,HANTS,ENGLAND UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,SOUTHAMPTON OCEANOG CTR,CHALLENGER DIV SEAFLOOR PROC,SOUTHAMPTON SO14 3ZH,HANTS,ENGLAND Copley JTP UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,SOUTHAMPTON OCEANOG CTR,DEPT OCEANOG,EUROPEAN WAY,SOUTHAMPTON SO14 3ZH,HANTS,ENGLAND>?Cowles, T. J. Fessenden, L. M.1995dCopepod Grazing and Fine-Scale Distribution Patterns During the Marine Light-Mixed Layers Experiment 6677-6686&Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans100C4zcalanus-finmarchicus; north-sea; zooplankton; atlantic; plankton; bloom; phytoplankton; helgolandicus; crustacea; flex- 76Apr 15]The mesozooplankton in the upper 100 m at 59 degrees N, 21 degrees W were dominated by the copepodite stages of Calanus finmarchicus in both May and August 1991. Abundance of C. finmarchicus in the upper 20 m of the water column was 800 m(- 3) in May and 200 m(-3) in August. Although hydrographic conditions changed from well mixed to stratified between May and August, the fine-scale vertical distribution pattern of C. finmarchicus was essentially the same during these two surveys of the Marine Light-Mixed Layers site. Copepodite stage five (CV) comprised a larger fraction of the population in August compared to May, however. Gut evacuation experiments with C. finmarchicus indicated that late copepodite and adult female life stages had evacuation rates of approximately 4% h(-1) in both May and August. Although these evacuation rates are consistent with others measured for Calanus, the relatively low biomass in the upper 100 m resulted in an estimated daily grazing impact by Calanus of less than 5% of the phytoplankton standing stock in May, and less than 1% in August. The ingestion rates we measured suggest that the total grazing impact of all mesozooplankton grazers is less than 10% of daily primary production. These relatively low ingestion rates on phytoplankton provide these copepods with less than half of the total daily carbon intake required to balance estimated rates of respiration and growth in the field. In order to balance these metabolic costs, we estimate that the mesozooplankton would need to ingest the equivalent of at least 100% of the estimated microzooplankton/protist daily production.://A1995QT22200013:Times Cited: 21 English Article QT222 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANSJ. Geophys. Res.-OceansISI:A1995QT22200013OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331 COWLES TJ OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331 @?DDadou,I Lamy,F Rabouille,C Ruiz-Pino,D Andersen,V Bianchi,M Garcon,V2001xAn integrated biological pump model from the euphotic zone to the sediment:a 1-D application in the NE tropical Atlantic 2345-2381Deep-Sea Research part II 48OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION, DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON, PARTICLE MIXING RATES, EARLY DIAGENESIS, CENTRAL PACIFIC, EUMELI PROGRAM, SARGASSO SEA, MIXED-LAYER, DEEP-OCEAN, MATTERA coupled one-dimensional biogeochemical/physical model is developed to follow the organic matter fluxes from the upper ocean to the sea floor. The biogeochemical model is a nitrogen-based seven-compartment model including nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, two pools of dissolved organic matter, and two size classes of detrital material. Particle dynamics are considered through the water column as well as organic matter deposition and mineralization in the superficial sediments. The model is applied at the EUMELI oligotrophic site (21 degreesN, 31 degreesW) where different seasons were sampled in 1991-1992 and sediment trap data collected continuously over the same period. The model, forced with the reanalyzed ECMWF fluxes for these years, reproduces satisfactorily the weak seasonal variability of phytoplankton concentration as well as the exported nitrogen fluxes. Annual primary production (65 g C/m(2)/yr) is sustained mainly by remineralization of DON and zooplankton excretion. Export production at 150 m is ensured by large particles, the DON export contributing only 31% of the total export. The POC export represents 1.3% of the primary production. Including nutrient horizontal advection in the model to mimic any lateral Ekman transfer from the enriched neighboring subtropical gyre (5.5 mmol N/m(2)/yr over the first 150 m estimated from optimization) induces an annual primary production of 73 g C/m(2)/yr, closer to Morel et al.'s (Deep-Sea Res. I 43(8) (1996) 1273-1304) estimate (110 g C/m(2)/yr). Estimated mean carbon fluxes at 1000 and 4400 m depth compare well with sediment trap data, 2 mg C/m(2)/d and 1 mg C/m(2)/d, respectively. Remineralization and disaggregation are the dominant processes below 150 m, aggregation playing a minor role. Observed continuous particulate organic matter fluxes over both years show a more variable evolution than the modeled one. This could be due to mesoscale circulation in the area, or subduction of water masses from the Mauritania upwelling. The modeled seasonal variability of dissolved matter fluxes at the water-sediment interface is very weak, as expected. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.?&Dam, H.G. Roman, M.R. Youngbluth, M.J.1995Downward export of respiratory carbon and dissolved inorganic nitrogen by diel-migrant mesozooplankton at the JGOFS Bermuda time-series station. 1187-1197Deep-Sea Research I42?De Stasio,B.T.Jr1993`Diel vertical and horizontal migration by zooplankton:population budgets and the diurnal deficit44-64Marine Research531? Dinter,W.P2001Biogeography of the OSPAR Maritime Area. A Synopsis and Synthesis of Biogeographical Distribution Patterns Descibed for the NE Atlantic8-41 Bonn, Germany&Federal Agency for Nature Conservation 3-7843-3818-6?Dodson,S1988cThe ecological role of chemical stimuli for the zooplankton: Predator-avoidance behavior in Daphnia 1431-1439Limnology and Oceanography336?Dower, J.F. Mackas, L.D.1996A"Seamount effect" in the zooplankton community near Cobb Seamount837-858Deep-SEa Research436? Ellis,C.J1985fThe effects of proximity to the continental slope sea-bed on pelagic halocyprid ostracods at 49 N,13 W923-949Marine Biology65s?Epp, D. Smoot, C.N.1989/Distribution of seamounts in the North Atlantic254-257Nature337>?Epp, D. Smoot, N. C.1989/Distribution of Seamounts in the North-Atlantic254-257Nature3376204Jan 19://A1989R858200066,Times Cited: 26 English Article R8582 NATURENatureISI:A1989R858200066NATL SCI FDN,1800 G ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20550 USN,OCEANOG OFF,DIV BATHYMETRY,NSTL,MS 39522 EPP D NATL SCI FDN,1800 G ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20550>?7Falkowski, P. G. Ziemann, D. Kolber, Z. Bienfang, P. K.1991ARole of Eddy Pumping in Enhancing Primary Production in the Ocean55-58Nature3526330?photosynthetic energy-conversion; pacific-ocean; fluxes; growthJul 4oIN steady-state models of primary production in the open ocean, the upward fluxes of nutrients are balanced by the export of particulate production to the ocean depths. Export production represents the biological effect of carbon production on the net exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the ocean. Geochemical estimates of exported production, based on calculations of rates of oxygen usage 1 or heat fluxes 2 are two to three times as high as those determined from biological measurements 3-5. One possible explanation for the differing estimates is that export production, calculated from independent geochemical signals, is too high. Another is that biological measurements severely undersample episodic nutrient injections into the photic zone 1,4. Eddy pumping represents one of the possible mechanisms of nutrient injection 1. Here we examine the enhancement of production by a cyclonic eddy in the subtropical Pacific with instrumentation that allows us to overcome the sampling problem. Our results reveal that eddy pumping markedly stimulates primary production, and that phytoplankton in the upper oligotrophic ocean outside the eddy are not growing near their maximum relative specific growth rates. But if the relative enhancement of production is typical, our results suggest that eddy pumping would enhance total primary production by only approximately 20%.://A1991FV17800067,Times Cited: 81 English Article FV178 NATURENatureISI:A1991FV17800067BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV OCEANOG & ATMOSPHER SCI,UPTON,NY 11973 OCEAN INST,WAIMANALO,HI 96795 FALKOWSKI PG BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV OCEANOG & ATMOSPHER SCI,UPTON,NY 11973?Fasham, M.J.R. Foxton, P.1979Zonal distribution of pelagic decapoda (Crustacea) in the eastern North Atlantic and its relation to the physical oceanography.225-2532Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology37?Frank, T.M Widder, E.A1997The correlation of downelling irradiance and staggered vertical migration patterns of zooplankton in Wilkinson basin, Gulf of Maine 1975-1991Journal of Plankton Research19(12)?Frank,T.M Widder,E.A2002{Effects of a decrease in downelling irradiance on the daytime vertical distribution patterns of zooplankton and micronekton22Marine Biology?)Gallienne,G.P Robins,D.B Woodd-Walker,R.S2001}Abundance distribution and size structure of zooplankton along a 20 west meridional transect of the NE Atlantic Ocean in July925-949Deep-Sea Research part II 48'OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER, HELGOLANDICUSZooplankton distribution, abundance and size structure were characterised on leg 2 of the PRIME cruise in the northeast Atlantic during July 1996. Latitudinal sampling was carried out from 60 degreesN to 37 degreesN along a meridian at approximately 20 degreesW. Zooplankton were characterised using an Optical Plankton Counter (OPC), and from traditional depth-integrated net hauls for taxonomy and carbon. The former method allows zooplankton to be described in terms of biovolume and size. There was good agreement between the two methods for abundance and a good correlation between OPC biovolume and carbon analysis. These data also showed compatibility with concurrent acoustic measurements of zooplankton. Results for the cruise compared to recent studies in the region, show that, overall abundance was generally low, although most of the previous studies were closer to spring bloom conditions. The size structure over latitude shows that mean size fluctuated, but there was a general trend of decreasing mean size from the north of the transect to about 47 degreesN. Further statistical treatment of the OPC data, using principal component analysis, showed that zooplankton size structure changed at five positions along the transect. Three of these coincided with changes in physical structure, one each side of the front at 48 degreesN and the third on the outer edge of an eddy. The other two occurred in regions of high-surface chlorophyll concentration. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.? Gardner, W.D.? Gardner, W.D.1977<Fluxes, dynamics and chemistry of particulates in the ocean.405KWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution/ Massachusetts Institute of technologyPh.D. dissertationΞ~?OGebruk, A. V. Galkin, S. V. Vereshchaka, A. L. Moskalev, L. I. Southward, A. J.1997QEcology and biogeography of the hydrothermal vent fauna of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge93-144"Advances in Marine Biology, Vol 3232LondonACADEMIC PRESS LTDshrimp rimicaris-exoculata; azores triple-junction; caridean shrimp; seep communities; methane seep; tube-worms; north-sea; genus; bresiliidae; field://000080498700002Advances in Marine Biology$Times Cited: 16 English Review BN05AISI:000080498700002dGebruk AV Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Nakhimovsky Prospekt 36, Moscow 117851, Russia >?;Gebruk, A. V. Southward, E. C. Kennedy, H. Southward, A. J.2000`Food sources, behaviour, and distribution of hydrothermal vent shrimps at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge485-499BJournal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom803rimicaris-exoculata; marine-invertebrates; isotope composition; bresiliid shrimps; caridean shrimp; stable-carbon; fatty-acids; decapoda; field; communitiesJun!Five species of bresilioid shrimp were investigated at seven hydrothermal sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Menez Gwen, Lucky Strike, Rainbow, Broken Spur, TAG, Snake Pit and Logatchev. Samples were prepared for analysis of stable isotopes, elemental composition and lipids. Shrimp behaviour was observed from the submersible 'Alvin' and in the laboratory aboard RV 'Atlantis'. The distribution and zonation of the shrimp species was recorded. Juvenile shrimp of all species arrive at the vents carrying reserves of photosynthetic origin, built-up in the pelagic larval stages. These reserves are used while the shrimp metamorphose to the adult form and, in Rimicaris exoculata and Chorocaris chacei, while they develop epibiotic bacteria supporting structures, the modified mouthparts and the inside of the carapace. The main food of adult R. exoculata is filamentous bacteria that grow on these structures. The intermediate sizes of C. chacei also feed on such bacteria, but the final stage gets some food by scavenging or predation. Mirocaris species scavenge diverse sources; they are not trophically dependent on either R. exoculata or mussels. Adults of Alvinocaris markensis are predators of other vent animals, including R. exoculata. The dense swarms of R. exoculata, with their exosymbionts, can be compared to endosymbiont-containing animals such as Bathymodiolus and the vestimentiferan tube- worms of the Pacific vents. Such associations, whether endo- or ectosymbiotic, may be necessary for the development of flourishing communities at hydrothermal vents.://0000884464000117Times Cited: 2 English Article 338WN J MAR BIOL ASSN UKJ. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K.ISI:000088446400011Marine Biol Assoc United Kingdom Lab, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England Marine Biol Assoc United Kingdom Lab, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117851, Russia Univ Wales, Sch Ocean Sci, Menai Bridge LL59 5EY, Anglesey, Wales Southward AJ Marine Biol Assoc United Kingdom Lab, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England?Genin, A. Boehlert, G.W.1985[Dynamics of temperature and chlorophyll structures above a seamount: an oceanic experiment.907-924Journal of Marine Research43?]Genin, A. Greene, C. Haury, L. Wiebe, P. H. Gal, G. Kaartvedt, S. Meir, E. Fey, C. Dawson, J.1994GZooplankton patch dynamics: daily gap formation over abrupt topography.941-951Deep-Sea Research I41?"Genin, A. Haury, L. Greenblatt, P.1988xInteractions of migrating zooplankton with shallow topography: predation by rockfishes and intensification of patchiness151-175Deep-Sea Research352?Gislason, A Astthorson, O.S1992LZooplankton collected by sediment trap moored in deep water south of iceland219-224Sarsia77?Gislason,A Astthorson,O.S2000sWinter distribution, ontogenetic migration, and rates of egg production of Calanus finmarchius southwest of Iceland 1727-1739ICES Journal of Marine Science57?JGislason,A Astthorsson, O.S Petursdottir,H Gudfinnson,H Bodvarsdottir, A.R2000_Life cycle of Calanus Finmarchicus south of iceland in relation to hydrography and chlorophyl a 1619-1629ICES Journal of Marine Science57? Grice,G.D1971kThe existence of a bottom-living calanoid copepod fauna in deep water with descriptions of five new species219-242Deep Water Calenoid Copepods?Grice, G.D Hulsemann,K1965iAbundance,vertical distribution and taxonomy of calanoid copepods at selected stations in the NE Atlantic213-262$Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution146 ?Griffies,S.M Bryan,K1997KA predictability study of simulated North Atlantic multidecadal variability459-487Climate Dynamics13DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY, OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODELS, THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION, TRANSIENT RESPONSES, GRADUAL CHANGES, HEAT-TRANSPORT, DYNAMICS, CO2, OSCILLATION, RESOLUTIONW The North Atlantic is one of the few places on the globe where the atmosphere is linked to the deep ocean through air-sea interaction. While the internal variability of the atmosphere by itself is only predictable over a period of one to two weeks, climate Variations are potentially predictable for much longer periods of months or even years because of coupling with the ocean. This work presents details from the first study to quantify the predictability for simulated multidecadal climate variability over the North Atlantic. The model used for this purpose is the GFDL coupled ocean-atmosphere climate model used extensively for studies of global warming and natural climate variability. This model contains fluctuations of the North Atlantic and high-latitude oceanic circulation with variability concentrated in the 40-60 year range. Oceanic predictability is quantified through analysis of the time-dependent behavior of large-scale empirical orthogonal function (EOF) patterns for the meridional stream function, dynamic topography, 170 m temperature, surface temperature and surface salinity. The results indicate that predictability in the North Atlantic depends on three main physical mechanisms. The first involves the oceanic deep convection in the subpolar region which acts to integrate atmospheric fluctuations, thus providing for a red noise oceanic response as elaborated by Hasselmann. The second involves the large-scale dynamics of the thermohaline circulation, which can cause the oceanic variations to have an oscillatory character on the multidecadal time scale. The third involves nonlocal effects on the North Atlantic arising from periodic anomalous fresh water transport advecting southward from the polar regions in the East Greenland Current. When the multidecadal oscillatory variations of the thermohaline circulation are active, the first and second EOF patterns for the North Atlantic dynamic topography have predictability time scales on the order of 10-20 y, whereas EOF-1 of SST has predictability time scales of 5-7 y. When the thermohaline variability has weak multidecadal power, the Hasselmann mechanism is dominant and the predictability is reduced by at least a factor of two. When the third mechanism is in an extreme phase, the North Atlantic dynamic topography patterns realize a 10-20 year predictability time scale. Additional analysis of SST in the Greenland Sea, in a region associated with the southward propagating fresh water anomalies, indicates the potential for decadal scale predictability for this high latitude region as well. The model calculations also allow insight into regional variations of predictability, which might be useful information for the design of a monitoring system for the North Atlantic. Predictability appears to break down most rapidly in regions of active convection in the high-latitude regions of the North Atlantic.?"Guinehut,S Larnicol,G Le Traon,P.Y2002Sdesign of an array of profiling floats in the North atlantic from model simulations1-9Journal of Marine Systems35?DHarding, G.C. Hargrave, B.T. Vass, W.P. Sheldon, R.W. Pearre, Jr. S.1987vertical flux of particulate matter by sedimentation and zooplankton movements in St. Georges Bay, the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence324-357Biological Oceanography4?Hardy,A.C Bainbridge,R1954HExperimental observations on the vertical migrations of plankton animals409-448Journal marine biology33?AHarris, R.P Boyd,P Harbour, D.S Head, R.N Pingree, R.D Pomroy,A.J1997iPhysical, chemical and biological features of a cyclonic eddy in the region of 61 10'N 19 50' W in the NA 1815-1839Deep-Sea Research part I 4411?Harvey, J. Arhan, M.1988:The water masses of the Central North Atlantic in 1983-84. 1855-1875 Journal of Physical Oceanography1812M?'Hays,G.C Clark,D.R Walne,A.W Warner,A.J2001VLarge-scale patterns of zooplankton abundance in the NE Atlantic in June and July 1996951-961Deep-Sea Research part II 48uEASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC, PLANKTON DISTRIBUTION, C-HELGOLANDICUS, FRONTAL AREA, FINMARCHICUS, CALANUS, SEA, ENVIRONMENTThe abundance of various mesozooplankon taxa was measured in the NE Atlantic (36-64 degreesN and 15-24 degreesW) during June and July 1996 using a high-speed plankton sampler, the U-Tow. A total of 225 plankton samples were collected, each representing about 16.5 km of tow. The abundance of mesozooplankton during 1996 was compared to the data that have been collected historically in this region by the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey. The abundance of Calanus in 1996 was well below the long-term mean. For fish larvae, euphausiids and amphipods there was a distinct peak in abundance around 49-50 degreesN associated with frontal features, but elsewhere levels of abundance were again generally below the long-term mean. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.>?7Hays, G. C. Proctor, C. A. John, A. W. G. Warner, A. J.1994}Interspecific Differences in the Diel Vertical Migration of Marine Copepods - the Implications of Size, Color, and Morphology 1621-1629Limnology and Oceanography397zooplankton; predation; fishNovSamples collected by continuous plankton recorders (CPRs) between 1948 and 1992 were used to describe the diel vertical migration (DVM) behavior of 41 copepod taxa in the northeast Atlantic between 45 and 55 degrees N and 11 and 31 degrees W. A total of 13,622 samples, each representing similar to 18.5 km (10 nm) of tow, were analyzed. Since CPRs are towed in near- surface waters, taxa that exhibit DVM occur predominantly in samples taken at night. Larger taxa showed significantly stronger DVM, with body size explaining 47% of the intertaxa variation in DVM. For small taxa (<1 mm wide) the residual variation in DVM was correlated with carotenoid pigment levels but not with body morphology, with more heavily pigmented taxa exhibiting DVM. For larger taxa (>1 mm wide) the residual variation in DVM was correlated with body morphology but not with carotenoid pigment levels, with more elongate copepods not exhibiting DVM.://A1994PZ967000115Times Cited: 23 English Article PZ967 LIMNOL OCEANOGRLimnol. Oceanogr.ISI:A1994PZ96700011FSIR ALISTER HARDY FDN OCEAN SCI,THE LAB,PLYMOUTH PL1 2PB,DEVON,ENGLAND>?(Hays, G. C. Warner, A. J. Proctor, C. A.1995Spatiotemporal Patterns in the Diel Vertical Migration of the Copepod Metridia-Lucens in the Northeast Atlantic Derived from the Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey469-475Limnology and Oceanography4038calanus-finmarchicus; zooplankton; predation; bloom; seaMayhThe archived data set collected over a 45-yr period (1948-1992) by Continuous Plankton Recorders (CPRs) towed in near-surface waters was used to investigate the diel vertical migration of the copepod Metridia lucens in the northeast Atlantic (47-63 degrees N and 10-30 degrees W). Although the CPR sampling intensity was uniform during the day and the night, M. lucens was caught predominantly in samples collected at night, consistent with a normal diel vertical migration pattern involving movement from greater depth during the day to shallower depths at night. The length of time spent near the surface varied seasonally and was closely correlated (r(2) = 0.80) with seasonal change in length of night. The residual variation in length of time spent at the surface was nonrandom, with more time being spent at the surface in spring before the onset of the spring bloom, and less time being spent at the surface in autumn, than that predicted from the length of night at these periods. The timing of this enhanced near-surface occupation in spring varied with latitude, occurring a mean of 3.4 d later per degree of latitude.://A1995RE862000024Times Cited: 6 English Article RE862 LIMNOL OCEANOGRLimnol. Oceanogr.ISI:A1995RE86200002MSIR ALISTER HARDY FDN OCEAN SCI,THE LABORATORY,PLYMOUTH PL1 2PB,DEVON,ENGLAND U?"Head,E.J.H Harris,L.R Campbell,R.W2000Investigations on the ecology of Calanus spp. in the Labrador Sea.I.Relationship between the phytoplankton bloom and reproduction and development of Calanus Finmarchicus in spring53-.73Marine Ecology Progress Series193Calanus finmarchicus, reproduction, spring bloom, Labrador sea SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT, EGG-PRODUCTION, ST-LAWRENCE, ZOOPLANKTON, WATERS, ABUNDANCE, COPEPOD, ICELAND, CYCLE, STRATIFICATIONy During mid-May-early June 1997 observations of hydrography, phytoplankton and nitrate concentrations, and abundance and stage distribution of Calanus finmarchicus populations were made in the Labrador Sea and south of Greenland. Egg production rates were also measured for isolated C. finmarchicus females. Surface nitrate and integrated phytoplankton concentrations indicated that, in the deep water, the phytoplankton bloom had ended in the north and east, was in progress in the north central Labrador Sea and near the basin margins, and had not yet become established in an area stretching from the central Labrador Sea to the south of Greenland. C. finmarchicus egg production rates and stage distributions at stations in the 3 areas designated as early, mid- and late/post-bloom zones, suggested that development rates of the overwintered GO generation into mature adults (females and males) were probably low before the bloom, but accelerated during its development. Individual and areal rates of egg production were highest in the early bloom zone, whereas nauplii were more abundant in the bloom and late/post-bloom zones. Differences in naupliar abundance may have been related to food Limitation, or predation. Following development through to the young copepodite stages (CI-III), which were most abundant in the late/post-bloom zone, morality rates were apparently lower and growth rates less dependent on high phytoplankton concentrations and perhaps more dependent on temperature. In the Labrador Sea, where the annual growth season is relatively short and C, finmarchicus produces only 1 generation per year, the timing of the spring bloom may have a significant impact on recruitment of the new year's generation. In areas where the bloom is early and intense, maturation of the overwintered adults will be rapid and egg-laying will occur when phytoplankton concentrations are high. Subsequent survival success of eggs through to later stages will also probably be relatively high and individuals from the new year's generation will have ample time to reach stages capable of overwintering. By contrast, if the bloom is late or of low intensity, adult maturation will be delayed and egg-laying may occur when phytoplankton concentrations are low. Under these conditions relatively few eggs may survive and individuals that do survive will have a shorter period in which to attain stages which can overwinter.;?Heath,M.R Astthorsson,O.S Dunn,J Ellertsen,B Gaard,E Gislason,A Gurney, W.S.C Hind,A.T Irogoien,X melle,W Niehoff,B Olsen,K Skreslet,S Tande,K.S2000aComparative analysis of Calanus Finmarchius demography at locations around the Northeast Atlantic 1562-1580ICES Journal of Marine Science57 i?'Henrich,R Baumann,K-H Huber,R Meggers,H2002carbonate preservation records of the past 3 Myr in the norwegian-Greenland Sea and the northern North Atlantic: implications for the history of NADW production17-39Marine Biology184carbonate dissolution, deep-water formation, Norwegian-Greenland Sea, North Atlantic, Northern Hemisphere climate LATE CENOZOIC UPLIFT, TIME-SLICE RECORD, LAST 30,000 YEARS, DEEP-WATER, EARLY PLEISTOCENE, SOUTHERN ASIA, AMERICAN WEST, LATE PLIOCENE, SEDIMENTARY FACIES, INDIAN-OCEANK Carbonate preservation records from a number of drill sites in the North Atlantic and adjacent Norwegian-Greenland Sea (NGS) are used to reconstruct variations in North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production over the past 3 Myr. Before the initiation of major Northern Hemisphere glaciation, good carbonate preservation was recorded in the North Atlantic and the NGS supporting the superconveyor model of accelerated NADW formation in the late Pliocene. After the inception of main Northern Hemisphere glaciation, NADW formation in the NGS was blocked-off during the period 2.8-1.9 Ma. Carbonate was only badly preserved due to (1) low production of carbonate shells in surface waters, (2) sluggish renewal of deep waters induced by a rather stable sea-ice cover, and/or (3) production of carbonate-corrosive dense brines during sea-ice formation (e.g. sea ice dissolution mode). In contrast, contemporaneous good preservation in the adjacent North Atlantic indicates efficient NADW production. During the middle Matuyama (1.9-1.4 Ma), the first intrusions of the Proto-Norwegian Current into a narrow corridor in the southeastern NGS are evidenced by much better carbonate preservation. A decrease both in carbonate content and preservation towards the north and west of this corridor indicates the proximity of the polar front and gives evidence that NADW production was efficiently triggered by the Atlantic water entrainment mode. During the past 1.2 Myr carbonate preservation patterns in the NGS clearly reflect major global events like the Mid-Pleistocene Transition and the mid-Brunhes dissolution event. The onset of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition at 1.2 Ma is characterized by a complete shift to higher carbonate contents in the southeastern NGS and Labrador Sea. Overall, good preservation during both interglacials and glacials is only interrupted by high-frequency, short-term dissolution spikes, which were induced by ice sheet collapse and development of extensive meltwater lids. As a consequence, NADW was produced nearly continuously during glacials in the Nordic Seas. However, due to its lower density it was entrained into intermediate water levels in the North Atlantic and, thus, enforced the intermediate water circulation loop, whereas a decrease in lower-NADW production is observed contemporaneously. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.n>?Herring, P. J. Dixon, D. R.1998JExtensive deep-sea dispersal of postlarval shrimp from a hydrothermal vent 2105-21186Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers4512umid-atlantic ridge; fuca ridge; decapoda; bresiliidae; crustacea; genus; alvinocarididae; populations; plumes; larvaeDecbHydrothermal vent fields on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) are small (no more than 0.1-1.0 km(2)) and widely spaced (a reported average of one field per 175 km between 11 degrees N and 40 degrees N). Their faunas are similar and usually dominated by shrimp of the family Bresiliidae. Little is known about the way these animals (and other members of the vent fauna) disperse and colonize new vents. Vent shrimp juveniles have been taken close to certain vent sites, and in midwater, but their larvae and postlarvae have not been captured. We report here that bresiliid shrimp postlarvae are very widely dispersed around the Broken Spur vent field and extend into the next MAR segment and the Atlantis Fracture Zone beyond. The populations show density gradients declining both vertically and horizontally from the vent site, in contrast to the overall pelagic biomass. This is the furthest recorded dispersal (> 100 km) of identified larvae from a hydrothermal vent and is sufficient to give them access to adjacent vent fields and thus the scope for colonising new sites. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000077617000006BTimes Cited: 9 English Article 149QP DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:000077617000006Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Empress Dock, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England Herring PJ Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Empress Dock, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England? Hogg, N.G.1980.Effects of Bottom Topography on Ocean Currents167-205?Orographic Effects in Planetary Flows, GARP Publication Series.23HWMO-ICSU Joint Scientific Committee Global Atmospheric Research Program.>?Huang, C. Uye, S. Onbe, T.1992Ontogenic Diel Vertical Migration of the Planktonic Copepod Calanus-Sinicus in the Inland Sea of Japan .2. Late Fall and Early Spring391-400Marine Biology1133$celtic sea; pacificus; helgolandicusJulThe ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus was investigated in the Inland Sea of Japan in November 1988 and March 1989, when the water temperature was weakly stratified in a reversed manner. In both investigations a pronounced ontogenetic difference in vertical distribution was found. Spawning always occurred during nighttime, being confined to the upper 40 m water column in November but to the layer below 35 m in March. The distribution of pre-feeding nauplius stages, NI and NII, was more or less similar to that of the eggs. The first-feeding NIII performed a marked upward migration, and late nauplius stages (NIV to NVI) and early copepodite stages (CI and CII) continuously aggregated in the upper water column where phytoplankton was abundant. CIII to CVI (adult female and male) tended to disperse in the whole water column. In November, however, they avoided the upper 10 m strata during daytime and some individuals migrated upward to the surface during nighttime. In March, CV and CVI aggregated in the layer between 5 and 15 m deep in the daytime and migrated both upward and downward at dusk, resulting in homogeneous distributions during the nighttime.://A1992JJ78700007.Times Cited: 10 English Article JJ787 MAR BIOL Mar. Biol.ISI:A1992JJ78700007qHIROSHIMA UNIV,FAC APPL BIOL SCI,HIROSHIMA 724,JAPAN HUANG C HIROSHIMA UNIV,FAC APPL BIOL SCI,HIROSHIMA 724,JAPAN? Humes, A.G1996RDeep-sea copepoda from hydrothermal sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 23 and 37 N609-653Bulletin of Marine Research583?Humes,A.G Segonzac,M1998Copepoda from deep-sea hydrothermal sites and cold seeps:description of a new species of Aphotopontius from the East Pacific Rise and general distribution51-62Biology Marine39?/Huskin,I Anadon,R Medina,G Head,R.N Harris, R.P2001{Mesoplankton distribution and copepod grazing in the Subtropical Antlantic near the Azores:Influence of mesocale structures671-691Journal of Plankton Research237NORTH-EAST ATLANTIC, WARM-CORE EDDY, FRONT SOUTHEAST, INGESTION RATE, CYCLONIC EDDY, ZOOPLANKTON, OCEAN, CHLOROPHYLL, PHYTOPLANKTON, REGIONtMesozooplankton distribution and copepod grazing were investigated in the Subtropical Atlantic Ocean near the Azores during the AZORES I (August) and II (April-May) cruises. Mesozooplankton biomass and abundance remained low throughout the region, but significant increases were found related to the presence of the Azores Front. The Azores Front also exhibited maximum values of copepod community ingestion, reaching 250 mg C m(-2) ingested daily. This increase in ingestion was related to increases in copepod abundance, but not in copepod gut contents. Alb relationship was found between gut contents, or ingestion, and phytoplankton biomass or production. Daily cycles were found in copepod gut contents, being higher during the night, but not in copepod abundance. Multidimensional scaling analysis revealed differences in copepod taxonomic composition between both sides of the front. During spring, daily copepod ingestion represents an average of 6% of the integrated chlorophyll (Chl) a concentration and 22% of the primary production. These percentages increase to 15% of Chl and 61% of production if we only consider large (>2 mum) phytoplankton. No clear influence of the cyclonic eddy LETICIA was found in mesozooplankton biomass or grazing. A significant effect of the Great Meteor Tablemount was found in copepod abundance and grazing, with higher values located west of the mount. ?"Joint,I Williams,P.J.Leb Savidge,G2001|Comparisons of plankton at 59 N and 37 N during two langragian drift experiments in the North Atlantic in june and July 1996 1043-1061Deep-Sea Research part II 48MICROZOOPLANKTON, CARBON, SEA Data are summarised for two Lagrangian experiments in the North Atlantic in early summer 1996. At 59 degreesN 20 degreesW, plankton dynamics was studied in an SF, tracer release experiment within a mesoscale eddy over a 9-day period. At 37 degreesN 20 degreesW, a second experiment followed a drifting buoy for 7 days. The data obtained in these two experiments have been averaged for 3 depth strata; the euphotic zone, the surface mixed layer (SML), and the seasonal thermocline immediately beneath the surface mixed layer. At 59 degreesN, the euphotic zone was only marginally deeper than the SML, but at 37 degreesN the SML was ca 30 m and the euphotic depth was ca 110 m. At 37 degreesN, nutrient concentrations in the SML were low but significant new production occurred in the thermocline because of light penetration into the nutricline. The particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration of the SML at 59 degreesN was 13-15 mu mol C kg(-1), but at 37 degreesN POC concentrations were 4 mu mol C kg(-1). These POC measurements include biota and detritus. As a way of investigating latitudinal differences in the plankton communities, estimates have been made of the carbon and nitrogen content of phytoplankton, bacterioplankton, microzooplankton and mesozooplankton. At both 59 degreesN and 37 degreesN, phytoplankton was the largest component, accounting for ca 50% of the planktonic biomass in the SML. At 59 degreesN, microzooplankton was 16% of the planktonic carbon, but at 37 degreesN this reduced to 8% of the total. Mesozooplankton was a relatively constant proportion (ca 20%) of the planktonic carbon in the SML at both 59 degreesN and 37 degreesN. Bacterioplankton was 14% of the biomass at 59 degreesN, increasing to 24% in the microbial loop-dominated system at 37 degreesN. Mean carbon fixation rate in the oligotrophic southern station was 24% of that at the north, with more carbon fixation below the SML at 37 degreesN than at 59 degreesN. Respiration rates showed little variation with latitude, and the rates at 37 degreesN were 80% of those at 59 degreesN. Nitrate and ammonium uptake rates were very low in the oligotrophic conditions in the SML at 37 degreesN, but nitrate uptake in the euphotic zone was comparable to that at 59 degreesN. Ammonium uptake by phytoplankton was also significantly greater at 37 degreesN, in both the euphotic zone and thermocline, but uptake in the SML was only 20% of that in the SML at 59 degreesN. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.>? Kaartvedt, S.1989WNocturnal Swimming of Gammaridean Amphipod and Cumacean Crustacea in Masfjorden, Norway187-193Sarsia743://A1989CB38600004,Times Cited: 17 English Article CB386 SARSIASarsiaISI:A1989CB38600004}UNIV BERGEN,DEPT MARINE BIOL,N-5065 BLOMSTERDALEN,NORWAY KAARTVEDT S UNIV BERGEN,DEPT MARINE BIOL,N-5065 BLOMSTERDALEN,NORWAY>? Kaartvedt, S.1996iHabitat preference during overwintering and timing of seasonal vertical migration of Calanus finmarchicus145-156Ophelia441-3nova-scotia shelf; fish benthosema-glaciale; western norway; life-history; winter distribution; st-lawrence; zooplankton; copepod; micronekton; variabilityAprCalanus finmarchicus (Copepoda) appears to be very flexible with respect to physical characteristics of the overwintering habitat. Data from the literature document successful overwintering at depths ranging from about 2000 m to near the surface, and temperatures ranging from -1 to +11 degrees C. I argue that reducing encounters with predators may be a major driving force for C. finmarchicus to select their overwintering habitat. Preliminary analyses from Norwegian fjords suggest that overwintering C. finmarchicus may distribute vertically so as to reduce danger of predation by mesopelagic fish. Episodic presence of planktivorous fish may influence timing of seasonal vertical migrations of Calanus populations.://A1996UP52100010-Times Cited: 20 English Article UP521 OPHELIAOpheliaISI:A1996UP52100010kUNIV OSLO,INST BIOL,POB 1064,N-0316 OSLO,NORWAY Kaartvedt S UNIV OSLO,INST BIOL,POB 1064,N-0316 OSLO,NORWAYe>?KKaartvedt, S. Vandover, C. L. Mullineaux, L. S. Wiebe, P. H. Bollens, S. M.1994.Amphipods on a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Treadmill179-1956Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers411mid-atlantic ridge; oxygen-consumption; euphausia-superba; vent field; ocean; macrozooplankton; communities; swarms; rates; sizeJanConspicuous swarms of a pardaliscid amphipod were observed at about 2520 and 2580 m depth in the East Pacific Rise vent field during dives with the submersible Alvin. Swarms occurred in association with mussels, clams and tubeworms, and were located above, and immediately downstream of cracks with emanating hydrothermal water. Numerical density sometimes exceeded 1000 individuals l-1, which is 3 orders of magnitude greater than and previous report on pelagic crustaceans from the deep sea. The amphipods, however, were not obligatory swarmers, and thin- layered shoals and scattered individuals were observed. Orientation of individuals was often polarized as they headed into the venting flow, swimming vigorously at 5-10 cm s-1 to maintain their position in the current. Retention within the preferred habitat requires an average swimming speed corresponding to the average current speed, suggesting a sustained swimming of >10 body lengths s-1. These observations contrast with the general concept of low swimming activity in deep-sea crustaceans.://A1994NA80700010BTimes Cited: 8 English Article NA807 DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:A1994NA807000105WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT BIOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543?Knud,S Beckmann,W1995INew benthopelagic tharybids (copepoda:calanoida) from the deep N Atlantic199-211Institute of Taxonomic Zoology80?*Koeve,W Pollehne,F Oschlies,A Zeitzschel,B2002XStorm-induced convective export of organic matter during spring in the NE Atlantic ocean1-14Deep-Sea Researchpart IY>?Koppelmann, R. Weikert, H.1992HFull-Depth Zooplankton Profiles over the Deep Bathyal of the Ne Atlantic263-272Marine Ecology-Progress Series863Osea-floor; rates; sedimentation; copepods; surface; fluxes; water; salps; zonesSep&Vertical profiles of zooplankton (size range less than 5 mm) were taken with a 1 m2 MOCNESS (333 mum mesh aperture) from the > 4000 m water column at 2 sites in the NE Atlantic. In the upper 1000 m, the profiles tended to exhibit high variability and were influenced by diurnal migrations, but below, the distributions were nearly similar. The standing crop in the upper 400 m was remarkably low, possibly due to a bloom of salps and their grazing pressure on the phytoplankton crop. The nonlinear decrease of the normalized zooplankton abundance and biomass below 1000 m in the area investigated could be approximated by a power function. The improved regression 'model' revealed no differences between the slopes when compared to biomass data from other marine locations given by various authors. This indicates that the processes of vertical material flux seem to be similar in many bathypelagic systems of the open sea. The y-intercepts, however, showed differences due to either a higher surface productivity in some ocean areas or differences in sampling methods and evaluation of the material. Possible causes which may have led to less of a decrease in zooplankton abundance at greater.depths (below 2500 m) such as food supply, resuspension, upward flux, faunal changes and trophic interactions are discussed.://A1992JW406000068Times Cited: 14 English Article JW406 MAR ECOL-PROGR SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.ISI:A1992JW40600006INST HYDROBIOL & FISCHEREIWISSENSCH,ZEISEWEG 9,W-2000 HAMBURG 50,GERMANY KOPPELMANN R INST HYDROBIOL & FISCHEREIWISSENSCH,ZEISEWEG 9,W-2000 HAMBURG 50,GERMANY?Koppelmann,R Weikert, H1999vTemporal changes of deep-sea mesozooplankton abundance in the temperate NE Atlantic and estimates of the carbon budget27-40Marine Ecology Progress Series179NE Atlantic, deep-sea zooplankton, temporal changes, carbon requireme BIOGENIC PARTICLE FLUXES, BENTHIC BOUNDARY-LAYER, SPATIAL VARIABILITY, OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION, NORTH-ATLANTIC, SEDIMENT TRAP, INSITU RATES, PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE, CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS, MARINE PHYTOPLANKTONFull-depth spring and summer vertical profiles of mesozooplankton numbers and biomass were obtained with a 1 m(2) multiple opening/closing net and environmental sensing system (MOCNESS) from the BIOTRANS (biological vertical transport and energetics in the benthic boundary layer of the deep sea) study area (47 degrees N, 20 degrees W) in the temperate NE Atlantic in 1992. Mesozooplankton abundance was high in spring and less in summer in the upper 750 m. Between 750 and 1050 m differences between these seasons could not be detected. In the upper bathypelagic zone, between 1050 and 2250 m, where abiotic fluctuations are minor, both mesozooplankton biomass and numbers were significantly higher in summer compared to spring. Samples from summer 1989 fitted this pattern. Calanoid copepods of the genus Metridia were the main contributors; most of the major zooplankton groups, though playing a subsidiary role, also showed a significant increase in summer in the upper bathypelagic zone. The increase probably was due to the large transient input of detrital material, which regularly occurred in the course of the phytoplankton spring bloom in the area investigated and may have stimulated the onset of reproduction in the bathypelagic zone. Temporal changes in mesozooplankton abundance could not be detected below 2250 m depth. Metabolic carbon requirements of mesozooplankton, calculated from ETS (electron transport system) data, increased in the bathypelagic zone (1000 to 4250 m) from 1.61 mg C m(-2) d(-1) in spring to 4.12 mg C m(-2) d(-1) in summer. The carbon respired by the bathypelagic micro- and mesozooplankton in summer, based on an assumed spring bloom area of 50 000 km(2), was 893 t C d(-1) as a minimum estimate, which was higher than in spring by a factor of 2.6.-D?OKoslow, J.A. Boehlert, G.W. Gordon, J.D.M. Haedrich, R.L. Lorance, P. Parin, N.1999CThe impact of fishing on Continental slope and Deep-sea ecosystems.3SCOR Symposium on the Ecosystem Impacts of Fishing.Montpellier, France16-19 March, 1999ICES Journal of Marine Science W>??Laj, C. Kissel, C. Mazaud, A. Michel, E. Muscheler, R. Beer, J.2002tGeomagnetic field intensity, North Atlantic Deep Water circulation and atmospheric Delta C-14 during the last 50 kyr177-190#Earth and Planetary Science Letters2001-2magnetic intensity; North Atlantic Deep Water; circulation; C- 14/C-12 earths magnetic-field; radiocarbon calibration; thermohaline circulation; glacial maximum; laschamp excursion; c-14 calibration; nordic seas; time-scale; cal bp; oceanJun 20We present simulated records of past changes in the atmospheric Delta(14)C for the last 50 kyr due to changes in geomagnetic field intensity and in the strength of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). A new geomagnetic record was used, largely based on the NAPIS-75 record [Laj et al., Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London A 358 (2000) 10091025] which has been extended for the 0-20 kyr interval using archeomagnetic and volcanic data. Past changes of the NADW were derived from a mineral magnetic study of the cores used in the construction of NAPIS-75. Two box models of different complexity (4 and 17 boxes) were used to simulate the carbon cycle. Calculated records of Delta(14)C are consistent with experimental determinations for the last 24 kyr. For older ages, the records calculated with variable oceanic circulation conditions reach values as high as 600% (with an average of 500%) between 20 and 40 kyr with maxima around 21, 30 and 38 kyr (GISP2 age model), while low values are observed prior to 42 kyr. Although large inconsistencies in experimental data preclude precise comparison, the average record simulated with the 17-box model is overall consistent with the Icelandic Sea record [Voelker et al., Radiocarbon 40 (1998) 517-534; 42 (2000) 437-452], except for the extremely high peak observed in this record at 40.5 kyr. On the other hand, the results recently reported from a stalagmite recovered from a submerged cave in the Bahamas [Beck et al., Science 292 (2001) 2453-2458] are inconsistent with all our model simulations. In the 20-45 kyr interval, the improved geomagnetic record combined with the new NADW profile allows us to give a modeled evaluation of the relative contribution of these factors to changes in atmospheric Delta(14)C. The average simulation provides a first order modeled correction for conventional radiocarbon ages older than 25 kyr for which no calibration curve is available as yet. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.://000176341100014:Times Cited: 0 English Article 564YL EARTH PLANET SCI LETTEarth Planet. Sci. Lett.ISI:000176341100014 CEA, CNRS, Lab Sci Climat Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France CEA, CNRS, Lab Sci Climat Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France EAWAG, Dept Surface Waters, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland Laj C CEA, CNRS, Lab Sci Climat Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France? Lampert, W1989BThe adaptive signifiance of diel vertical migration of zooplankton21-27Functional Ecology3 ?,Lampitt,R.S Wishner,K.F Turley,C.M Angel,M.V1993xMarine snow studies in the NE Atlantic Ocean: distribution, composition and role as a food source for migrating plankton689-702Marine Biology116VERTICAL NITROGEN FLUX, DIEL MIGRANT BIOTA, DEEP-SEA, CHROOCOCCOID CYANOBACTERIA, COASTAL WATERS, POTENTIAL ROLE, SINKING RATES, FECAL PELLETS, ZOOPLANKTON, PARTICLESz During a 25 d Lagrangian study in May and June 1990 in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, marine snow aggregates were collected using a novel water bottle, and the composition was determined microscopically. The aggregates contained a characteristic signature of a matrix of bacteria, cyanobacteria and autotrophic picoplankton with inter alia inclusions of the tintiniid Dictyocysta elegans and large pennate diatoms. The concentration of bacteria and cyanobacteria was much greater on the aggregates than when free-living by factors of 100 to 6000 and 3000 to 2500000, respectively, depending on depth. Various species of crustacean plankton and micronekton were collected, and the faecal pellets produced after capture were examined. These often contained the marine snow signature, indicating that these organisms had been consuming marine snow. In some cases, marine snow material appeared to dominate the diet. This implies a food-chain short cut whereby material, normally too small to be consumed by the mesozooplankton, and considered to constitute the diet of the microplankton can become part of the diet of organisms higher in the food-chain. The micronekton was dominated by the amphipod Themisto compressa, whose pellets also contained the marine snow signature. Shipboard incubation experiments with this species indicated that (1) it does consume marine snow, and (2) its gut-passage time is sufficiently long for material it has eaten in the upper water to be defecated at its day-time depth of several hundred meters. Plankton and micronekton were collected with nets to examine their vertical distribution and diel migration and to put into context the significance of the flux of material in the guts of migrants. ''Gut flux'' for the T compressa population was calculated to be up to 2% of the flux measured simultaneously by drifting sediment traps and < 5% when all migrants are considered. The in situ abundance and distribution of marine snow aggregates (> 0.6 mm) was examined photographically. A sharp concentration peak was usually encountered in the depth range 40 to 80 m which was not associated with peaks of in situ fluorescence or attenuation but was just below or at the base of the upper mixed layer. The feeding behaviour of zooplankton and nekton may influence these concentration gradients to a considerable extent, and hence affect the flux due to passive settling of marine snow aggregates.?Lance,J1962MEffects of water of reduced salinity on the vertical migration of zooplankton131-154Journal marine biology42k>? Lazzaro, X.1987aA Review of Planktivorous Fishes - Their Evolution, Feeding Behaviors, Selectivities, and Impacts97-167 Hydrobiologia1462Mar 20://A1987G6899000013Times Cited: 167 English Review G6899 HYDROBIOLOGIA HydrobiologiaISI:A1987G689900001<INST FRANCAIS RECH SCIE DEV COOPERAT,F-75480 PARIS 10,FRANCEx? Le Fevre, J.1986)Aspects of the biology of frontal systems163-299Advances in Marine Biology2?Lima,S.L Dill,L.M1989MBehavioral decisions made under the risk of predation:a review and prospectus619-639?Longhurst, A.R. Harrison, W.G.1988SVertical nitrogen flux from the photic zone by diel migrant zooplankton and nekton.881-889Deep-Sea Research35?Longhurst, A.R. Harrison, W.G.1989WThe biological pump: profiles of plankton production and consumption in the upper ocean47-123Progress in Oceanography22?Lopukhin, A.S.1986GDistribution of ATP Concentration Above Seamounts in the Atlantic Ocean361-365 Oceanology263@Seamount, ATP, Atlantic Ocean, microplankton, Mid Atlantic RidgeThe distribution of microplankton ATP consentrations near seamount in the Atlantic was studied. The maximum consentration proved to occur in euphotic areas above the slopes of the seamounts, while the microplankton concentration was considerably smaller directly above the summits.?%Lozier,M.S Brechner Owens,W Curry,R.G1995%The climatology of the North Atlantic1-44Progress in Oceanography36 ?Madge,L.S Smith,D.K1995NSeamount volcanism at the Reykjanes Ridge:relationship to the Iceland hot spot 8449-8468Journal of Geophysical Research100B5MMID-ATLANTIC RIDGE, EAST PACIFIC RISE, LAVA FLOWS, SEGMENTATION, PLUME, OCEAN The axial zone of the Reykjanes Ridge is covered with small (0.5-3 lan in diameter) volcanoes that pile together to form larger axial volcanic ridges. This style of volcanism is similar to that at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) and may be common to slow spreading ridges despite proximity of the Reykjanes Ridge to the Iceland hot spot. In this study we quantitatively investigate the population of seamounts in three study areas at the Reykjanes Ridge. Areas A and B are centered at 62 degrees N and 60 degrees N, respectively. Area C is centered at 58 degrees N and is located south of the transition in ridge morphology from an axial high to an axial graben. Using multibeam bathymetry data, 541 seamounts (summit height H > 50 m) were identified in the three areas, and their size and shape statistics were compiled. Additionally, 105 seamounts in areas B and C were recognized in deep-towed side scan images, and their surface morphologies (hummocky or smooth) were recorded. On the basis of estimated population parameters, we find that seamounts at the Reykjanes Ridge are more abundant (310 +/- 20 per 10(3) km(2)), on average, than at the MAR between 24 degrees and 30 degrees N (200 +/- 10 per 10(3) km(2)). Significant along-axis variations exist at the Reykjanes Ridge, however, which are not simply related to distance from the hot spot: area B has nearly twice the abundance of seamounts as either area A or area C. Variation in the characteristic height of the seamount population is also observed between the Reykjanes Ridge (68 +/- 2 m) and the MAR (58 +/- 2 m), but no significant variation is found between our three study areas. A dramatic change in seamount surface morphology occurs between areas B and C (there are no side scan data from area A). Area C has 78% hummocky seamounts (similar to the proportion observed at the MAR), while area B has 83% smooth seamounts. On the basis of these results, we present a conceptual model for building the shallow crust at the slow spreading Reykjanes Ridge that takes into account the possible influence of the Iceland hot spot on the crustal melt delivery system and its influence on variables that control seamount abundances, sizes, shapes, and surface morphologies. In this model we suggest that the increased seamount production and proliferation of smooth seamounts in area B may be associated with a pulse of hot spot material, in the form of asthenosphere of higher temperature, that has recently affected area B.?Mauchline,J Gordon,J.D.M1991cOceanic pelagic prey of benthopelagic fish in the benthic boundary layer of marginal oceanic region109-115Marine Ecology Progress Series74NORTHEASTERN ATLANTIC-OCEAN, SANTA-CATALINA BASIN, DEEP-SEA FISH, ROCKALL TROUGH, NEAR-BOTTOM, MIDWATER, WATER, FLOOR, HYDROGRAPHY, ZOOPLANKTONbThe availability of oceanic plankton and micronekton to the benthopelagic fish assemblages on the slopes of the Rockall Trough, a marginal region of the northeast Atlantic deep-sea environment, is examined. The vertical distribution of pelagic species predated by the fish was determined in the off-slope water column, as were the depths at which they are predated by the fish in the benthic boundary layer of the slope. The benthopelagic fish predated pelagic species at depths on the slope corresponding to the daytime depths of the pelagic prey. The occurrence of these pelagic species at the benthic boundary layer is primarily through truncation of their pelagic vertical distributions rather than horizontal impingement, although this does occur: this applies not only to epi- and mesopelagic but also to the bathypelagic species which can even reach abyssal sediments. Diel vertical migration of the pelagic species did not make them available to slope fishes in shallower depths presumably because vertical migration is strictly upwards within the pelagic water column and not up the contours of the slope sedimentc?AMaycas,E.R Bourdillon,A Macquart-Moulin,C Passelaigue,F Patriti,G1999mDiel variations of the bathymetric distribution of zooplancton groups and biomass in Cap-Ferret Canyon,France 2081-2099Deep-Sea Research part II 46NORTHWESTERN MEDITERRANEAN-SEA, VERTICAL NITROGEN FLUX, SUBMARINE CANYONS, RESPIRATORY CARBON, CALANUS-PACIFICUS, MIGRANT BIOTA, NEAR-BOTTOM, MIGRATION, COPEPOD, SHELFThe bathymetric distribution, abundance and diel vertical migrations (DVM) of zooplankton were investigated along the axis of the Cap-Ferret Canyon (Bay of Biscay, French Atlantic coast) by a consecutive series of synchronous net hauls that sampled the whole water column (0-2000 m in depth) during a diel cycle. The distribution of appendicularians (maximum 189 individuals m(-3)), cladocerans (maximum 287 individuals m(-3)), copepods (copepods < 4 mm, maximum 773 individuals m(-3), copepods > 4 mm, maximum 13 individuals m(-3)), ostracods (maximum 8 individuals m(-3)), siphonophores (maximum > 2 individuals m(-3)) and peracarids (maximum > 600 individuals 1000 m(-3)) were analysed and represented by isoline diagrams. The biomass of total zooplankton (maximum 18419 mu g C m(-3), 3780 mu g N m(-3)) and large copepods ( > 4 mm maximum 2256 mu g C m(-3), 425 mu g N m(-3)) also were determined. Vertical migration was absent or affected only the epipelagic zone for appendicularians, cladocerans, small copepods and siphonophores. Average amplitude of vertical migration was about 400-500 m for ostracods, some hyperiids and mysids, and large copepods, which were often present in the epipelagic, mesopelagic, and bathypelagic zones. Large copepods can constitute more than 80% of the biomass corresponding to total zooplankton. They may play an important role in the active vertical transfer of carbon and nitrogen. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.i?Mees,J Jones,M.B1997The hyperbenthos221-255Oceanography and Marine Biology35\? Menard, H.W.1964Marine Geology of the PacificNew York McGraw-HillE>?7Morales, C. E. Bedo, A. Harris, R. P. Tranter, P. R. G.1991eGrazing of Copepod Assemblages in the North-East Atlantic - the Importance of the Small Size Fraction455-472Journal of Plankton Research132continuous plankton records; vertical-distribution; calanus- finmarchicus; pigment destruction; temora-longicornis; feeding patterns; gut clearance; acartia-tonsa; phytoplankton; ratesMarThe North Atlantic was the site for the 1989 JGOFS Pilot Study, an international study of ocean fluxes in relation to the carbon cycle. In this paper we present preliminary estimates of the grazing pressure by copepod assemblages at four stations: 60, 56, 52 and 47-degrees-N, along the JGOFS 20- degrees-W transect, during June-July. Three major size fractions of mesoplanktonic copepods were considered: small (200-500-mu-m), medium (500-1000-mu-m) and large (1000-2000-mu- m). At each station, copepod composition and abundance were analysed and the gut fluorescence method was used to estimate ingestion rates. The results support the importance of the small size fraction relative to the other fractions, in terms of numerical abundance and their grazing impact. However, the total grazing pressure of copepods on phytoplankton was relatively minor during the period of sampling since the fraction of phytoplankton standing stock and primary production consumed by the copepods was on average < 1 and 2% respectively. The implications of these results as well as the potential sources of bias involved in these types of measurements and estimations are discussed.://A1991EZ435000134Times Cited: 89 English Article EZ435 J PLANKTON RESJ. Plankton Res.ISI:A1991EZ43500013PLYMOUTH MARINE LAB,PROSPECT PL,W HOE,PLYMOUTH PL1 3DH,ENGLAND MORALES CE PLYMOUTH MARINE LAB,PROSPECT PL,W HOE,PLYMOUTH PL1 3DH,ENGLAND?)Morato, T Sola, E. Gros, M.P. Menezes, G.2001Feeding habits of two congener species of seabreams, Pagellus bogaraveo and Pagellus acarne, off the Azores (Northeastern Atlantic) during spring of 1996 and 1997. 1073-1087Bulletin of Marine Science693>?-Negre-Sadargues, G. Castillo, R. Segonzac, M.2000Carotenoid pigments and trophic behaviour of deep-sea shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alvinocarididae) from a hydrothermal area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge293-300NComparative Biochemistry and Physiology a-Molecular and Integrative Physiology1273carotenoid; deep-sea shrimps; hydrothermal site; metabolism; origin; pigments; trophic behaviour rimicaris-exoculata; penaeus-japonicus; vent shrimps; metabolism; prawn; bresiliidae; morphology; eyeNovPigments and trophic behaviour of three species of Alvinocarididae from a Mid-Atlantic hydrothermal site were analysed. Carotenoid pigments are responsible for the more or less marked colouration of these animals. The carotenoid content of whole animals and different tissues were evaluated. Rimicaris exoculata exhibits an increased carotenoid level at the juvenile stage, while Chorocaris chacei and Alvinocaris maskensis contain only few traces of pigment. Free and esterified astaxanthin, reported for most pelagic crustaceans, are present in these deep-sea shrimps. The origin of carotenoids of crustaceans living in the aphotic zone is discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.://000166034900005>Times Cited: 0 English Article 385ZK COMP BIOCHEM PHYSIOL PT A/Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol.ISI:000166034900005%Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Ecophysiol Invertebres, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Ecophysiol Invertebres, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France IFREMER, CENTOB, F-29280 Plouzane, France Negre-Sadargues G Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Ecophysiol Invertebres, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France? Neill,W.E1992XPopulation variation in the ontogeny of prtedator-induced vertical migration of copepods54-57Nature356b? Neumann, G.1968Ocean currents352Amsterdam, London, New YorkElsevieru? Noji, T.T.1991?The influence of macrozooplankton on vertical particulate flux.1-9sarsia76?"Ohman,M.D Theilacker,G.H Kaupp,S.E1991mImmunochemical detection of predation on ciliate protists by larvae of the Northern Anchovy(engraulis mordax)550-504 Biol. Bull.181 >?Osgood, K. E. Frost, B. W.1994sOntogenic Diel Vertical Migration Behaviors of the Marine Planktonic Copepods Calanus-Pacificus and Metridia-Lucens13-25Marine Ecology-Progress Series1041-2diel vertical migration; calanus pacificus; metrida lucens; zooplankton; dabob bay adaptive significance; euphausia-pacifica; feeding-behavior; north pacific; inland sea; zooplankton; ocean; prey; helgolandicus; finmarchicusJan.Daytime and nighttime vertically stratified zooplankton samples spanning the entire water column were obtained from Dabob Bay, Washington, USA, during several years. Vertical distributions of all the copepodid stages of Calanus pacificus and Metridia lucens were analyzed from 8 cruises representing the range of seasons, as well as several dates when inferred invertebrate or vertebrate predation pressures on zooplankton were strong or weak. Migration behaviors of similar-sized stages of C. pacificus and M. lucens differed. C. pacificus was closely associated with the surface waters; a large percentage of every stage was always in the surface 50 m at night except when the C5s were in diapause. During the day the different stages of C. pacificus showed varying degrees of avoidance of the surface layers, with the older, larger stages generally being deeper. The C4 and younger stages were particularly tied to the surface waters, with the majority of the population usually in the top 25 m during the day and night. M. lucens was less strongly associated with the surface layers. While the adult females, and usually the C5s, underwent a normal diel vetical migration (DVM), entering the surface 50 m at night, the vast majority of the adult males always stadyed below 75 m. The C4 and younger stages showed more varied behavior. On some dates they underwent a reverse DVM, avoiding the surface 25 m at night, at other times they avoided the surface 10 m particularly during the day, while on still other dates the C3 and younger stages avoided the surface 25 m day and night. On most dates there were significant portions of all the stages in the deepest layers sampled. Differences in the 2 species' migration behavior may be due to differences in their susceptibility to predation, or some additional aspect of their biologies.://A1994MV239000028Times Cited: 21 English Article MV239 MAR ECOL-PROGR SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.ISI:A1994MV23900002oUNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,WB-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195 OSGOOD KE UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,WB-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195y? Ottens, J.J1992[April and August northeast Atlantic surface water masses reflected in planktic foraminifera261-283#Netherlands Journal of Sae Research28 (4)}COLD-CORE EDDY, PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH, AZORES FRONT, CANARY BASIN, EASTERN, ZOOPLANKTON, CIRCULATION, CHLOROPHYLL, SHELF, FLOW?Northeast Atlantic surface water masses and corresponding frontal zones were alike in April and August, although April frontal zones were enlarged compared to August. The observed water masses and fronts are the Subpolar Water (SW), the Subpolar Front (SF), the North Atlantic Current (NAC), North Atlantic Transitional Water (NATW), the Azores Frontal Zone (AFZ) and the Azores Current (AC). During August, clusters of relative and absolute frequencies of planktic foraminifera corresponded with water masses as conventionally distinguished on oceanic conditions. However, the distinct faunal assemblages deviated from the observed oceanic regime in April, when the transition between the immutable winter and the highly variable spring periods resulted in broad frontal zones. Under those conditions absolute frequencies and information indices prove to be better suited to characterize oceanic conditions than assemblage composition. The highly mixed and migrating fronts strongly influenced the planktic community and affected the horizontal as well as vertical species distribution.?Pierrot-Bults, A.C1975Utaxonomy and zoogeography of sagitta planctonis Steinhaus, 1896 in the Atlantic Ocean27-51Institute of Taxonomic Zoology23(297)?Read,J.F2001FCONVEX-91: wter masses and circulation of the NE Atlantic supolar gyre461-510Progress in Oceanography48?MRibera Maycas, E. Bourdillon, A. Macquart-Molin, C. Passelaigue, F Patriti, G1999mDiel Variations of the bathymetric distributio of zooplankton groups and biomass in Cap-Ferret Canyon, France 2081-2099Deep-Sea Research II46$?#Rice, A.L. Thurson, M.H. Bett, B.J.1994The IOSDL DEEPSEAS Programme: introduction and photographic evidence for the presence and absence of a seasonal input of phytodetritus at contrasting abyssal sites in the north-eastern Atlantic. 1305-1320Deep-Sea Research I41? Ringelberg,J1995=Is diel vertical migration possible without a rythmic signal?653-655Journal of Plankton Research173 c>?6Rocha, L. A. Bass, A. L. Robertson, D. R. Bowen, B. W.2002Adult habitat preferences, larval dispersal, and the comparative phylogeography of three Atlantic surgeonfishes (Teleostei : Acanthuridae)243-252Molecular Ecology112Acanthurus; biogeography; Brazil; Caribbean; central Atlantic islands; dispersal; reef fishes coral-reef fishes; mitochondrial-dna; patternsFebAlthough many reef fishes of the tropical Atlantic are widely distributed, there are large discontinuities that may strongly influence phylogeographical patterns. The freshwater outflow of the Amazon basin is recognized as a major barrier that produces a break between Brazilian and Caribbean faunas. The vast oceanic distances between Brazil and the mid-Atlantic ridge islands represent another formidable barrier. To assess the relative importance of these barriers, we compared a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b gene among populations of three species of Atlantic surgeonfishes:Acanthurus bahianus, A. chirurgus and A. coeruleus. These species have similar life histories but different adult habitat preferences. The mtDNA data show no population structure between Brazil and the mid-Atlantic islands, indicating that this oceanic barrier is readily traversed by the pelagic larval stage of all three surgeonfishes, which spend similar to45-70 days in the pelagic environment. The Amazon is a strong barrier to dispersal of A. bahianus (d = 0.024, Phi(ST) = 0.724), a modest barrier for A. coeruleus (Phi(ST) = 0.356), and has no discernible effect as a barrier for A. chirurgus. The later species has been collected on soft bottoms with sponge habitats under the Amazon outflow, indicating that relaxed adult habitat requirements enable it to readily cross that barrier. A limited ability to use soft bottom habitats may also explain the low (but significant) population structure in A. coeruleus. In contrast, A. bahianus has not been collected over deep sponge bottoms, and rarely settles outside shallow reefs. Overall, adult habitat preferences seem to be the factor that differentiates phylogeographical patterns in these reef-associated species.://000173726200008-Times Cited: 0 English Article 519KV MOL ECOL Mol. Ecol.ISI:000173726200008dUniv Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA Smithsonian Trop Res Inst Panama, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA Rocha LA Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA? Roden, G.I1987JEffect of seamount chains on ocean circulation and thermohaline structure.335-354Geophysical monograph 430Keating, B.H. Fryer, P. Batiza, R Boehlert, G.W. Washington DCAmerican Geophysical Union? Roe,H.S.J1984fThe diel migrations and distributions within a mesopelagic community in the NE Atlantic 4 the copepods353-388Progress in Oceanography13h? Rogers, A.D.1994The biology of Seamounts305-350Advances in Marine Biology30 ? Rossby, T1996CThe North Atlantic current and surrounding waters:at the crossroads463-481Reviews of Geophysics34EDDY KINETIC-ENERGY, GULF-STREAM, GRAND-BANKS, MEAN CIRCULATION, MESOSCALE VARIABILITY, MEANDERING JET, SOUTHEAST, NEWFOUNDLAND, AZORES, TRANSPORTThe North Atlantic Current is a well-defined western boundary current that flows north along the east side of the Grand Banks from 40 degrees to 51 degrees N, where it turns sharply to the east and begins its journey across the ocean. The current is unique in transporting warm tropical waters to much higher latitudes than any other western boundary current and thus plays a crucial role in ameliorating the climate of the European subcontinent. The North Atlantic Current originates in the Gulf Stream when the latter curves north around the Southeast Newfoundland Rise, a major submarine ridge that stretches SE from the Grand Banks. A well-defined front delineates the path of the current as long as it flows north as a western boundary current. After the current turns east in the north, it broadens into a widening band of eastward drift without a sharp or permanent front in the sense of the eastward flowing Gulf Stream after it separates from Cape Hatteras. The North Atlantic Current transports more than 40 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) in the south and about 20 Sv by the time it flows east across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The currents along the northward flowing front are quite swift, with typical maximum average speeds in the upper 300 m near 1 m s(-1) (= 2 knots). The current meanders almost as wildly as a ''snaking'' river, but unlike steep meanders in the Gulf Stream these meanders appear to be stable, and with one exception have not been observed to break off to form pools of warm and/or cold waters as frequently occurs in the Gulf Stream. The meanders appear to be induced by major topographic features along the path of the current, namely, the Southeast Newfoundland Rise, the Newfoundland Seamounts, and Flemish Cap. Strong recirculations develop on the concave side of the meanders. One of these, the ''Mann eddy'' at the first meander crest of the North Atlantic Current, should be regarded as a permanent feature of the North Atlantic circulation. Other meanders also contain recirculations that can persist for months. Under certain conditions these can merge together to form an extended SW flow (recirculation) just east of the North Atlantic Current. ? Rossby,T1999On gyre interactions139-164Deep-Sea Research part II 46NORTH-ATLANTIC CURRENT, GULF-STREAM MEANDERS, POTENTIAL VORTICITY, SURROUNDING WATERS, FLUID EXCHANGE, CAPE-HATTERAS, SARGASSO SEA, VARIABILITY, TRANSPORT, CIRCULATIONThe principal meeting point of the subtropical and subpolar gyres of the North Atlantic is at the Tail of the Grand Banks where the two western boundary currents, the Gulf Stream and Labrador Current, join forces as the North Atlantic Current, which flows northeast almost 10 degrees in latitude before turning east as the Subpolar Front, ultimately feeding the Labrador and Nordic Seas and the thermohaline overturning. After the Gulf Stream turns into the North Atlantic Current at the Grand Banks, its role shifts from a wind-driven current to a link in the large-scale thermohaline circulation. The processes governing this transition, in particular the continued transport north of mass and heat, are questions of considerable climatic importance. The North Atlantic Current is a very unusual western boundary current in that its mass transport decreases in the downstream direction. The mean path and annual shifting of the eastward flowing Gulf Stream is conjectured to result from a time-varying shelf-Slope Water overflow of waters from the Labrador shelf. As the volume transport increases in fall and deepens the Slope Water pycnocline, it forces the Gulf Stream south and deepens the Sargasso Sea thermocline as well. The timing of these steps governs the June maximum in baroclinic transport. There is some evidence that this 'back-door' gyre interaction may operate on interannual time scales as well. The question then arises whether the shelf-to-Slope Water Sea transport also plays a role in governing the separation of the Gulf Stream. The widely observed robustness of the width of the Gulf Stream appears to result from a tight balance between the release of available potential energy and the kinetic energy of the current. A broader current would release more energy than can be 'disposed of', while a narrower current requires more kinetic energy than is available to sustain it. It is shown that for plausible dissipation rates in the recirculation gyres, the amount of energy that needs to be expelled from the Gulf Stream is such a small fraction of that advected through as to be vitually undetectable, hence the stiffness of the current. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.>? Rudenko, M. V.1992pSome Results Research of the Seamounts in the Atlantic-Ocean on the Submarine Inhabited Apparatus Pisces and Mir309-315 Okeanologiya322Mar-AprOn the basis of the original data of the echo-sounding surveys and visual observation from the submarine apparatus the opinion about nature, morphologic differences of seamounts as a result of the regional tectonic and plate tectonic is given.://A1992HT433000171Times Cited: 0 Russian Article HT433 OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:A1992HT43300017^PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,KALININGRAD,USSR RUDENKO MV PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,KALININGRAD,USSRU?  Rudenko, M.V.1992,Pisces and Mir Studies on Atlantic Seamounts208-211 Oceanology322!Seamounts, Atlantic, submersiblesDetailed echo-sounding measurements and observations from submersibles are used to demonstrate geological and tectonical differences in origin, growth, and morphology of Atlantic seamounts.>? BSaiz, E. Tiselius, P. Jonsson, P. R. Verity, P. Paffenhofer, G. A.1993gExperimental Records of the Effects of Food Patchiness and Predation on Egg-Production of Acartia-Tonsa280-289Limnology and Oceanography382planktonic copepod; marine copepod; vertical migration; zooplankton; phytoplankton; heterogeneity; environments; behavior; microscale; ingestionMarThe effects of predation and spatial patchiness in food distribution on egg production of the marine calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa were investigated in the laboratory. A postexperiment egg production method was developed to override the decline in number of copepods due to predation. The copepods were able to remain in food patches about 41-47% of the time, and consequently egg production rates were higher than expected from the average food concentration. Predation by the calanoid copepod Labidocera aestiva tended to increase egg production rates of A. tonsa. The interaction of patchiness and predation resulted in relatively less time spent by A. tonsa in the food patches, probably as a consequence of conflict between hunger level and predation risk.://A1993LD675000045Times Cited: 24 English Article LD675 LIMNOL OCEANOGRLimnol. Oceanogr.ISI:A1993LD67500004SKIDAWAY INST OCEANOG,SAVANNAH,GA 31416 TJARNO MARINE BIOL LAB,S-45296 STROMSTAD,SWEDEN SKIDAWAY INST OCEANOG,SAVANNAH,GA 31416? %Schiebel,R Waniek,J Zeltner,A Alves,M2000rImpact of the Azores front on the distribution of planktic foraminifers, shelled gastropods, and coccolithophorids1-16Deep-Sea Researchpart II >?Schmitz, W. J. McCartney, M. S.1993!On the North-Atlantic Circulation29-49Reviews of Geophysics311antarctic intermediate water; western boundary current; gulf- stream; sverdrup transports; norwegian-greenland; wind stress; ocean; abaco; east; heatFeb|A new, speculative, and, we hope, provocative summary of the North Atlantic circulation is described, including both horizontal currents (wind-driven) and the primarily (thermohaline) meridional flows that involve the transformation of warm to cold water at high latitudes. Our picture is based on a synthesis of a variety of independent investigations that are contained in the literature as opposed to a presentation of the results of one technique or the point of view of one author. We describe a thermohaline cell (the so-called thermohaline conveyor belt) that is concentrated within the Atlantic and Southern oceans (rather than essentially global), with the most important upwelling sites being in the circumpolar and the equatorial current regimes. We concentrate on deep water formation and its replacement relative to intermediate-water formation. It has been pointed out recently that the formation of 13 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m3 s-1) of southward flowing North Atlantic Deep Water is compensated for in the upper ocean by northward cross-equatorial transport. We suggest that this thermocline layer flow passes through the Straits of Florida. transits the Gulf Stream system on its inshore side, and exits through the North Atlantic Current system after recirculation and modification. There is now a clear observational basis for the structure of recirculating gyres on the southern and northern sides of the Gulf Stream. We suggest a recirculation for the North Atlantic Current as well. We also describe a C-shaped component to the southern Gulf Stream recirculation and identify a roughly 10-Sv circulation in the eastern North Atlantic associated with the Azores Current. Recirculations play an important role in deep boundary current regimes and in water mass formation and modification. The transport of the deep western and northern boundary currents in the North Atlantic Ocean may be boosted (roughly doubled or tripled) by counter-clockwise recirculating gyres and by additions of modified bottom or intermediate water. While the North Atlantic is the most completely observed ocean, there are still significant gaps in our knowledge of its circulation.://A1993KY295000021Times Cited: 218 English Review KY295 REV GEOPHYS Rev. Geophys.ISI:A1993KY29500002zWOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,CLARK LAB 3,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543 SCHMITZ WJ WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,CLARK LAB 3,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543?Schults, K. Beckmann, W1995NNew benthopelagic Tharybdis (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the deep north Atalntic199-211Sarsia80?'Schut,E.W Uenzelmann-Neben,G Gersonde,R2002ASeismic evidence for bottom current activity at the Agulhas Ridge1-14Global and Planetary Change721?Shelbourne,J.E1962IA predator-prey size relationship for plaice larvae feeding on OIKOPLEURA243-252Journal marine biology42X>?"Shushkina, E. A. Vinogradov, M. E.1992NVertical-Distribution of Zooplankton in the Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California)881-887 Okeanologiya325 sea; oceanSep-OctVertical distribution of various taxonomic groups and different size fractions of meso- and macroplankton was studied in the water column in the vicinity of the Guyamas Basin hydrothermal fields. Plankton numbers were estimated with the aid of 150 l water bottles (lowerd to 750 m), BP 113/140 plankton nets (up to 1800 m) and by direct counting in a registration cube of the <> deep manned submersible (to the bottom - 2053 m). The plankton distribution is essentially influenced by oxygen minimum (less than 0.1 ml/l) in the intermediate layers. However the depletion of zooplankton biomass in the oxygen minimum layer is much less pronounced than other areas with such a minimum. The reasons for this phenomenon are not clear. In the near-bottom layer there is a slight increase of biomass due to Ctenophora, large copepods and to a lesser extent, decapods and amphipods. This enrichment does not seem to be related to the effects of hydrothermal fields.://A1992JY350000121Times Cited: 3 Russian Article JY350 OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:A1992JY35000012VPP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,USSR SHUSHKINA EA PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,USSR>?@Shushkina, E. A. Vinogradov, M. E. Dyakonov, V. Y. Nezlin, N. P.1999Structural peculiarities of epipelagic communities of the North Atlantic in the waters of different productivity estimated from remote sensing768-775 Okeanologiya3957pacific-ocean; world ocean; satellite; plankton; stocksSep-OctnThe calculated and measured biomass values of small (<3 mm), large (3-30 mm) and total mesoplankton were verfied (compared). Two methods were used to estimate these integral parameters of epipelagic communities. Firstly, we used the estimated earlier regression equations, which correlate these parameters with water transparency. Secondly, we compared the measured values of the listed parameters with calculated mean values typical for waters of different productivity estimated from remote sensed maps produced by NASA. We compared the data for 15 stations collected in September-December in the waters of different productivity in the North Atlantic. In the warm regions (to south from 40 degrees N) the measured and calculated values were close to each other. In the boreal regions in autumn the bulk of mesoplankton descended to deep layers due to seasonal migrations; hence, the agreement between the measured and calculated values was broken. Thus, the correction to season should be included into the actual correlation equations between water transparency and mesoplankton biomass (the integral index of water productivity).://0000837917000141Times Cited: 1 Russian Article 257PX OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:000083791700014PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia Shushkina EA PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia>?2Shushkina, E. A. Vinogradov, M. E. Lebedeva, L. P.1998The biotic balance in the ocean and estimation of the organic matter flux from the epipelagial made on the basis of satellites and field data694-702 Okeanologiya385Lpacific-ocean; world ocean; ecosystems; phytoplankton; communities; planktonSep-OctaOn the basis of satellite estimation of chlorophyll concentration in the near-surface layers and correlated distribution of various ecosystem parameters (which had been revealed during the ecosystem cruises of Oceanology Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences), the elements of biotic balance of the oceanic pelagial were calculated. Algorithms described earlier have allowed to calculate values of production of the main ecosystem components (phytoplankton, bacteria, protrozoans, mesoplankton) in trophically variable oceanic areas. The shares of these components in the total heterotrophic destruction were evaluated. The rates of detritus production and values of its flux from epipelagial to depths >200 m were calculated. In various areas values of this flux range from 18 to 5% of the primary photoshynthetic production and from 50 to 15% of the total detritus production in the upper 200-m layer. The total heterotrophic destruction in the oceanic epipelagial (0-200 m) was estimated as 86 x 10(9) t C per year and the biotic balance appears when the value of the total primary production is 100 x 109 t per year.://0000774268000071Times Cited: 3 Russian Article 146KA OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:000077426800007PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia Shushkina EA PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia>?2Shushkina, E. A. Vinogradov, M. E. Lebedeva, L. P.2000nProcesses of detritus production and fluxes of organic matter from epipelagic zones in different ocean regions183-191 Oceanology402communities; layerMar-AprThe processes of detritus production in epipelagic communities were analyzed on the basis of the ecosystem data collected in the expeditions of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences in different regions of the World Ocean (about 300 stations). The developed algorithm was used to estimate the detritus production and the part of it that was not consumed in the upper 200-m layer and sank to the deeper layers. The roles of different organisms of plankton in the process of detritus production and consumption are evaluated. The maximum contribution to the detritus production value is made by small mesozooplankton (0.2-3 mm)-60-80%; dying large phytoplankton (>15 mu m)-10-30%; large mesozooplankton (>3- 5 mm)-4-20%. The major part of the detritus production (60-80%) is produced from food, which was not assimilated by the mesoplanktonic animals. In the epipelagic zones, this detritus is mainly grazed by bacteria (50-90%), protozoa ( 10-35%), and zooplankton (1-15%). The possibility of approximate estimation of the flux of organic matter from the biomass values of large and total mesozooplankton in the waters of different productivity is discussed.://000088978900006/Times Cited: 0 English Article 348HF OCEANOLOGY OceanologyISI:000088978900006Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia Shushkina EA Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia>?QShushkina, E. A. Vinogradov, M. E. Sheberstov, S. V. Nezlin, N. P. Gagarin, V. I.1995The Characteristics of Epipelagic Ecosystems of the Pacific- Ocean on the Base of Both Satellite and Field Observations - the Stock of Plankton in the Epipelagial705-712 Okeanologiya355Mquantitative characteristics; southern-ocean; phytoplankton; community; spaceSep-OctThe area of the Pacific Ocean was divided into regions according to the surface chlorophyll concentration determined by the satellite Nimbus-7. The areas occupied by the waters of 7 distinguished chlorophyll concentration levels were calculated. The information obtained on about 300 ecosystemic stations of IO RAS ships i upper 200-m layer was taken into account. Both geometric mean biomasses and stock values of phytoplankton, bacteria, protozoa and mesoplankton for every climatologic season and average for year were calculated for every chlorophyll concentration level. The year average stock values for all Pacific were the following: phytoplankton - 134 x 10(6), bacteria - 86 x 10(6), protozoa - 26 x 10(6), mesoplankton - 185 x 10(6) t C. The seasonal stack variations of all the listed groups were shown to be insignificant. The reason is that in winter the stocks in the temperate regions decrease but the areas occupied by oligotrophic waters reduce, the opposite pattern taking place in spring and summer. The seasonal stability of the plankton stocks and, consequently, the metabolic process influence by far the peculiarities of the carbon cycle it the ocean.://A1995TF082000091Times Cited: 7 Russian Article TF082 OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:A1995TF08200009ZPP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA SHUSHKINA EA PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA(?j Smith, K.L.1982lZooplankton of a bathyal benthic boundary layer: in-situ rates of oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion.461-471Limnology and Oceanography27>?"Speer, K. G. Gould, J. LaCasce, J.1999ZYear-long float trajectories in the Labrador Sea Water of the eastern North Atlantic Ocean165-1799Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography461-2Bmediterranean salt tongue; circulation; variability; driven; modelYear-long Lagrangian trajectories within the Labrador Sea Water of the eastern North Atlantic Ocean are analysed for basic flow statistics. Root-mean-square velocities at 1750 m depth are about 2 cm/s, except within the North Atlantic Current, where they are twice as large. These values are consistent with previous Eulerian measurements and extend those results to a much larger domain of the eastern basin. Mean flow estimates in boxes large enough to contain about 1 float-year of data indicate that Labrador Sea Water, having crossed the Mid- Atlantic Ridge (not resolved) near 50-55 degrees N, presumably with the North Atlantic Current, partially recirculates to the north in the subpolar gyre, as well as entering the subtropical gyre and continuing south and west. The circulation of this water mass, as defined by the 1 yr average velocities, is stronger than traditional models of deep circulation would suggest, with an interior flow of roughly 1 cm/s. Mean speeds up to 3 cm/s were observed, with the highest values near the Azores Plateau. North of 45 degrees N-55 degrees N, mean eastward speeds closer to 0.2 cm/s were observed. Wind- generated barotropic fluctuations may be responsible for some part of the transport at this depth. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000079477500009BTimes Cited: 3 English Article 182AZ DEEP-SEA RES PT II-TOP ST OCE*Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.ISI:000079477500009IFREMER, CNRS, Lab Phys Oceans, BP 70, F-29280 Plouzane, France IFREMER, CNRS, Lab Phys Oceans, F-29280 Plouzane, France Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England Speer KG IFREMER, CNRS, Lab Phys Oceans, BP 70, F-29280 Plouzane, France?Stearns,D.E Forward,R.B.Jr1984pCopepod photobehavior in a stimulated natural light environment and its relation to nocturnal vertical migration91-100Marine Biology82>? Stewart, K. M. Sutherland, J. W.19934Zooplankton Migration in 3 Lakes of Western New-York21-37/Internationale Revue Der Gesamten Hydrobiologie781zooplankton migration; chaoborus; restricted dispersal; chaos diel vertical migration; fresh-water zooplankton; chaoborus; predation; larvae; distributions; communities; cladocera; advantageWe examined the diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton in three lakes of western New York; Lakes Conesus, Lime, and McCargo. In all three lakes, the dipteran predator Chaoborus was a more dramatic migrator than any of the cladocerans or copepods. In contrast, another invertebrate predator, Leptodora, seemed to have the least vertical dispersal. In Conesus Lake, following the evening ascent and upper-water night-positioning of Chaoborus flavicans, Daphnia pulicaria expanded its own vertical range of dispersal thereby decreasing its degree of overlap with Chaoborus. The vertical distribution of Diaptomus sicilis was mostly below that of Daphnia pulicaria, thus reducing possible competition for food resources. Poor oxygen conditions in the lower waters of Lakes Lime and McCargo restricted all zooplankton (except Chaoborus) to an epilimnetic zone where the regions of niche overlap and predation were narrowed. Such annually-induced restrictions on vertical dispersal are probably common features of numerous stratified lakes with hypolimnetic reducing conditions. No fixed pattern of vertical dispersal or migration is likely in lakes where stratification and non-stratification follow each other seasonally. Vertical migration does provide some flexibility in niche separation, but the potential for chaotic behavior in interacting predators and prey may confound simple explanations of DVM.://A1993LR15800002?Times Cited: 3 English Article LR158 INT REV GESAMTEN HYDROBIOLInt. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol.ISI:A1993LR15800002SUNY,DEPT BIOL SCI,BUFFALO,NY 14260 NEW YORK STATE DEPT ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,ALBANY,NY 12233 STEWART KM SUNY,DEPT BIOL SCI,BUFFALO,NY 14260?Stich,H-B Lampert,W1981OPredator evasion as an explanation of diurnal vertical migration by zooplankton396-397Nature293 ?Sy, A.1988Investigation of large-scale circulation patterns in the central North Atalntic: The North Atlantic Current, the Azores Current, and the Mediterranean Water plume in the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge383-413Deep Sea Research350?Sy, A Schauer,U Meincke, J1992rThe North Atlantic current and its associated hydrographic structure abive and eastwards of the Mid-atlantic Ridge825-853Deep-Sea Research395uCOLD-CORE EDDY, GENERAL-CIRCULATION, MEAN CIRCULATION, WATER, OCEAN, 48-DEGREES-N, VARIABILITY, PACIFIC, ENERGY, WESTBased on CTD data sets obtained in 1981-1984, XBT profiles, and long-term current meter moorings, the large-scale circulation field of the northeastern Atlantic north of the Azores was investigated. The mean volume transport through a standard meridional CTD section between 40-degrees-N and 52-degrees-N along the eastern flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) was estimated to be 30 +/- 9 Sv, with the North Atlantic Current (NAC) transporting 26 Sv. The NAC was found to be composed of clearly defined current branches (jets), that appear in temperature-salinity diagrams as a modal structure of the Central Water. Whereas the northernmost current branch (subarctic front) was found to be topographically fixed at the Gibbs Fracture Zone, the number, intensity and T-S structure of the remaining current branches, as well as their path over the MAR, are subject to intense variability. From 2 years of observations the branches were found to continue into the basins east of the MAR. They appeared as mesoscale features in a region of increased eddy kinetic energy and are interpreted to result from baroclinic instability. No indications of a branch of the NAC moving south, i.e. a recirculation as part of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, were found.?Thiel, H. Pfannkuche, O. Schreiver, G. Lochte, K. Gooday, A.J. Hemleben, C.H. Mantoura, R.F.G. Turley, C.M. Patching, J.W. Riemann, F.1989YPhytodetritus on the deep-sea floor in a central oceanic region of the Northeast Atlantic203-239Bilogical Oceanography6 c~? +Tsuchiya, M. Talley, L. D. McCartney, M. S.1992EAn Eastern Atlantic Section from Iceland Southward across the Equator 1885-19176Deep-Sea Research Part a-Oceanographic Research Papers3911-12Apolar mode water; north-atlantic; mediterranean water; norwegian-greenland; intermediate water; ocean; circulation; sea; deep; flowNov-Dec A long CTD/hydrographic section with closely-spaced stations was occupied in July-August 1988 from Iceland southward to 3- degrees-S along a nominal longitude of 20-degrees-W. The section extends from the surface down to the bottom, and spans the entire mid-ocean circulation regime of the North Atlantic from the subpolar gyre through the subtropical gyre and the equatorial currents. Vertical sections of potential temperature, salinity and potential density from CTD measurements and of oxygen, silica, phosphate and nitrate, based on discrete water-sample measurements are presented and discussed in the context of the large-scale circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean. The close spacing of high-quality stations reveals some features not described previously. The more important findings include: (1) possible recirculation of the lightest Subpolar Mode Water into the tropics; (2) a thermostad at temperatures of 8-9-degrees-C, lying below that of the Equatorial 13-degrees-C Water; (3) the nutrient distribution in the low-salinity water above the Mediterranean Outflow Water that supports the previous conjecture of northern influence of the Antarctic Intermediate Water; (4) a great deal of lateral structure of the Mediterranean Outflow Water, with a number of lobes of high salinity; (5) an abrupt southern boundary of the Labrador Sea Water at the Azores-Biscay Rise and a vertically well-mixed region to its south; (6) a sharp demarcation in the central Iceland Basin between the newest Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water and older bottom water, which has a significant component of southern water; (7) evidence that the Northeast Atlantic Deep Water is a mixture of the Mediterranean Outflow Water and the Northwest Atlantic Bottom Water with very little input from the Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water; (8) an isolated core of the high-salinity, low-silica Upper North Atlantic Deep Water at the equator; (9) a core of the high-oxygen, low-nutrient Lower North Atlantic Deep Water pressed against the southern flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge just south of the equator; (10) a weak minimum of salinity, and well-defined maxima of nutrients associated with the oxygen minimum that separates the Middle and Lower North Atlantic Deep Waters south of the equator; (11) a large body of nearly homogeneous water beneath the Middle North Atlantic Deep Water between 20-degrees-N and the Azores-Biscay Rise; and (12) a deep westward boundary undercurrent on the southern slope of the Rockall Plateau.://A1992JY32600004CTimes Cited: 66 English Article JY326 DEEP-SEA RES PT A-OCEANOG RESISI:A1992JY32600004UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543 TSUCHIYA M UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093?! Tyler, P. A.1988Seasonality in the deep sea227-2581Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review26?"Van Aken,H.M Becker,G1996YHydrography and through-flow in the north-eastern north Atlantic Ocean:the NANSEN project297-346Progress in Oceanography38?#Van Aken, H.M Boer de,C.J1995VOn the synoptic hydrography of intermediate and deep water masses in the Iceland Basin165-189Deep-Sea Research part I 422Pg?$Van Der Spoel, S1985:What is unique about open-ocean biogeography; zooplankton?254-260@Pelagic biogeography. Proceedings of an international conferenceCPierrot-Bults, A.C. van der Spoel, S. Zahuranec, B.J. Johnson, R.K.The Netherlands4929 May- 5 June 1985)UNESCO technical Papers in Marine Science?%Van Der Spoel,S19940The basis for boundaries in pelagic biogeography121-133Progress in Oceanography34?&Van Der Spoel, S1994>History, progress ans future of theory in pelagic biogeography101-107Progress in Oceanography34?'Van Der Spoel, S1997$Pelagic biogeography and Temperature185-194Annales Intitut Oceanographique73(2)p?(Van Der Spoel, S Heyman, R.P.1983"A comparative atlas of zooplankton186Bunge, Utrecht?)"Van Der Spoel, S Pierrot-Bults,A.C1979&Zoogeography and diversity of plankton168-190"Zoogeography of the Atlantic Ocean?*Van Soest, R.W.M.1979North-South diversity103-111&Zoogeography and diversity of plankton%Van der Spoel, S. Pierrot-Bults, A.C.!(Arnold) London & (Bunge) Utrecht?+Vecchione, M Grant, G.C1983XA mutivariate analysis of planktonic molluscan distribution in the Middle Atlantic Bight405-424Continental Shelf Research1 (4)?, Venrick, E.L.1991sMid-ocean ridges and their influence on the large-scale patterns of chlorophyll and production in the North Pacific83-102Deep-Sea Research38?-Venzke, S. Münnich,M Latif, M2000=On the predictability of decadal changes in the North Pacific379-392Climate Dynamics16>?.Vereshchaka, A. L.1990vVertical-Distribution of Euphausiids, Pelagic Decapods and Mysids in the near-Bottom Layer of the Western Indian-Ocean126-131 Okeanologiya301Jan-Feb://A1990CU079000211Times Cited: 5 Russian Article CU079 OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:A1990CU07900021XPP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,USSR VERESHCHAKA AL PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,USSRP>?/Vereshchaka, A. L.1994Distribution of Pelagic Macroplankton (Mysids, Euphausiids, Decapods) over Continental-Slope and Seamound of the Western Indian-Ocean88-94 Okeanologiya341,northeast atlantic-ocean; near-bottom; layerJan-FebmDistributions of numbers, biomass, and sizes of 18 species belonging to mysids, euphausiids, and decapods dwelling in the vicinities of seamounts and continental slopes of the Western Indian Ocean, has been reported. Conclusions are based upon materials of 39 horizontal and 15 near-bottom trawl samples at 30 - 1000 m above bottom, obtained during 17th Voyage of R/V ''Vityaz'' (1989 - 1990). Patterns of distribution of pelagic animals in the vicinity of the sea-floor have revealed: (1) rize of lines of equal numbers, biomass, and sizes over slopes up to the lesser depth than in the open-ocean, and (2) abrupt decreasing of numbers, biomass, and sizes at 200 - 400 and less m above the sea-floor. These patterns appear not to depend upon taxonomical site of species, the depths of their dwelling, and their feeding. Possible cause leading to these patterns, are discussed.://A1994NF507000151Times Cited: 3 Russian Article NF507 OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:A1994NF50700015\PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA VERESHCHAKA AL PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA?0Vereshchaka, A.L1995JMacroplankton in the near-bottom layer of continental slopes and seamounts 1639-1668Deep-Sea Research part I 429BENTHIC BOUNDARY-LAYER, HYPERBENTHIC MYSIDS CRUSTACEA, NORTHEAST ATLANTIC-OCEAN, WESTERN INDIAN-OCEAN, DEEP-SEA, VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION, BENTHOPELAGIC PLANKTON, BIOMASS, ZOOPLANKTON, ZONATIONDistributions of mysids, euphausiids, shrimps and bottom-dwelling decapod larvae have been studied to reveal their relation to the sea bottom. A total of about 200,000 specimens belonging to 178 species and closer unidentified taxa has been examined. The material has been taken by R.V. Professor Shtokman in the Southeast Pacific (1987-1988) and by R.V. Vityaz in the western Indian Ocean (1989-1990) by sampling at depths of 1500 m and less over seamounts and continental slopes. In addition, aquarium observations on five species and analyses of the gut contents of 14 species have been carried out. Two principal groups of animals have proved to live in the near-bottom layer: pelagic (independent of the bottom) and benthopelagic (related to the bottom). They appear to differ in all studied aspects: distribution, behaviour and feeding. The benthopelagic animals are divided into three subgroups with finer ecological differences: hypo-, epi-, and amphibenthopelagic. The patterns of their distribution and migrations, the near-bottom biological zonation and its relation to the benthic boundary and benthic nepheloid layers are discussed, with (re)definitions of the terms used.<>?2Vereshchaka, A. L.1997sComparative morphological studies on four populations of the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 1905-19216Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers4411riftia-pachyptila populations; sea hydrothermal vents; deep- sea; eastern pacific; gene flow; decapoda; alvinocarididae; bresiliidae; crustacea; ecologyNov1Four populations (a total of 677 specimens) of the hydrothermal shrimp species Rimicaris exoculata from three Mid-Atlantic Ridge vent fields were studied: Broken Spur (29 degrees N), TAG (26 degrees N), and "14-45" (14 degrees N). Five morphological characters were analysed: number of dorsolateral spines on telson, relative carapace width, relative abdominal length, presence of "abnormal telson", and fat content. Dependences of each character upon shrimp size were analysed. Division of the shrimp ontogenesis on the basis of general morphology is proposed. Phenotypic analysis based upon five selected characters revealed statistically significant divergence between two populations within the same vent field TAG. Probable causes of observed divergence are discussed. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.://000072322200007BTimes Cited: 1 English Article ZA037 DEEP-SEA RES PT I-OCEANOG RES(Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.ISI:000072322200007Russian Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Krasikova St 23, Moscow 117851, Russia Russian Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Moscow 117851, Russia Vereshchaka AL Russian Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Krasikova St 23, Moscow 117851, Russia?3 Vereshchaka, A.L Vinogradov, G.M1999Visual observations of the vertical distribution of plankton throughout the water column above Broken Spur vent field, Mild Atlantic Ridge 1615-1632Deep-Sea Research part I 46wHYDROTHERMAL PLUME, ENDEAVOR RIDGE, SCATTERING LAYER, ZOOPLANKTON, MACROPLANKTON, SEA, 29-DEGREES-N, COMMUNITIES, OCEANCVisual observations were made in September 1997 during the 39 cruise of R/V "Akademik Mstislav Keldysh" with 2 deep-sea manned submersibles "Mir" aboard. During 4 dives the following plankton countings were made: 3 vertical throughout the water column during the day, 2 vertical in the upper 1000 m at night, and 1 oblique in the plume area during the day. Biomass profiles are represented for each dive for all abundant animal groups: copepods, euphausiids + decapods + mysids, chaetognaths, medusae, ctenophores, siphonophores, cyclo-thones, myctophides, radiolarians, and the total zooplankton. Plankton distribution shows 2 aggregations, one within the main pycnocline and the other near the plume; Gelatinous animals and radiolarians dominate in both aggregations by biomass and make a significant contribution to the plankton biomass throughout the water column. Oblique counting indicates the presence of aggregations of animals near the upper and lower borders of the plume and biomass depletion within the plume core. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.?4Vinogradov, G. M.1961#The feeding of deep-sea zooplankton114-120\Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions. Conseil Internationale pour l'Exploration de la Mer153Fraser, J.H. Corlett, J.]?6Vinogradov,M.E1968/Vertical Distribution of the oceanic zooplakton1-295>?7"Vinogradov, M. E. Shushkina, E. A.1989UMacroscale Distribution of Plankton Quantitative Characteristics in the Pacific-Ocean121-126 Okeanologiya291Jan-Feb://A1989T4416000211Times Cited: 3 Russian Article T4416 OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:A1989T441600021WPP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,USSR VINOGRADOV ME PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,USSR >?8"Vinogradov, M. E. Shushkina, E. A.1992Peculiarities of Mesoplankton and Macroplankton Vertical- Distribution in the Central Tropical Areas of the Northern Pacific-Ocean115-127 Okeanologiya321regionsJan-FebAVertical distribution of the total biomass and of the major meso- and macroplankton groups in the central oligotrophic areas of the Northern Pacific is considered based on the collections with the 150 l water bottles and the BR 113/140 plankton net as well as on direct counts from the <> submersible. The mesoplankton biomass in the upper 200 m layer varies from 3.1 to 8.6 g/m2, however, at local patches of salps it may become as great as 98 g/m2. In macroplankton from depths down to 2-3 km gelatinous animals prevail over other forms giving 97-98% in wet weight and more than 30-70% in C(org). They are followed by micronecton fishes (up to 40% in C(org)). The role of biomass of other groups accounted visually from the <> submersible is negligible. The specific distribution of animals at some stations is discussed.://A1992HN114000151Times Cited: 1 Russian Article HN114 OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:A1992HN11400015WPP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,USSR VINOGRADOV ME PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,USSR>?9"Vinogradov, M. E. Shushkina, E. A.2002vVertical distribution of gelatinous macroplankton in the North Pacific observed by manned submersibles Mir-1 and Mir-2295-303Journal of Oceanography582Medusa; vertical distribution; North Pacific; submersibles; abundance; biodiversity zooplankton; sea; jellyfish; medusae; insitu; regionAprThe vertical distribution of several medusa species in the Kurile-Kamtehatka region of the Pacific Ocean is described. Animals were observed in the light cone from deep-sea submersibles Mir-1 and Mir-2 throughout the water column, from the surface to 5000-6000 m at four different sites. Bathy- and abyssopelagic species are noted along with the species living in an extremely wide depth range. A faunistic border is re vealed at a depth of 3000 m. The contribution of gelatinous animals (medusae, submersibles, siphonophores, salps) to the total deep-sea plankton biomass was estimated using a abundance, biodiversity. wire reference cube during nine dives in the highly productive areas of the northwest Pacific, eastern Pacific (California, Costa-Rica Dome), and subtropical oligotrophic areas.://000175729100007.Times Cited: 0 English Review 554HE J OCEANOGR J. Oceanogr.ISI:000175729100007PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Nakhimovsky Prosp 36, Moscow 117851, Russia PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117851, Russia Vinogradov ME PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Nakhimovsky Prosp 36, Moscow 117851, Russia=>?:cVinogradov, M. E. Shushkina, E. A. Anokhina, L. L. Vostokov, S. V. Kucheruk, N. V. Lukashova, T. A.2000iDense aggregations of the ctenophore Beroe ovata (Eschscholtz) near the north-east shore of the Black Sea52-55 Okeanologiya401mnemiopsis-leidyiJan-FebDuring the autumn 1999, dense aggregations of the mediterranean ctenophore Beroe ovata has been recorded near the north-east shore of the Black Sea. this specialised carnivorous animal feeds on other ctenophores, including Mnemiopsis. At the end of August-beginning of Septermer, the biomass of Beroe in the Golubaja Bay reached 130 g/m(2) of wet weight in average and 300 g/m(2) in aggregations. This was resulted in the decrease of the biomass of Mnemiopsis and, consequently, in the increase of the biomass of the mesosooplankton and planktophagous fishes. If the high biomass of Beroe will take place in the future, the press of Mnemiopsis will probably decline, while both the biomass of the mesoplankton and the catches of economically important planktophagous fishes will increase.://0000858343000061Times Cited: 6 Russian Article 293CQ OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:000085834300006PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia Vinogradov ME PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia+>?;AVinogradov, M. E. Shushkina, E. A. Bulgakova, Y. V. Serobaba,, II1995bThe Consumption of Zooplankton by Comb-Jelly Mnemiopsis-Leidyi and Pelagic Fishes in the Black-Sea569-573 Okeanologiya354 communityJul-Aug,Quantity of the Black Sea plankton consumed by Mnemiopsis was estimated in comparison with total plankton production and its part, consumed by most abundant planktivorous fishes. During the period of the mass development of Mnemiopsis (1989 - 1990) it consumed daily up to 7% of biomass and more than 50% of daily production of the zooplankton consumable to fish. The consumption of zooplankton by fishes was a half of that of Mnemiposis during the time of its mass development(in 1989) and then was comparable to it. In summer fishes and Mnemiopsis together consumed 6 - 13% of the fodder zooplankton biomass and 20 - 120% of its production. Harsh feeding competition has caused the catastrophic decreasing of catches of the planktivorous fishes just within the peak time of Mnemiopsis development and after it.://A1995RZ520000121Times Cited: 8 Russian Article RZ520 OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:A1995RZ52000012PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA KERCH SO FISHERY & OCEANOG RES INST,KERCH,UKRAINE VINOGRADOV ME PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA>?<BVinogradov, M. E. Shushkina, E. A. Gorbunov, A. E. Shachkov, N. L.1991TVertical-Distribution of Mesoplankton and Macroplankton in the Costa-Rica Dom Region759-769 Okeanologiya315%eastern tropical pacific; micronektonSep-Oct0The quantitative distribution of meso- and macroplankton was studied in Costa-Rica DOMe region for the layer 0-2000 m, using 150-l bathometers, closed nets and direct countings from manned submersible <>. The high mesoplankton biomass in the upper mixed layer here is compared to that in the richest shelf water off Peru. Below it maximum plankton abundance (to 2 g.m-3) was found in the upper (350-420 m) and lower (550-640 m) parts of O2-minimum layer (0,15-0,2 ml O2/l). Eucalanus inermis (V and VI copepodit stages) mainly contributed to this abundance. The day euphausiid concentrations were observed immediately upon the upper eucalanus layer, and under it and mostly under the lower eucalanus layer lantern fish assemblages occur. At similar low O2 concentrations, mesoplankton quantity in the middle of O2-Minimum layer was two orders less than in its upper and lower parts. According to estimations from <>, in the whole 0-2000 m layer jellylike animals (74%) mostly contributed to the wet biomass, and copepods and lantern fish to that in carbon units.://A1991HF188000091Times Cited: 4 Russian Article HF188 OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:A1991HF18800009>?=@Vinogradov, M. E. Shushkina, E. A. Nezlin, N. P. Arnautov, G. N.1998`Vertical distribution of zooplankton in the frontal zone of the Gulf Stream and Labrador Current85-103Journal of Plankton Research201JanZooplankton data collected during September 1995 in the North West Atlantic at 41 degrees 39'N, 49 degrees 58'W (the location of the site of the 'Titanic' wreck) were analysed. The region investigated was characterized by a very sharp frontal zone between the Gulf Stream and the main stream of the Labrador Current. The total plankton biomass in the water column was very high. The macroplankton biomass values below the 600 m layer were significantly higher as compared with the similar values measured before in other productive boreal regions of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. A lot of dead mesoplankton animals occurred in the deep layers. The reason was that the cold-water mesoplankton advected by the Labrador Current died off intensively within the deep layers of the frontal zone and were used as a food resource by the macroplankton carnivores and scavengers that were very abundant there.://0000722388000053Times Cited: 7 English Article YZ282 J PLANKTON RESJ. Plankton Res.ISI:000072238800005Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, 36 Nakhimovskiy Ave, Moscow 117851, Russia Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117851, Russia Vinogradov ME Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, 36 Nakhimovskiy Ave, Moscow 117851, Russia>?>QVinogradov, M. E. Shushkina, E. A. Nezlin, N. P. Vedernikov, V. I. Gagarin, V. I.1999WCorrelation between different parameters of ecosystem of epipelagial of the World Ocean64-74 Okeanologiya391photosynthetic primary production; pacific-ocean; quantitative characteristics; satellite; communities; waters; layer; phytoplankton; algorithms; planktonJan-FebThe quantitative characteristics of planktonic communities of the productive ocean layer (0-200 m) were studied in ecosystem expeditions of SIO RAS in different regions of the World Ocean (295 stations). Unified methodology was used. The correlations were estimated between the chlorophyll concentration in the surface layer and different parameters of communities: total chlorophyll content in 0-200-m layer, primary production, the biomasses of phytoplankton, small (less than or equal to 3 mm), large (>3 mm), and total mesoplankton. The correlations between these parameters and water transparency (Secchi disk) were also estimated. The regression equations are significantly different in cold-water (polarmore from 40 degrees N and 40 degrees S) and warm-water regions. The possibility of using these equations for arbitrary evaluation of structural characteristics of planktonic communities is discussed.://0000797292000091Times Cited: 4 Russian Article 186KV OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:000079729200009PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia Vinogradov ME PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, RussiaS>??QVinogradov, M. E. Shushkina, E. A. Vedernikov, V. I. Nezlin, N. P. Gagarin, V. I.1997Primary production and plankton stocks in the Pacific Ocean and their seasonal variation according to remote sensing and field observations 1979-20019Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography449-10 waters; seaZData collected from 20 years of observations by the P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (about 250 comprehensive ecosystem stations) are summarized to evaluate the primary production and biomass of the principal groups of plankton in the Pacific Ocean. The stations were classified into geographical regions according to satellite determined criteria. The areas of these regions were evaluated according to CZCS data from 1978 to 1986. The total value of primary production was evaluated as 26.9 Gt C year(-1). Taking the "bottle effect" correction into account, this value may be as high as 45.6 Gt C year(-1). Total biomass values of phytoplankton (134 Mt C), bacteria (86 Mt C), protozoa (26 Mt C) and mesoplankton (184 Mt C) were also calculated. Seasonal variabilities of all these values were remarkably insignificant. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.://000074102300012BTimes Cited: 7 English Article ZT582 DEEP-SEA RES PT II-TOP ST OCE*Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.ISI:000074102300012Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, 23 Krasikova St, Moscow 117871, Russia Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117871, Russia Vinogradov ME Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, 23 Krasikova St, Moscow 117871, Russia>?@CVinogradov, M. E. Shushkina, E. A. Vereshchaka, A. L. Nezlin, N. P.1996ROn migrations of Calanus finmarchicus sl during the polar day in the Norwegian Sea66-70 Okeanologiya361Jan-FebcDetailed observations of diurnal variations of vertical distribution of V and VI Calanus finmarchicus VI copepodites in the upper mixed layer were carried out luring the polar day. The materials were collected on 5 - 15 July 1994 in the single point in the North-Eastern Norwegian Sea (73 degrees 45'N, 13 degrees 30'E). The angle of sun at midnight was 06 degrees 18'. 150-litre bottles were used for sampling, the samples were obtained with 5 m vertical intervals. The series of samples during night hours were collected every 1 - 2 hours. The distribution of the V and VI copepodites appeared to be of a similar type. They formed the layer of high concentration 5 - 15 m thick, where the abundance exceeded 1000, and sometimes 2000 sp/m(3). This layer performed regular diurnal movements, rising before the midnight (22.00) towards surface and descending during the daytime to a depth of 20 - 30 m. The residence time for Calanus in the upper 5-meters layer did not exceed 1 - 2 hours. The rate of illumination changes rather than the absolute value of illumination is belived to be the main stimulator of the movements.://A1996UC567000101Times Cited: 3 Russian Article UC567 OKEANOLOGIYA OkeanologiyaISI:A1996UC56700010[PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA Vinogradov ME PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA?C;Vinogradov, M.E Vereshchaka,A.L Vinogradov, G.M Musaeva,E.I2000\Vertical distribution of zooplankton at the periphery of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre496-510Deep-Sea Water circulation4ULABRADOR CURRENT, FRONTAL ZONE, GULF-STREAM, OCEAN, PECULIARITIES, COMMUNITIES, FIELDVertical distribution of meso- and macroplankton at the north (36 degrees 14' N) and south (14 degrees 45' N, 15 degrees 10' N) periphery of the North Atlantic gyre was considered. The plankton was studied in the net samples (BR 113/140) and by direct visual count from deep-sea manned vessel Mir during five descents. In addition, benthopelagic animals were collected with baited traps. Bimodal structure of macroplankton biomass distribution was observed with peaks in the main picknocline layer at 200-800 and at 1000-1200 m depth. Quantitative distribution of the deep-sea plankton, as well as its species composition were affected by the northward current of intermediate waters from mesotrophic boreal areas (at the north periphery) and southward ultraoligotrophic waters of the central gyre (at the south periphery). Consequently, the plankton at 36 degrees N is enriched at depth below 800-1000 m and a number of deep-sea and benthic species from boreal regions penetrate far to the south. Conversely, biomass of the plankton at 14-15 degrees N sharply decreases at a depth below 1000 m, apparently, due to inflow of deep-sea waters from the central oligotrophic part of the gyre.?EWade,I.P Heywood,K.J2001Acoustic backscatter observation of zooplankton abundance and behaviour and the influence of oceanic fronts in the Northeast Atlantic899-924Deep-Sea Research part II 48a?FjWakefield, W.W. Smith, K.L. Jr.1990Onthogenetic vertical migration in Seastolobus altivelis as a mechanism for transport of particulate organic matter at continental slope depths 1314-1328Limnology and Oceanography35?G Warren, B.A.1981#Deep circulation of the world ocean6-41PEvolution of physical oceanography, scientific surveys in honor of Henry Stommel Cambridge, MA MIT Press?H7Wiebe,P.H Madin,L.P Haury, L.R Harbison,G.R Philbin,L.M1979~Diel Vertical Migration by Salpa aspera and Its Potential for Large-Scale Particulate Organic Matter Transport to the Deep-sea249-255Marine Biology53W>?I?Williamson, C. E. Sanders, R. W. Moeller, R. E. Stutzman, P. L.1996vUtilization of subsurface food resources for zooplankton reproduction: Implications for diel vertical migration theory224-233Limnology and Oceanography412life-history parameters; adaptive significance; eutrophic lake; fresh-water; daphnia; predation; bacteria; temperature; nanoplankton; chlorophyllMarxThe water columns of lakes and oceans provide a diverse habitat gradient in which light, temperature, food, and predation risk all change with depth. Many planktonic organisms exhibit diel vertical migrations (DVM) in response to daily oscillations in many of these variables. DVM theory often assumes that surface waters are more food-rich than deeper, subsurface layers and proceeds to try to explain why zooplankton migrate out of these beneficial surface layers during the day. Here, we test the assumption that food is best in surface waters by feeding two common crustacean zooplankton with natural epilimnetic and metalimnetic food assemblages from a eutrophic lake and examining their egg production rates. Both Diaptomus and Daphnia showed greater reproductive rates in the metalimnetic water and significant food limitation in the epilimnetic water. Mass-specific ingestion rates were approximately three times higher in the metalimnion than in the epilimnion. In spite of the poorer food in the surface waters, these two crustaceans migrated into the epilimnion at night. These observations are contrary to the assumption that food is best in the surface water, and a review of the literature suggests that food frequently is not best in surface waters. The upward migrations at night are best explained by the warmer temperatures and reduced predation risk in the surface waters at night.://A1996UK850000045Times Cited: 25 English Article UK850 LIMNOL OCEANOGRLimnol. Oceanogr.ISI:A1996UK85000004LEHIGH UNIV,DEPT EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,BETHLEHEM,PA 18015 ACAD NAT SCI PHILADELPHIA,DIV ENVIRONM RES,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19103 Williamson CE LEHIGH UNIV,DEPT EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,BETHLEHEM,PA 18015{?K Wishner, K.F19802The biomass of the deep-sea benthopelagic plankton203-216Deep-Sea Research27 AR?L Wishner, K.F2000Zooplankton in the Deep sea9-13 Maritimes?PWishner, K.F Meise-Munns,C.J1984DIn situ grazing rates of deep-sea benthic boumdary-layer zooplankton65-74Marine Biology84 ?QWohlleben,T.M.H Weaver,A.J1995?Interdecadal climate variability in the subpolar North Atlantic459-467Climate Dynamics118SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE, INTERPENTADAL VARIABILITY, THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION, GENERAL-CIRCULATION, FRESH-WATER, OCEAN, SALINITY, ICE, MODEL, FLUCTUATIONSThe statistical relationships between various components of the subpolar North Atlantic air-sea-ice climate system are reexamined in order to investigate potential processes involved in interdecadal climate variability. It is found that sea surface temperature anomalies concentrated in the Labrador Sea region have a strong impact upon atmospheric sea level pressure anomalies over Greenland, which in turn influence the transport of freshwater and ice anomalies out of the Arctic Ocean, via Fram Strait. These freshwater and ice anomalies are advected around the subpolar gyre into the Labrador Sea affecting convection and the formation of Labrador Sea Water. This has an impact upon the transport of North Atlantic Current water into the subpolar gyre and thus, also upon sea surface temperatures in the region. An interdecadal negative feedback loop is therefore proposed as an internal source of climate variability within the subpolar North Atlantic. Through the lags associated with the correlations between different climatic components, observed horizontal advection time scales, and the use of Boolean delay equation models, the time scale for one cycle of this feedback loop is determined to have a period of about 21 years.?RWroblewski,J.S1982{Interaction of currents and vertical migration in maintaining calanus marshallae in the oregon upwelling zone-a stimulation665-686Deep Sea Research296A?T Lütken, Chr1877!To sjaeldnere pelagiske Berycider 175-194.HOversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger?U Lütken, Chr1880Spolia Atlantica. Bidrag til Kundskab om Formforandringer hos Fiske under deres Væxt og Udvikling særligt hos nogle af Atlanterhavets Højsøfiske410-613 + 5 plates?Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, Kjøbenhaven Afd XII. 69?V Lütken, Chr1892Spolia Atlantica. Scopelini Musei Zoologici Universitatis Hauniensis. Bidrag til Kundskab om det aabne Havs Laxesild eller Scopeliner. Med et tillaeg om en anden pelagisk fiskeslaegt221-297.HOversigt Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, Kjøbenhaven (6) 7?W Markle, D. F1976Preliminary studies on the systematics of the deep-sea Alepocephalidae (Pisces: Salmoniformes). A dissertation presented to the Faculty of the School of Marine Science. The College of William and Mary in Virginia225pp(not published)?X Markle, D. F1978_Taxonomy and distribution of Rouleina attrita and Rouleina maderensis (Pisces: Alepocephalidae)78-87Fishery Bulletin76 (1)?YMarkle N. R. Merrett1980The abyssal alepocephalid, Rinoctes nasutus (Pisces, Salmoniformes), a redescription and an evaluation of its systematic position225-239Journal of Zoology of London190?ZMarkle, D. F J.-C. Quéro 19867Fishes of the North-east Atlantic and the Mediterranean228-253UNESCOVol. I?[Marshall, N. B T. 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Moiseev, S.I.1989xVertical distribution and behavior of the squid, Gonatus fabricii (Cephalopoda, Gonatidae), in the northeastern Atlantic53-60E Underwater Investigations for Bio-Oceanological and Fishery Purposesvol?In Russian with English summary? Moiseev, S.I.19893Vertical Distribution and Behavior of Oceanic Squid70Sevastopol, "Hydronaut" Basevol? In Russian? Moiseev, S.I.1992bObservation of the vertical distribution and behavior of nektonic squids using manned submersibles446-456Bulletin of Marine Science49(1-2) In EnglishF? Moiseev, S.I.2001oVertical Distribution and Behavior of Nektonic Squid Family Ommastrephidae and Some Other Groups of Cephalopods:Unpublished Dissertation, Candidate of Biological Sciences? Moiseev, S.I.2001oVertical Distribution and Behavior of Nektonic Squid Family Ommastrephidae and Some Other Groups of Cephalopods26 p.NAutoreferat of the Dissertation Candidate of Biological Sciences [cited above] In Russian?Moskalenko, V.P1981JInformation about biology of arrow squid and prospects of its exploitation16 p0Unpublished report, Murmansk, Sevrybpromrazvedka In Russian? Nesis, K.N.1973QTaxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of squids of the family Gonatidae (Cephalopoda) 1626-1638Zoologichesky Zhurnal52(11)In Russian with English summaryqF? Nesis, K.N.19735Ecological classification (life forms) of cephalopodsItogi Nauki i Tekhnikiz? Nesis, K.N. 19797Squid larvae of the family Ommastrephidae (Cephalopoda)Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 58(l)? Nesis, K.N.19825Abridged Manual to the Cephalopods of the World Ocean356 p-Moscow: Legkaya i Pishchevaya Promyshlennost' In Russian? Nesis, K.N.1984 Cephalopods 182 pages. Field Card Manual of PlanktonGPart 3. Leningrad: Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences In RussianF? Nesis, K.N.19846Deep-sea cirrate octopuses observed from a submersibleDeep-Sea NewsletterNo. 9: 7 In English? Nesis, K.N.19858Oceanic cephalopods: Distribution, life forms, evolution287 p Moscow: Nauka In Russian? Nesis, K.N.1987ECephalopods of the World. Squids, Cuttlefishes, Octopuses, and Allies 351 pagesT.F.H. Publications, New Jersey? Nesis, K.N.1991)Underwater cephalopod studies in the USSR11-18An anotated bibliographyCephalopod Newsletter, N 14 In English? Nesis, K.N.1992,Cephalopods of underwater rises in the ocean 1003-1006Doklady Akademii Nauk, 322(5)322(5) In Russian? Nesis, K.N.1993.Cephalopods of seamounts and submarine ridges,365-3730 Recent Advances in Cephalopod Fisheries BiologyTokyo: Tokai University Press? Nesis, K.N.1996;Mating, spawning and death in oceanic cephalopods: a review23-64 Ruthenica6(1)In English with Russian summary? Nesis, K.N.2000ESquid family Onychoteuthidae: phylogeny, biogeography and way of life272-281Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 2000 79(3)In Russian with English summary?;Nesis, K.N. Amelekhina, A.M. Boltachev, A.R. Shevtsov, G.A.1985YRecords of giant squids of the genus Architeuthis in the North Pacific and South Atlantic518-528Zoologichesky Zhurnal64(4)In Russian with English summary/?HNesis, K.N. Arkhipkin, A.I. Nikitina, I.V. Middleton, D.A.J. Brickle, P.2001A new subspecies of the bathyal sepiolid cephalopod Neorossia caroli (Joubin, 1902) from the southwestern Atlantic off the Falkland Islands51-56Ruthenica, 200110(1)In English with Russian summary&?HNesis, K.N. Arkhipkin, A.I. Nikitina, I.V. Middleton, D.A.J. Brickle, P.2001A new subspecies of the bathyal sepiolid cephalopod Neorossia caroli (Joubin, 1902) from the southwestern Atlantic off the Falkland Islands51-56Ruthenica, 2001, 10(1)In English with RussianF?Nesis, K.N. Sagalevich, A.M.19836Deep-water octopods from the porthole of a submersible Priroda, 1983No. 11?Nesis, K.N. Sagalevich, A.M.19836Deep-water octopods from the porthole of a submersible23-25Priroda No. 11 In Russian#?Nigmatullin, Ch.M.19763Ecological groupings of squid family Ommastrephidae14-15N Problems of the Study of Pelagic Fish and Invertebrates of the Atlantic Ocean]Abstracts of Communications of the Young Scientists Conference, AtlantNIRO, Kaliningrad, 1976 In Russian:?Nigmatullin, Ch.M.1977KTaxonomic relations and ecological structure of squid family Ommastrephidae55-56n All-USSR Scientific Conference on the Use of Commercial Invertebrates for Food, Fodder and Technical Purposes<Abstracts of the Communications, Odessa, 22-25 November 1977 In RussianF?Nigmatullin, Ch.M.1979ISystem, phylogeny and ecological radiation of squid family OmmastrephidaeSMolluscs. Main Results of their Study. 6th Meeting on the Investigation of Molluscs 32-33 In Russian ?Nigmatullin, Ch.M.1987\Ecological niche of oceanic squid family Ommastephidae: Ontogenetic and evolutionary aspects452-454k Molluscs. Results and Perspectives of Investigation. 8th Meeting on the Investigation of Molluscs Sciences In Russian?Nigmatullin, Ch.M.1989Squids of the open ocean26-48%Fishery Development in the Open Ocean In Russian?%Nigmatullin, Ch.M. Laptikhovsky, V.V.1994WReproductive strategies in the squids of the family Ommastrephidae (preliminary report)79-82 Ruthenica4(1) In English with Russian abstract?%Nigmatullin, Ch.M., Laptikhovsky, V.V1999mReproductive biology in females of the subfamilies Todaropsinae and Todarodinae (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae)63-75 Ruthenica9(1) In English with Russian abstract3?1Nigmatullin, Ch.M. Parfenyuk, A.V. Nikolsky, V.N.1991hEcology and resources of epipelagic nektonic squids of the Atlantic Ocean and southeastern Pacific Ocean142-177h State of Biological Resources of Fishery Industry in the Central and South Atlantic and Eastern Pacific In RussianRF?"Nigmatullin, Ch.M. Pinchukov, M.A.1976VFeeding of the squid Ommastrephes bartrami in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea Problems of the Study of Pelagic Fish and Invertebrates of the Atlantic Ocean. Abstracts of Communications of the Young Scientists Conference, AtlantNIRO, Kaliningrad, 197620 In RussianH?1Nigmatullin, Ch.M. Pinchukov, M.A. Toporova, N.M.1977zFeeding of two background epipelagic squid species of the Atlantic Ocean [Ommastrephes bartrami and Sthenoteutis pteropus]58-60mAll-USSR Scientific Conference on the Use of Commercial Invertebrates for Food, Fodder and Technical Purposes In Russian?Pinchukov, M.A.1975qDistribution, biology and intraspecies structure of the Atlantic flying squid Ommastrephes bartrami Lesueur, 182168 p.0Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Kazan, Kazan University In RussianT?;Sennikov, A.M. Shimko, V.P. Mukhin, S.G. Bliznichenko, T.E,1987yBiology and distribution of the winter-spawning grouping of arrow squid Todarodes sagittatus in the northeastern Atlantic29-37[ Resources and Perspectives of the Exploitation of Squid in the World Ocean. Ed. B.G.IvanovIn English with Russian summary? Shimko, B.P.1984VMethodological Recommendations for Age Determination of Northeast Atlantic Cephalopods 24 p. In Russian? Shimko, B.P.1984EAgeing and biological peculiarities of Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck)12 p. In English? Shimko, B.P.1987qOceanological prerequisites of forming up of the macroscale groupings of cephalopods in the northeastern Atlantic142-143k Abstracts of Communications of 7th All-USSR Conference on Fisheries Oceanology, Astrakhan, 19-21 May, 1987 In Russian? Shimko, B.P.1990~Mechanisms of the effect of space-geophysical factors on long-term fluctuations of abundance of some common cephalopod species192-193'Modern Problems of Fisheries Oceanology In Russian? Shimko, B.P.1990GPeriodicity of growth rings deposition on the statoliths of Cephalopoda 81@ Abstracts of Scientific Papers of ICES 1990 Shellfish Symposium In English ?:Shimko, B.P. Kolmakov, Yu.A. Korytov, V.G. Daulmetov, A.A.1990bThe effect of cosmic and geophysic forces on long-term variations in abundance of some cephalopods80@ Abstracts of Scientific Papers of ICES 1990 Shellfish Symposium In English?*Shimko, B.P. Korytov, V.G. Daulmetov, A.A.1989KSome patterns of long-term variations in abundance of nerito-oceanic squids193{ Abstracts of Communications of 4th All-USSR Scientific Conference on Problems of Fisheries Forecasting (Long-Term Aspects) In Russian?%Voss, N.A. Nesis, K.N. Rodhouse, P.G.1998[Systematics, Biology and Biogeography of the Cephalopod Family Histioteuthidae (Oegopsida),293-372, Systematics and Biogeography of Cephalopods2Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 586, part II In English{?Zuev, G.V. Nesis, K.N.1971Squid (Biology and Fishing)360 p#Moscow: Pishchevaya Promyshlennost'.? )Zuev, G.V. Nesis, K.N. Nigmatullin, Ch.M.1975hSystem and evolution of the squid genera Ommastrephes and Symplectoteuthis (Cephalopoda, Ommastrephidae) 1468-1479Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 54(10)In Russian with English summaryD? *Zuev, G.V. Nesis, K.N. Nigmatullin, Ch.M. 1976Distribution of the genera Ommastrephes d'Orbigny, 1835; Sthenoteuthis Verrill, 1880; and Todarodes Steenstrup, 1880 (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida) in the Atlantic Ocean53-63LByulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody (Otdel Biologicheskii)81(4)? Zuev, G.V. Nigmatullin, Ch.M.1975OOn the distribution of North Atlantic squid Ommastrephes bartrami Lesueur, 182158Trudy AtlantNIRO? Zuev, G.V. Nigmatullin, Ch.M. 1975Patterns of shoaling behavior of the squids Sthenoteuthis pteropus (Steenstrup, 1855) and Ommastrephes bartrami (Lesueur, 1821) in the connection with conditions of their existence32-33 Behaviour of Water Invertebrates=? Zuev, G.V. Nigmatullin, Ch.M. 1977ZAbundant oceanic squids of the Atlantic Ocean and prospects of its commercial exploitation185-200{ Bioresources of the Open Part of the Atlantic Ocean and Methods of their Studies and Exploitation (Methodological Manual)"Kaliningrad, AtlantNIRO, chapter 9?AGAFONOVA, T. B. E. I. KUKUEV.19909New data on distribution of Cubiceps gracialis Lowe, 1843 1028-1031Voprosy ikhtiologii30(6) in Russian.U?,ALEKSEEV, F. E. E. I. ALEKSEEVA N. V. TITOVA1978Polymorphous system of the muscle esterases, ecological structure of the habitat and studying of species structure in grenadier (Macrurus rupestris Gunn.)19-20_The union conference on biochemical genetics, karyological polymorphism and mutagenesis in fish in Russian%?,ALEKSEEV, F. E. E. I. ALEKSEEVA N. V. TITOVA1979 Polymorphous system of the muscle esterases, ecological structure of the habitat and studying of species structure in grenadier (Macrurus rupestris Gunn.) 58-63-Biochemical and populational genetics of fish in RussianF?ALEKSEEV, F. E.1982Reproductive cycle, functional structure of the area and intra-populational differentiation in grenadier Macrurus rupestris Gunn. of the Middle-Atalantic Ridge73-75hUnion Conference on Theory of Formation of Abundance and Rational Exploitation of Commercial Fish Stocks in Russian?ALEKSEEV, G. V. I. D. ZYKOV.1983UPeculiarities of water dynamics and structure in the area of the ocean station vessel58-64 Trudy AANII382 in Russian[?<ALEKSEEV, F. E. E. I. ALEKSEEVA I. A. TRUNOV B. I. SHLIBANOV1987Macro-scale circulation of waters, functional structure of the area and populational structure of alfoncino Beryx splendens Lowe of the Atlantic Ocean4-19ZEcological investigations in the Atlantic Ocean and southeastern part of the Pacific Ocean in Russian?.ALEKSEEV, F. E. E. I. ALEKSEEVA A. N. ZAKHAROV1991Vitellogenesis, spawning character, fecundity and scale of gonad maturity stages of roundnose grenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris (Gunn.)(Macrouridae) of the North Atlantic 31(6) Voprosy ikhtiologii917-927?ALEKSEEV, F. E.1995`Sexual cycle of roundnose grenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris (Macrouridae) of the North Atlantic665-672Voprosy ikhtiologii 35(5) in Russian?$ALEKSEEVA, A. G. N. G. SAPRONETSKAYA1979IHydrochemical bases of primary production of the organic matter in waters115-1165Problems of fisheries oceanography of the World Ocean in Russian?1ALEKSEEVA, A. G. M. N. POPOVA N. G. SAPRONETSKAYA1979OOn formation of productive zones in one of regions of the Middle-Atlantic Ridge1275Problems of fisheries oceanography of the World Ocean in Russian?ALEKSEEVA, E. I.1983Maturation of ovaries, spawning character and local specificity of sexual cycles of alfoncino Beryx splendens Lowe of the Atlantic Ocean72-73& Problems of early ontogenesis of fish in Russian?ALEKSEEVA, A. G.1984FOn marking out of contact zones in the open part of the North Atlantic72-809Basin Problems of fisheries oceanography of the Northern in Russian?ALEKSEEVA, E. I. F. E. ALEKSEEV1984bSexual cycles of fish in studying of the species structure and functional structure of the habitat28-38LIntra-species differentiation of the sea commercial fishes and invertebrates in Russian?ANIKEEV, V. S. LEBEDEV2001FGrenadier of the Middle-Atlantic Ridge is a perspective fishing object10-12Morskaya industriya 2 in Russian?ANON1977bBioresources of the open part of the Atlantic Ocean and methods of their studying and exploitation294 ppManual of methods in Russian?ANON.1974Brief description of results of the cruise of research BMRT-121 "Kivach" to the area of Reykjanes and Mid-Atlantic Ridges from 14 January to 30 June, 197436 ppSevrybpromrazvedka. Murmansk in Russian?ANON.1974Information on results of searching and catching of grenadier by BMRT-0421 "Polyarnoe Siyanie" on the Reykjanes Ridge in June, July and October, 197331 ppSevrybpromrazvedka. Murmansk in Russian? ANON.1975TOrganization of searching and fishery for deepwater fishes on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge205 pp6PINRO,AtlantNIRO,Sevrybpromrazvedka,Zaprybpromrazvedka in Russian?!ANON.1977`The present status and perspectives of development of deepwater trawl fishery on the North Basin43 ppPromyshlenno,reybolovstvo1 in Russian?"ANON.1977lMethodical material on determination of Myctophidae of open areas of the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean52pAtlantNIRO, Zaprybpromrazvedka in Russian.?#ANON.1978lBrief description of results of the cruise in the open areas of Atlantic from 02 August to 26 December, 197723pp.Research SRTM-0839 "Ladoga"/Sevrybpromrazvedka in RussianF?$ANON.1978/New banks in the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge9Fisheries and technical information of Sevrybpromrazvedka}?%ANON.1978KManual on searching and harvesting of deepwater crabs in the North Atlantic25 p in Russian.?&ANON.1979lManual on the search and fishery for deepwater fishes on the underwater eminencies of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge82 pp in Russian.?'ANON.1980IMethodical materials on determination of fish of the open North Atlantic145 ppZaprybpromrazvedka in Russian|?(ANON.1980IMethodical recommendations on determination of the age of deep sea fishes 35 pp in Russianr?)ANON.1980@Manual on bottom fishery for grenadier on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge35 pp in Russian?*ANON.1981ZRecommendations on method of driving of a pelagic trawl on banks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 24 ppSevrybpromrazvedka. Murmansk in Russian?+ANON.1984wGeological and geophysical and biological investigations of the key zone of the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge851-854 Okeanologia 24(5) in Russian?,ANON.1984iReference material on of the water surface temperature in the fishery grounds of the open North Atlantic172 pp in Russian?-ANON.1986ZMethodical materials on determination of deep sea demersal fish of the open North Atlantic222 pp in Russian?.ANON.1987gMethodical materials on determination of eggs and larvae of fish of the open part of the North Atlantic160 pp in Russian~?/ANON.1988KBio-oceanographic structure of waters in areas of underwater sea eminencies208 pp in Russian?0ANON.1988DFisheries description of the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge179 pp6PINRO,AtlantNIRO,Sevrybpromrazvedka,Zaprybpromrazvedka in Russian?1ANON.1989|Background for searching works on studying of possibilities of trawl fishery for tuna in the open part of the North Atlantic114 pppishchevoy promyshlennosti in Russian?2ANON.1993QFisheries description of the North Azores complex of sea mounts and Corner Rising170 p6PINRO,AtlantNIRO,Sevrybpromrazvedka,Zaprybpromrazvedka in Russian?3ANON.1998&Macruridae of the North-Atlantic Ridge56pp8Retrospective review and nowadays possibility of fishery in Russian?4#BAIDALINOV, A. P. V. G. KOLESNIKOV.1977_On standardisation of oceanographic observations in the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge71-727Problems of the fishery oceanography of the World Ocean in Russian?5BAIDALINOV, A. P. L. I. PEROVA.1979XOn weight and chemical composition of liver of roundnose grenadier of the North Atlantic32-36Trudy AtlantNIRO No. 79 in Russian ?6 BAKAY, Yu. I.1984kData on fauna of parasites of deep-sea redfish (Sebastes mentella) from various areas of the North Atlantic 40-41wProblems of studying and rational exploitation of biological resources of seas of the European North and North Atlantic in Russian?7BAKAY, Yu.I. A.V. Zubchenko.1984fParasites of roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris) in two areas of the North Atlantic in 1981200-201.Annales Biologiques38?8 BAKAY, Yu.I.1988Application of results from parasitological investigations in redfish (Sebastes mentella Travin) populational structure studies. ICES C.M. 1988/G:35.?9 BAKAY, Yu. I.1992On interrelation between alfoncino (Beryx splendens Love) concentrations from different areas of the North Atlantic by data of parasitological investigations6-7.Pathology and parasitology of marine organisms in Russian?: BAKAY, Yu. I.1997GParasites of sea redfishes of the Sebastes genera of the North Atlantic43 ppMurmansk in Russian?;BALABANOVA, L. G.1981cYear-to-year and seasonal variability of water masses borders in the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge47-49LBiological Resources of Deep Water and Pelagic Layer of the Open World Ocean in Russian?<BARANOV, E. I.1972fMean monthly locations of hydrological fronts in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean. Okeanologiya217-225 12(2) in Russian?=BARINOV, A. A.1977Distribution and concentration of some commercial species in dependence on characteristics of seasonal thermocline in the North Atlantic111-1123Problems of fishery oceanography of the World Ocean in Russian?>BARINOV, A. A.1981NDynamics of frontal zones of the surface layer (0-200 m) of the North Atlantic85-116QOceanographic bases of formation of biological productivity of the North Atlantic in RussianF??BARINOV, A. A.1986Large-scale features of spatial/temporal variability of zones of up- and down-welling in the epi- and mezopelagic layers of the open part of the Atlantic Ocean+ Biological resources of the Atlantic Ocean22-51 in Russian?@$BLAZHCHIKHIN, A. I. N. P. LUKASHINA.1986]Lithological-stratigraphic section of the upper Quaternary depositions of the Reykjanes Ridge79-847Complex studying of the open part of the Atlantic Ocean in Russian?ABOGOROV, G. V.1969JMorphometric investigations in the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 1038-1048 Okeanologiya IX(6) in Russian?BBOGOVSKI, S.P. Yu. I. BAKAY.1989Chromatoblastomas and related pigmented lesions in deepwater redfish, Sebastes mentella (Travin), from North Atlantic areas, especially from the Irminger Sea1-13.Journal of Fish Diseases12?C+BOGOVSKY, S. P. Yu. I. BAKAY A. B. KARASEV.1986KHystological investigation of black spots and melanomas in deep-sea redfish114-120"Experimental and clinical oncology 7 in Russian?DBURUKOVSKY, R. N.1993+Biology of shrimp Parapasiphae sulcatifrons 45-52Biologiya moray3 in RussianF?ECHUKSIN, Yu. V. V. A. SIROTIN.1975LDeep water fishery for grenadier by midwater trawl on the Mid-Atlantic RidgeGU ZAPRYBA. Zaprybpromrazvedka124 pp in Russian?FCHUKSIN, Yu. V. V. A. SIROTIN.1975XPeculiarities of search and fishery for grenadier in the areas of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge125 pp in Russian5F?G>DEMENIN, N. A. V. A. KOLCHIN A. M. SAFRONOV V. I. VINNICHENKO.1998{Russian investigations and fishery of Roundnose Grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris) on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in 1996-1997KThe Study Group on the Biology and Assessment Deep-Sea Fisheries Resources Working doc.: 1-4.?HDETINOVA, N. N.19858Chaetognaths of the Reykjanes Ridge (the North Atlantic)96-136Moscow. Trudy IOAN120 in RussianՆ?IKDMITRIENKO, A. I. A. L. SOROKIN R. V. KASABOV V. V. KOLESNIKOV. ANON. 1985.1985ZBottom landscapes of underwater mountains of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 45° and 30°NP. 43-44 in Russian?JDOLGANOV, V. N.1985mRaja (Rajella) kukujevi sp/n/ (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) is a new species of skate from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge304-307Zoologichesky zhurnal64(2) in Russian?K DONDUA, V. K.1982IEconomical effectiveness of deepwater trawl fishery in the Atlantic Ocean 23 pp.Abstract of Doctor Thesis in Russian.?L1DROBYSHEVA, S. S. B. V. KOLODNITSKY A. V. KOPTEV.1985@Vertical structure of plankton communities of the North Atlantic 77-78/ Complex studying of the Atlantic Ocean nature Part II in Russian?M1DROBYSHEVA, S. S. B. V. KOLODNITSKY A. V. KOPTEV.1986eInvestigation of a microstructure of vertical distribution of plankton by the underwater observations105-119$ Underwater fisheries investigations in Russian?NDROBYSHEVA, S. S. A. V. KOPTEV.1991VSome features of the vertical structure of plankton communities of the North Atlantic 43-52$Fisheries investigations of plankton! Part I. Oceans and adjacent seas in Russian?O"DRUZHININ, A. D. B. P. PSHENICHNY.1979$Some problems of deepwater fisheries315-320? Problems of investigations and exploitation of the World Ocean in Russian?PDUSHENKO, V. V.1980Preliminary results of investigations on infraspecific groupings of roundnose grenadier in the North Atlantic. ICES C.M. 80/G:22.?QDUSHENKO, V. V.1982TPopulational and genetic investigations of roundnose grenadier of the North Atlantic125-126gThe union conference on theory of formation of abundance and rational exploitation of commercial stocks in Russian<?RDUSHENKO, V. V.1983Correlation between genetic stability and variability in populations of roundnose grenadier of the North Atlantic.Genetics of commercial fishes and objects of aquaculture. Materials of the union conference on genetics, selection and hybridization of fishes34-37 in Russian?SDUSHENKO, V. V.1985MOn formation of commercial stock of roundnose grenadier of the North Atlantic141-145 Behaviour of commercial fishes in Russian ?TDUSHENKO, V. V.1987Influence of partial expatriation of young fish on processes of formation of the area and a structure of gene fund of roundnose grenadier of the North Atlantic107-119+ Genetic investigations of marine organisms in Russian?U!DUSHENKO, V. V P. I. SAVVATIMSKY.1987 Intraspecies structure of roundnose grenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunnerus of the North Atlantic: changeability of local groups and prerequisites of their formation 784-792 .Voprosy ikhtiologii27(5) in Russian ?VDUSHENKO, V. V.1988Intraspecies structure of roundnose grenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris of the North Atlantic considering knowledge on partial expatriation of their young fish: genetic processes20-21Voprosy ikhtiologii 28(1) in Russian?WDUSHENKO, V. V.1989dOn intraspecies structure of roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris G.) of the North Atlantic22 ppAbstract of Doctor Thesis in Russian?X#DVININ, Yu. F. L. L. KONSTANTINOVA.1977tTechnochemical composition of some deepwater fishes of Atlantic and recommendations on exploitation of their stocks70-84 Trudy PINRO 39 in Russian?Y#DVININ, Yu. F. L. L. KONSTANTINOVA.1978CTechnochemical composition of some Macruridae of the North Atlantic57-59Rybnoe khozyaistvo1 in Russian.?ZDVININ, Yu. F.1981M Weight and chemical composition of roundnose grenadier of the North Atlantic3-15Technology of fish products in RussianL?[1DVININ, Yu. F. L. L. KONSTANTINOVA V. I. KUZMINA.1981On results of investigations of food and technical value of some deepwater and pelagic fish of the North Atlantic and perspectives of exploitation of their stocks39-40H Biological resources of deep and pelagic waters of the open World Ocean in Russian?\]DVININ, Yu. F. L. L. KONSTANTINOVA V. I. KUZMINA O. V. MOKANU L. V. PASHKOVA, L. P. KHARZOVA.1981XOn technical and chemical characteristics of some deepwater fishes of the North Atlantic16-28 Technology of fish products in Russian?]]DVININ, Yu. F. L. L. KONSTANTINOVA V. I. KUZMINA O. V. MOKANU L. V. PASHKOVA, L. P. KHARZOVA.1981EOn technical and chemical characteristics of some skates and chimaera29-51 Technology of fish products in Russian.?^ FILIN, A. A.1989GSome data on distribution of young Notoscopelus kroeyerii (Myctophidae) 1035-1037Voprosy ikhtiologii 29(6) in Russian?_ FILIN, A. A1995VPeculiarities of feeding and trophic relations of Notoscopelus kroeyerii (Myctophidae)635-641Voprosy ikhtiologii 35(5) in Russian?` FILIN, A. A.1997JGrowth and length-age composition of Notoscopelus kroeyerii (Myctophidae)33-38Voprosy ikhtiologii37(1) in Russian?aFINENKO, Z. Z.1985jPrimary production in the areas of rising of the oceanic bottom in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean184-191= Biological basis of fisheries in the open areas of the ocean in Russian?bGALAKTIONOV, G. Z.1984xPeculiarities of behaviour of Alfonsino Beryx splendens Lowe (Berycidae) schools in the Atlantic Ocean thalassic bathyal863-865 Vopr. Ikhtiol24 (5) in Russian?cGALAKTIONOVA, A. I.1978zIntraspecies structure of roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris G.) in the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 24Abstract of Doctor Thesis in Russian?d&GALAKTIONOVA, A. I. G. Z. GALAKTIONOV.1990Structure of encephalon and peculiarities of behaviour of roundnose grenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge342-347Voprosy ikhtiologii30(2) in Russian?eGEORGIEV, V. T., I. I. SVETLOV.1989Peculiarities of thermohaline and dynamic structure of waters of the deepwater eminence “Hekate” on the North-Atlantic Ridge44-524 Problems of fishery oceanography of the North Basin in Russian?f GERBER, E. M.1993gSome data on distribution and biology of blue whiting Micromesistus poutassou on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge61-65Voprosy ikhtiologii33(1) in Russian?g0GEVORKJAN, V. H. T. E. VASILIEVA, R. V. KASABOV.1982fProcesses of sedimentation and morphology of underwater mountains and eminencies of the North Atlantic59 pp in Russian?h.GEVORKJAN, V. H. I. E. LOMAKIN A. V. OMELCHUK.1986bGenesis of detrital rocks of the North-West Atlantic and geological position of the Azores Plateau 98-101N Complex investigation of the open part of the Atlantic Ocean. Selected papers in Russian1?iWGEVORKJAN, V. H. Yu. V. TRETYACHENKO A. I. SEREBRYANNIKOV I. E. LOMAKIN V. N. SHIBANOV.1987Studying of relationship between substantial composition of fish otoliths and bottom sediments of some fishing grounds of the north Atlantic61! Meeting of Soviet oceanographers in Russian?j>GEVORKJAN, V. H. Yu. G. A. L. SOROKIN G. I. LUKA A. M. PAVLOV.1990:Geological aspects of biological productivity of the ocean192 pp.Murmansk in Russian?kGLUKHOV, A. A. A. M. SENNIKOV.1981Status and perspectives of studying and exploitation of biological resources in the open North Atlantic. Biological resources of deep and pelagic waters of open World Ocean 3-4 Murmansk. in Russian?lGLUKHOV, A. A. M. L. ZAFERMAN.1982IObservations of behaviour of Poliprion americanus (Schneider)(Serranidae)334-336Voprosy ikhtiologii22(2) in RussianF?m*GLUKHOV, A.A. A. I. PAVLOV V. N. SHIBANOV.1983_Investigations on the a ecology deep-water fishes from the Hatton Plateau and George Bligh Bank Annales Biol37. in Russian?nGLUKHOV, A. A. A. P. KUZMICHEV.1984New locations of Squalus laticaudus Smith et Radcliffe (Squalidae) and Neocyttus helgae Holt et Byrne (Zeidae) in the North-East Atlantic669-671Voprosy ikhtiologii 24(4) in Russian?oEGORCHINSKY, K. V. SHIBANOV V. VINNICHENKO N.-R. HAREIDE M. KJERSTAD. 1994Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (42°- 48° N) ichthyofauna characteristics. Some results from the Russian-Norwegian deep-water expedition in September-October 1993. ICES CM 1994/G: 25.F?pGORDINA, A. D.1985MDistribution of ichthyoplankton in areas of the Atlantic Ocean bottom arising1 Complex studying of nature of the Atlantic OceanPart II in Russian2?qGORDINA, A. D.1988Structure and distributional pattern of ichthyoplankton near rises of oceanic floor.Biological resources of the thalassobathyal zone of the World Ocean13-14]Abstracts of the All-Union Conference on studies of fishes of the World Ocean thalassobathyal in Russian?rGORDINA, A. D.1991Achthyoplankton of oceanic rises of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans113 p. Naukova Dumka in Russian?sGRIGORJEV, G. V.1972<On reproduction of roundnose grenadier of the North Atlantic107-115Trudy PINRO, No. 28 in Russian?tGRIGORJEV, G. V.1972[ Status of gonads of females of the North Atlantic roundnose grenadier in different seasons24-25dTheses of papers of the conference of young scientists of PINRO by results of investigations in 1971 in Russian?uGRIGORJEV, G. V.1982hReproduction of roundnose grenadier (Macrurus rupestris Gunner) in different areas of the North Atlantic 115-116lThe union conference on theory of formation of abundance and rational exploitation of commercial fish stocks in Russian?v#GRIGORJEV, G. V. V. P. SEREBRYAKOV.1983<Eggs of roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunn.)684-686Voprosy ikhtiologii 23 (4) in Russian?w!GRIGORJEV, G. V. S. A. OGANESYAN.1988aCharacter of ovogenesis and spawning in the North-Atlantic Maurolicus muelleri (Sternopthychidae) 65-675The union conference on the early ontogenesis of fishPart 1 in Russian ?x!GRIGORJEV, G. V. S. A. OGANESYAN.1989Character of spermatogenesis, spawning type and scale of maturity of testicles of Maurolicus. Bioresources of mezo- and bathypelagic waters of the open part of the North Atlantic71-90PINRO in Russian?y GRUZOV, L. N.1997kPrincipal features of a biological structure of epipelagic waters of the North Atlantic and adjacent basins44-45- Complex studying of the Atlantic Ocean Basin in Russian?zGUSHCHIN, A. V. E. I. KUKUEV1981QOn the composition of ichthyofauna of the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge36-40! Fishes of the open ocean. Moscow in Russian?{GUSHCHIN, A. V.1982iOn feeding of roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris) in thalassic bathyal of the North Atlantic19 pp 372-RP-D82 in Russian?|GUSHCHIN, A. V.1982uFood composition of roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris) in thalassic bathyal waters of the North Atlantic 63-67iFeeding and food relations of fish and invertebrates of the Atlantic Ocean. Selected papers of AtlantNIRO in Russian?}GUSHCHIN, A. V.1982wFeeding and food relations of fish of the thalassic bathyal of the North Atlantic on the example of roundnose grenadier 21 pp.Abstract of the Doctor Thesis in Russian?~GUSHCHIN, A. V.1982YMaterials on feeding of mezopelagic fishes of the thalassic bathyal of the North Atlantic 66-711 Insufficiently explored fishes of the open ocean in Russian?GUSHCHIN, A. V.1983ISquid in feeding of grenadier of thalassic bathyal of the North Atlantic134& Systematic and ecology of cephalopods in Russian?$GUSHCHIN, A.V. S. G. PODRAZHANSKAYA.1984nFeeding of Roundnose Grenadier ('Coryphaenoides rupestris) and its trophic relationships in the North Atlantic'NAFO Sci. Council Studies. No. 7:53-59. in Russian+?-HAREIDE, N.-R. J. LANGEDAL V. I. VINNICHENKO.1998hResults of investigations of deep-water fish by longliner "Skarheim" on the Reykjanes Ridge in July 199734aWorking document of the Study Group on Biology and Assessment of the Deep-sea Fisheries Resources ICES in Russianm? ILJIN, A. V.1976*Geomorphology of the Atlantic Ocean bottom232 pp Nauka in Russian?KALUGIN, A. N. V. N. SHIBANOV.1989XOn ecology of roundnose grenadier of some underwater mountains of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 146-147. Complex studying of the Atlantic Ocean nature in Russian?,KALUGIN, A. N. I. E. LOMAKIN V. N. SHIBANOV.1991]Relief of underwater mountains, local dynamics of waters and distribution of marine organisms78-89<Underwater methods of investigations in the fishing industry in Russian?KAPRALOVA, V. P.1983KThermal regime of troposphere above the area of the oceanic station. Moscow92-97 Trudy GOIN 164 in Russian?*KASABOV, R. V. M. N. POPOVA N. V. GOLOVIN.1977RSome results of investigation of the current in the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 82-834 Problems of fishery oceanography of the World Ocean in Russian?KASATKIN, V. I.1979 Conditions of fishery for roundnose grenadier in the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Materials of meeting on further development of fishery in the open World Ocean 20-26 in Russian?KASHKIN, N. I.1977WFauna of the echosounding layers. Biology of ocean. V. 1. Biological structure of ocean 299-318 in Russian? KELLER, N. B.1985kMadreporarian corals of the Reykjanes Ridge and Platon Mountains (the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean).39-51 Trudy IOAN120 in Russian9?KEMENOV, V. E.1979The influence of water dynamics on the effectiveness of the midwater fishery in the zone of local rising of the World Ocean bottom (on the example of underwater mountains of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) 55-563Problems of fishery oceanography of the World Ocean in Russian?KEMENOV, V. E.1982vForecast of horizontal migrations of grenadier on banks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge as a basis of the systematic fishery 65-66#The union meeting of oceanographers5(2) in Russian?KHROMOV, D. N.1986JPeculiarities of distribution of pelagic Cephalopoda of the North Atlantic 37-46N Resources and perspectives of exploitation of squid stocks of the World Ocean in Russian?0KISLITSYN, S. P. A. P. NAGURNY A. S. TSVETUCHIN.1983Mezo-scale structure of heat flows on the surface of water by observations on the oceanographic fields (August-September, 1977)119-123382 in Russian?KISLYAKOV, A. G. V. V. ROSSOV.1973^Some features of water circulation in the central and northeastern areas of the North Atlantic10-36 Trudy PINRONo. 34 in Russianp?KLENOVA, M. V. V. M. LAVROV.1975Geology of the Atlantic Ocean456 pp.Nauka in Russian?KLIMENKOV, A. I. V. E. KEMENOV.1982gRecommendations on search and fishery in the area of the underwater mountains of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge40-50QMaterials on methods of searching for fish and non-fish objects in the open ocean in Russian?KOLINKO, A. V. V. N. KISELEV.1990Large-scale variability of characteristics of heat exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere in the area of the ocean station “C”105-114 Trudy GOIN 190 in Russian?KOLINKO, A. V. I. V. NAZAROV1990~Investigation of heat exchange of synoptic vortices between the ocean and atmosphere by data of measurements of ocean stations 88-94 Trudy GOIN 192 in Russian? KOPTEV, A. V.1984JSome data on sound scattering layers in the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge8-9x Problems of studying and rational exploitation of biological resources of seas of the European North and North Atlantic in Russian?KOTENEV, B. N.19687Marine geological investigations in the area of Iceland 1049-1052 Okeanologiya 8(6) in Russian?+KOTENEV, B. N. V. V. NAZIMOV V. D. RVACHEV.1974$Geomorphology of the Reykjanes Ridge98-109 Trudy VNIRO 98 in Russian?KOTENEV, B. N.1976jUnderwater canyons of the Atlantic Ocean and their influence on the biological productivity of deep waters1-49 Fisheries oceanography 2 in Russian?KOTENEV, B. N.1986:Topogenic areas of the increased bioproductivity of waters35-51*Biological resources of the Atlantic Ocean in Russiann?KOTLYAR, A. N.1988wAtlantic roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus Collett (Trachichthyidae, Beryciformes): distribution and commercial importance32Biological resources of the thalassobathyal zone of the World Ocean. Abstracts of the All-Union Conference on studies of fishes of the World Ocean thalassobathyal. (Pybnoye, November 1988) in Russiang?KOTLYAR, A. N.1996$Oceanic fish of the Berycidae family 368pVNIRO in RussianF? KOVALEVA, A. A. A. V. GAEVSKAYA.1981WOn new findings of Microsporidia of Parvicapsula genera in fish of the Atlantic OceanZoologichesky zhurnalLX() in Russian? KUKUEV, E. I.1984bIchthyofauna of thalassic bathyal of the North Atlantic (composition and zoogeographical analysis)25 ppAbstract of Doctor Thesis in Russian? KUKUEV, E. I.1985On composition and zoogeographical structure of bottom and bottom-pelagic ichthyocenoses of underwater eminencies of the North Atlantic 49-51. Complex studying of the Atlantic Ocean nature Part II in Russian?!KUKUEV, E. I. V. V. SUKHOVERSHIN.1985On cases of catch of frill shark (Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, Chlamydoselachidae, Chondricthyes) in thalassic bathyal of the North and South-West Atlantic69-71 Bull. MOIP90(5) in Russian?KUKUEV, E. I..1988MZoogeographical structure of mezopelagic ichthyocenoses of the North Atlantic275-276&The union conference on marine biologyPart I in Russian? KUKUEV, E. I. I. I. KONOVALENKO.1988oNew species of sharks of the Scymnodalatias (Dalatidae) genus from the North Atlantic and south-eastern Pacific315-319Voprosy ikhtiologii 28(2) in Russian?KUKUEV,1991_Ichthyofauna of underwater eminencies of the boreal and subtropical zones of the North Atlantic 15-30= Biological resources of thalassic bathyal of the World Ocean in Russian? KUKUEV, E. I.1998aSystematic and distribution of daggertooth of the Anotopterus genus (Anotopteridae, Aulopiformes)745-749Voprosy ikhtiologii38(6) in Russian?+KUKUEV, E. I. E. I. KARASEVA V. N. FELDMAN.2000IOn mezopelagic ichthyofauna of the boreal zone of the North-East Atlantic391-396Voprosy ikhtiologii40(3) in Russian?KUSMORSKAYA, A. P.1960EZooplankton of the frontal zone of the North Atlantic in spring, 1958 139-153J Soviet fisheries investigations in the seas of the European North. Moscow in Russian?KUZNETSOV, A. P.1985nBottom fauna of the reef zone of the Reykjanes Ridge (distribution of quantity, trophic structure, communities6-20 Trudy IOAN120 in RussianK?#KUZNETSOVA, L. N. Yu. A. LOKTIONOV.1985Investigation of changeability of three-dimensional water circulation above peaks of the North-Atlantic Ridge with the use of diagnostic method of currents calculation.Complex fishery and oceanographic investigations in the Atlantic Ocean11-18 AtlantNIRO in Russianf? LAVROV, V. M.1979!Geology of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge143 pp Nauka. in Russian?.LISITSYN, A. P. Yu. A. BOGDANOV E. G. GURVICH.19902Hydrothermal formations of reef zones of the ocean256 pp Nauka in Russian ? LISOVSKY, S. F. I. P. SHESTOPAL.1990WOn perspectives of development of ling lining for demersal fishes in the North Atlantic116-118cThe union conference “Reserve food biological resources of the open ocean and seas of the USSR” in Russian? LITVIN, V. M.1966XNew data on structure of a shelf and insular slope in the area of the South-West Iceland97-107>Materialy rybokhozyaistvennykh issledovanii severnogo basseina 6 in Russian? LITVIN, V. M.19782New map of the relief of the Atlantic Ocean bottom 1002-1005DAN SSSR 243 (4) in Russian? LITVIN, V. M.1980aMorphostructure of the Atlantic Ocean bottom and its development in Mesozoic and Cenozoic periods124 pp Nauka in Russianc?DLOGVINENKO, B. M. G. N. NEFEDOV L. M. MASSALSKAYA I. B. POLYANSKAYA.1983`Populational analysis of grenadier by genetic polymorphism of non-specific esterases and myogens29-34 Genetics of commercial fishes and objects of aquaculture. Materials of the union conference on genetics, selection and hybridization of fishes in RussianB?LOKTIONOV, Yu. A.1981Some features of mezo-scaled variability of hydrological characteristics south of the subpolar front above the North-Atlantic Ridge 21-27}Spatial and temporal variability of hydrometeorological conditions in the fishing grounds of the Atlantic Ocean. Kaliningrad. in Russian?LOKTIONOV, Yu. A.1984Fluctuations of temperature as a factor of changeability of flows of the intermediate layer of water in the fishing grounds above the North-Atlantic Ridge 22 ppAbstract of the Doctor Thesis in RussiansF?LOKTIONOV, Yu. A.1986The North-Atlantic Ridge" Fisheries oceanography. 286-287 in Russian?<LOMAKIN, I. E. V. V. KOLESNIKOV A. L. SOROKIN V. A. MALAKHOV1987)Geology of the underwater mountain Eureka113-114[ Complex studying of nature of the Atlantic Ocean: theses of the fourth regional conference in Russian?=LOMAKIN, I. E. V. V. KOLESNIKOV A. L. SOROKIN V. P. MOROZENKO1987$Geology of underwater mountain Minia115-116[ Complex studying of nature of the Atlantic Ocean: theses of the fourth regional conference in Russian?-LOMAKIN, I. E. E. E. IVANOV V. V. KOLESNIKOV.1988XRelief and peculiarities of geological structure of underwater mounts of Reykjanes Ridge 76-80Priroda i khozyaistvo Severa 16 in Russian?-LOMAKIN, I. E. V. V. KOLESNIKOV V. E. IVANOV.1988Geology of underwater mounts and lineaments of the Reykjanes Ridge. In Geological and geographical problems of exploitation of natural resources of the North Seas27-33Murmansk in Russian?5LUKASHEVICH, I. P. E. I. PRISTAVAKINA O. G. SOROKHTIN1982bRole of dynamics and static in formation of the relief of the northern part the Mid-Atlantic Ridge781-788 Okeanologia 22(5) in Russian?MAKAROV, A V. VINNICHENKO1998Elusive alfoncino8-9Fishing News International 37, No. 7 in Russian?MAKOVOZENKO, T. V1983PCalculation of thickness of the active layer in some areas of the North Atlantic79-85 Trudy GOIN 164 in Russian?MAMAEV, Yu. L A. V. ZUBCHENKO19784Two new genera of monogenies from the North Atlantic 1131-1139Zoologichesky zhurnal LVII(8) in Russian? MATUL, A. G1994On the problem of paleo-oceanological evolution of the area of the Reykjanes Ridge (the North Atlantic) during the last deglaciation by data of studying of Radiolaria881-889 34(6) in Russian? MATUL, A. G1999|On relation between distribution of Radiolaria and water masses participating in formation of the North-Atlantic deep waters152-157 Okeanologia39(1) in Russian?MAZHIRINA, G. P1992hPeculiarities of ovaries development in Benthosema glaciale from different regions of the North Atlantic 203-218. Studies of bioresources of the North AtlanticCollected Papers in Russian?MAZHIRINA, G. P A. A. FILIN1992QPeculiarities of reproductive biology of Notoscopelus kroeyeri Malm (Myctophidae)219-238A Studies of bioresources of the North Atlantic. Collected Papers in Russian?MELNIKOV, S. P1999vVertical structure and mechanism of formation of concentrations of deep-sea redfish in the area of the Reykjanes Ridge75-86Z Biology and regulation of fishery for demersal fish of the Barents Sea and North Atlantic in RussianF? MOISEEV, S. I1986`Underwater observations of squids of the North Atlantic from the underwater device “Sever-2”#Underwater fisheries investigations in Russian?MOISEEV, S. I.1989qVertical distribution and behaviour of squid Gonatus fabricii (Cephalopoda, Gonatidae) in the North-East Atlantic53-60S Underwater investigations from the bio-oceanological and fisheries points of view in Russian}?MUROMTSEV, A. M19631Main features of hydrology of the Atlantic Ocean838Gidrometeoizdat in Russian?NAZIMOV, V. V.1972_Fisheries conditions in dependence on the structure of the northern part of the Reykjanes Ridge3-4^Conference of young scientists of PINRO by results of investigations in 1971. Theses of papers in Russian? NAZIMOV, V. V19775Structure of the northern part of the Reykjanes Ridge96-97Priroda i khozayistvo Severa 6 in Russian?+NITS, G. S. A. S. POLOSIN E. B. CHERNYAVSKY1974;Intermediate and deep waters above the North-Atlantic Ridge1-35Promyslovaya okeanologiyaNo.3 in Russian?NIZOVTSEV, G. P1989aNew data on distribution of Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides in the North Atlantic856-860Voprosy ikhtiologii 29(5) in Russian?PAVLOV, A. I O. I. SAMAREVA1980pOn method of determination of the age of slickhead Alepocephalus bairdi Goode et Bean of the North-East Atlantic28-29EMethods of determination of the age and growth of new commercial fish in Russian? PAVLOV, A. I1988Distribution and behaviour of deep sea redfish (Sebastes mentella Travin) on the Reykjanes Ridge by observations from the underwater device “Sever-2”54-55<Biological resources of thalassic bathyal of the World Ocean in Russian;? PAVLOV, A. I.1991Some specific features of distribution and behaviour of deep-sea redfish (Sebastes mentella Travin) on the Reykjanes Ridge by observations from underwater device “Sever-2”49-61OBiological resources of thalassic bathyal of the World Ocean. Selected papers in Russian?PAVLOV, A. I., V. N. SHIBANOV1991jInvestigations of biological resources of pelagic and thalassic bathyal waters of the open North Atlantic104-117U Complex fishery investigations of PINRO on the North Basin: results and perspectives in Russian?)PAVLOV, A. I. V. N. SHIBANOV I. A. OGANIN1991ZStatus and perspectives of exploitation of biological resources of the open North Atlantic 6-15B Biological resources of thalassic bathyal zone of the World Ocean in Russian?PODRAZHANSKAYA, S. G1969dFeeding of roundnose grenadier in some areas of the North-West Atlantic and in the waters of Iceland54-73' Trudy molodykh uchenykh i specialistov 1 in Russian?PODRAZHANSKAYA, S. G1975Feeding of commercial species of Macruridae of the North Atlantic: roundnose grenadier (Macrurus rupestris) and roughhead grenadier (Macrurus berglax) 30Abstract of Doctor Thesis in Russian?;POLETAEV, V. A. K. V. GORCHINSKY A. A. FILIN A. K. CHUMAKOV1991QPreliminary results of studying of lanternfishes of the Atlantic and South Oceans 118-129VComplex fisheries investigations of PINRO on the North Basin: results and perspectives in Russian?POLONSKY, A. S19797Fish resources of the bathyal waters of the World Ocean 138-149'Biological resources of the World Ocean in Russian? POPOVA, M. N1975JOceanographic investigations in the area of the underwater Reykjanes Ridge 35-41 Trudy PINRO35 in Russian? POPOVA, M. N1977>On circulation of waters in the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge33-356 Problems of fisheries oceanography of the World Ocean in Russian? POPOVA, M. N1978XSome peculiarities of distribution of water masses in the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge94-98 Trudy PINRO40 in Russian?POPOVA, M. N L. G. BALABANOVA1979bInter-seasonal variability of location of hydrological front in the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 130-1316 Problems of fisheries oceanography of the World Ocean in Russian?POPOVA, M. N L. G. BALABANOVA1981SSome peculiarities of hydrological conditions of the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 426-438R Oceanographic basis of formation of biological productivity of the North Atlantic in Russian?-PSHENICHNY, B. P. A. N. KOTLYAR A. A. GLUKHOV19866Fish resources of the Atlantic Ocean thalassic bathyal230-252+ Biological resources of the Atlantic Ocean in Russian? RUDENKO, M. V19822Morphological peculiarities of the Reykjanes Ridge101-1022The union conference of oceanographers. Sevastopol 7(1) in Russian? RUDENKO, M. V1986CGeomorphology of the reef zone of the Reykjanes Ridge in 58°30’N631-638 Okeanologiya 26(4) in Russian?;RVACHEV, V. D. V. V. KOLESNIKOV R. V. KASABOV A. L. SOROKIN19841Underwater mountains relief of the North Atlantic 60-71: Problems of the fisheries oceanography of the North Basin in Russian?SAGALEVICH, A. M1987IOceanography and underwater manned apparatuses. Methods of investigations256Nauka in RussianF?SAMOKHVALOV, V. V1982{On possibilities of development of fishery for deep-sea redfish in the Irminger Sea and grenadier on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 102-105Increase of effectiveness of the fishing fleet and further development in the open part of the ocean. Materials of the union conference in Russian?SAPRONETSKAYA, N. G1989<Distribution of nitrates in waters of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge28-436 Problems of fisheries oceanography of the North Basin| in Russian?SAVVATIMSKY, P. I1982+Fatness of Macruridae in the North Atlantic97-111DAbundance and habits of commercial fishes of the North-West Atlantic in Russian?SAVVATIMSKY, P. I1982MReproduction and sex composition of roundnose grenadier on the North Atlantic 32-53E Abundance and habits of commercial fishes of the North-West Atlantic in RussianF?SAVVATIMSKY, P. I1984On Correlation between Total Length and Pre-anal Length of Roundnose Grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris) in the North Atlantic NAFO SCR Doc 84/V1/44. Serial No. 829. in RussianF? SAVVATIMSKY, P. I V. N. SHIBANOV1987uOn population structure of Roundnose Grenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunnerus. (Macrouridae) in the North AtlanticNAFO SCRDoc 87/92 Serial No. 1396. in Russian ?;SENNIKOV, A. M B. P. SHIMKO S. G. MUKHIN T. E. BLIZNICHENKO1986lBiology and distribution of winter spawning group of squid (Todarodes sagittatus) in the North-East Atlantic 29-37H Resources and perspectives of exploitation of squids of the World Ocean in Russian?SEREBROV, L. I1974dStudying of behaviour of polar cod and roundnose grenadier with the use of the on-trawl photo camera6-8Rybnoe khozyaistvo 11 in Russian?SEREBROV, L. I1976.Dependence of schools’ density on fish sizes152-157Voprosy ikhtiologii 16[1(96)] in Russian?SHATOBA, O. E. Yu. V. SHISHLO1984jHydroacoustic search for fish at large depths (manual for navigators working in the open part of Atlantic)72 in Russian?SHESTOPAL, I. P S. F. LISOVSKY1993TOn perspectives of fishery for sharks on the underwater mounts of the North Atlantic63-64 in Russian*?SHIBANOV, V. N1985JPeculiarities of reproduction of roundnose grenadier of the North Atlantic 71 Studying and rational exploitation of biological resources of north seas and North Atlantic. Theses of papers of the conference of young scientists and specialists in RussianF? SHIBANOV, V. N P. I. SAVVATIMSKY1987Method of conversion of Roundnose Grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunnerus, Macrouridae) Ante-Anal Distance into Zoological Length$NAFO SCR Doc 87/91 Serial No. 1395. in Russian?SHIBANOV, V. N1988mSome peculiarities of seasonal and daily dynamics of feeding of roundnose grenadier of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge112-113W Feeding of marine fishes and exploitation of food base as elements of fishery forecast in Russian?SHIBANOV, V. N A. S. YAROVOY1988Measurement of reflection ability of roundnose grenadier and microplankton with the use of the underwater apparatus “Sever-2”74-76Rybnoe khozyaistvo 3 in Russian!?+SHIBANOV, V. N A. N. KALUGIN V. V. BONDAREV1988Assessment of biomass of the bottom ichthyocenosis on the underwater mounts of the Azores area with the use of underwater apparatus “Sever-2” 65-744Instrumental methods of commercial stocks assessment in Russian?)SHIBANOV, V. N. A. I. PAVLOV I. A. OGANIN1988MPerspectives of national fisheries in thalassic bathyal of the North Atlantic 87-89 The meeting of specialists of the union associations of the USSR Ministry for Fisheries, fish searching fleets and basins institutes on the problem of widening of fisheries for valuable fish species and sea products in Russian ?SHIBANOV, V. N A. N. KALUGIN1989Results of fish assessment done with the use of the underwater apparatus “Sever-2” on the underwater mounts of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge199-215I Bioresources of mezo- and bathypelagic waters of the open North Atalntic in Russianņ?+SHIBANOV, V. N. A. N. KALUGIN A. S. YAROVOY1989kOn the method of stock assessment of roundnose grenadier on the underwater mounts of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge156-165 in Russian=?+SHIBANOV, V. N. I. E. LOMAKIN A. N. KALUGIN1989pResults of investigations of thalassic bathyal of the North Atlantic in the 12th cruise of RPS “Ichthyandr”1-11nAdvanced industrial experience and scientific and technical achievements recommended for introduction. Moscow 5 in Russian?SHIBANOV, V. N A. N. KALUGIN1990^Vertical distribution of demersal fishes on the underwater mountains of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge176-177gThe union conference “Reserve food and biological resources of the open ocean and seas of the USSR” in Russian?SHIBANOV, V. N1992WSeasonal and daily dynamics of feeding of roundnose grenadier of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 31-444 Investigation of bioresources of the North Atlantic in Russian?SHIBANOV, V. N1998sBiological basis of fishery for roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris Gubberus, 1765) in the North Atlantic 24Abstract of Doctor Thesis in Russian?SHIBANOV, V. N1999^Populational structure of roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris) of the North Atlantic 1027The IXth union conference on the fisheries oceanography in RussianB?PSILVA, H. M. da V. I. VINNICHENKO V. N. SHIBANOV G. MENEZES E. ESTEVES J. RAMOS 1996oBiology, ecology and abundance of the golden eye perch Beryx splendens in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (ICES Area X)11 p.`Rep.Study Group on Biology and Assessment of the Deep-sea Fisheries Resources. ICES Headquarters? SMIRNOV, V. G1983bObservations of thin thermohaline structure of waters in the area of the oceanic station C. Moscow86-91 Trudy GOIN 164 in Russian?!SMIRNOV, O. V V. I. VINNICHENKO 1998o Short results of experimental cruise of the Faroe longliner TG-787 "Mai" to the Reykjanes Ridge in August 19971- 8.UThe Study Group on the biol. and assessment of deep-sea fish. resources .Working doc?SOPOV, Yu. N V. N. SHIBANOV1980<On method of determination of the age of roundnose grenadier31-34O Methods of determination of the age and growth of new commercial marine fishes in Russian!?.SVETLOV, I. I. V. N. SHIBANOV V. V. KOLESNIKOV1984The influence of oceanographic factors on the distribution and behaviour of roundnose grenadier on banks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge106-107?Inter-university conference of young scientists and specialists in Russian?TARNOPOLSKY, A. G1983MSpatial and temporal statistical structure of large-scale hydrological fields 67-78 Trudy GOIN 164 in Russian? TITOVA, N. V1981~Differentiation of Beryx splendens Lowe of the thalassic bathyal of the Atlantic Ocean by frequency of esterase locus alleles135-137. Genetics, selection and hybridization of fish in Russian?TROYANOVSKY, F.M S. F. LISOVSKY1995URussian (USSR) fisheries research in deep waters (below 500 m.) in the North Atlantic 357-365.: Deep-Water Fisheries of the North Atlantic Oceanic Slope in RussianF?+TSYGANOV, V.F I. K. SIGAEV Yu. A. LOKTIONOV1982Distribution of Available Potential Energy, Geostrophic Circulation and Biological Productivity Indices in Two Areas of the North AtlanticNAFO SCR Doc. 82/IX/101Serial No 610. in Russian?7UFINTSEV, G. B. V. M. LITVIN N. A. MOROVA M. V. RUDENKO1973FNew data on morphological structure of reef zone of the Atlantic Ocean214-217DAN SSSR208(1) in Russian?UKRAINSKY, V. V A. P. SHUBENKO1983TSome regular trends of water temperature and meteo-elements at the oceanic station C54-66 Trudy GOIN164 in Russian#?VINNICHENKO, V. I1979eInfluence of hydrodynamics on behaviour of roundnose grenadier in the open part of the Atlantic Ocean20-21} Status of stocks and dynamics of abundance of pelagic fish of the World Ocean. Theses of papers of the scientific conference in Russian=F?1VINNICHENKO, V. I. K. V.GORCHINSKY V. N. SHIBANOV1994Fishery and biological features on some sea mounts of the North Atlantic Ridge by datarom September-October 1993 cruise of the trawler "Ramoen"KMaterials of the Report Session on results from NIR PINRO research in 1993181-199 in Russian?VINNICHENKO, V. I1995< On commercial stock of alfoncino in the open North Atlantic 32 pX Theses of Reports of the 4th All-Union Conference on problems of commercial forecasting in Russian?VINNICHENKO, V. I1996Results of investigations and fishery of alfoncino in the North Atlantic open areas in 1994-1995. Materials of the Report Session on results from PINRO research in 199595-106PINRO in Russian?VINNICHENKO, V. I1996dVertical daily migrations of alfoncino Beryx splendens Lowe on sea mounts in the open North Atlantic71pp.UDeep-water fishes: Annual International Symp., 1-5 July 1996. Programme and abstracts in Russian?VINNICHENKO, V. I1996MRussian Investigations on Fishery on Deep-water fish in the North Azores area 13 pp.WReport of the study Group on the Biology and assessment of Deep-Sea Fisheries resources in Russian?VINNICHENKO, V. I1996HNew data on distribution of some tuna (Scombridae) in the North Atlantic713-715Voprosy ikhtiologii 36(5) in Russian?VINNICHENKO, V. I1997uVertical daily migrations of alfoncino Beryx splendens Lowe on sea mounts of the North Atlantic open areas490-496Vopr. ikhtiol.37(4) in RussianF?VINNICHENKO, V. I1998\Alfoncino (Beryx splendens) biology and fishery on the sea mounts in the open North AtlanticICES CM 1998/O13. in Russian?VINNICHENKO, V. I1998TOn results of the cruise of long liner “Skarheim” to the Reykjanes Ridge in 1997 97-106J Materials of PINRO session by results of scientific research in 1996-1997 in Russian?VINNICHENKO, V. I1998\Spatial and temporal variability of demersal fish catches in the area of the Reykjanes Ridge 65-66Q Theses of papers of the VIIth Russian conference on problems of fishery forecast in Russian?VINNICHENKO, V. I1999BRussian investigations and fishery on seamounts in the Azores area18 p!18-a Semana das Pescas dos Acores in Russian?VINNICHENKO, V. I19998Deepwater fishery by passive gear on the Reykjanes Ridge6-7jFisheries investigations of the World Ocean. Papers of the International Conference, 27-29 September, 1999 2 in Russian ?VINNICHENKO, V. I.1999gAlfoncino of the open part of the North Atlantic: results of investigations and perspectives of fishery119-120[ Fishery investigations of the World Ocean. Selected papers of the international conference1 in Russian?VINNICHENKO, V. I2000ARussian deepwater fishery in the open Northeast Atlantic in 19991 – 3.WICES The Study Group on the Biology and Assessment of Deep-sea Fisheries Resources 2000 in Russian?  VINNICHENKO, V. I V. N. KHLIVNOY2001ORussian deep-sea investigations and fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic in 20001- 13.N The Study Group on the Biology and Assessment of Deep-sea Fisheries Resources in Russian? 0VINNICHENKO, V. I. KHLIVNOY V. N N.M. TIMOSHENKO2001cTimoshenko N.M. Russian deep-sea investigations and fisheries in the the Northeast Atlantic in 2001 18 p.P The Working Group on the Biology and Assessment of Deep-sea Fisheries Resources in Russian? VINNICHENKO, V. I2002BRussian investigations and fishery on seamounts in the Azores area18!18-a Semana das Pescas dos Acores in Russian? VINOGRADOVA, L. A L. N. GRUZOV1990UOn biocenotical division of epipelagic layer of the North Atlantic and adjacent areas112-133 Trudy GOIN82 in Russian? ZAFERMAN, M. L19779On behaviour of roundnose grenadier in the fishing ground19-21Rybnoe khozyaistvo 4 in Russian?ZAFERMAN, M. L1986FOn behaviour of roundnose grenadier by data of underwater observations5-14" Underwater fishery investigations in Russian?ZAFERMAN, M. L A. M. SENNIKOV1986KBiology and peculiarities of behaviour of deepwater crab Geryon quinquedens 43-45BThe union conference of commercial invertebrates. Theses of papers in Russian?ZAFERMAN, M. L V. E. KEMENOV1987JDynamics of waters and behaviour of fish. Meeting of Soviet oceanographers 16-17Theses of papersPart II. Leningrad in RussianF?ZAFERMAN, M. L1991aOn behaviour of roundnose grenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris (by data of underwater observations)Voprosy ikhtiologii 31(6) in Russian?ZAFERMAN, M. L A. M. SENNIKOV1991bDistribution, peculiarities of biology and behaviour of deepwater crabs in the open North Atlantic69-80B Biological resources of the thalassic bathyal of the World Ocean in Russian?ZAFERMAN, M. L I. P. SHESTOPAL1991nUnderwater search for fish and deepwater longlining in the areas of underwater mountains of the North Atlantic 50-77PINRO in Russian?,ZAFERMAN, M. L. V. N. SHIBANOV A. N. KALUGIN1991Studies of behavior and distribution of round-nose grenadier in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge region with using of submersible “Sever-2”62-697Biological resources of the World Ocean thalassobathyal in Russian@?9ZAFERMAN, M. L V. N. SHIBANOV A. N. KALUGIN A. S. YAROVOY1991Investigations of behaviour and distribution of roundnose grenadier in the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the use of underwater device “Sever-2”62-69=Biological resources of thalassic bathyal of the World Ocean in Russian?ZAFERMAN, M. L I. P. SHESTOPAL1996Assessment of tusk abundance on the underwater eminencies of the North Atlantic by data of underwater observations and long lining65-79/ Instrumental methods of fishery investigations in Russian?ZAFERMAN, M. L I. P. SHESTOPAL1997QNon-traditional fishery objects on the underwater mountains of the North Atlantic 49-51d Non-traditional objects of the sea fishery and perspectives of their exploitation. Theses of papers in Russian? ZEZINA, O. N1985hOn the usage of bottom sestonophages for evaluation of the productivity on the middle-oceanic eminencies65-69 Trudy IOAN 120 in RussianF?ZILANOV, V. K S. J. BOGDANOV1969LResults research on Scomberesox saurus in the north-eastern Atlantic in 1968Annals. Biolog. (1968) 25252-255. in Russian? ZILANOV, V. K1970QInvestigations on the biology of Scomberesox saurus in the North Atlantic in 1969263-265.Annals. Biolog. (1969) 26 in Russiany?ZILANOV, V. K.1975<Biology and fishery for Atlantic saury in the North Atlantic 118 pp in Russian?ZUBCHENKO, A. V19756On parasitic fauna of Macruridae of the North Atlantic234-238 Trudy PINRO 35 in RussianF?ZUBCHENKO, A. V1976On existence of an integral population of roundnose grenadier (Macrurus rupestris Gunner) in the North-West Atlantic. II Union Symposium on parasites and diseases of marine animalsTheses of papers in Russian?ZUBCHENKO, A. V1978;New species of trematodes from fishes of the North Atlantic116-120 Parazitologia 12(2) in Russian?ZUBCHENKO, A. V1979YSome peculiarities of formation of parasitic fauna of Macruriformes of the North Atlantic 41-42EThe union meeting on parasites and diseases of fish. Theses of papers in Russian? ZUBCHENKO, ?. V1981=Parasitic fauna of some Macrouridae in the Northwest Atlantic67-72. J. Northwest. Atl. Fich. Sci2 in Russian?!ZUBCHENKO, A. V1981Usage of parasitological data for studying of local groups of roundnose grenadier. Symposium on parasitology and pathology of marine organisms 25-32Theses of papers in Russian?"ZUBCHENKO, A. V1981Populational structure of roundnose grenadier of the North-East Atlantic by parasitological data. Moscow. The union conference of young scientists 66-67Theses of papers in Russian?#ZUBCHENKO, A. V19840On populational structure of roundnose grenadier 24-35TEcology of biological resources of the North Basin and their commercial exploitation in Russian?$ZUBCHENKO, ?. V1985pUse of Parasitological Data in Studies of the Local Groupings of Rock Grenadier, Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunner19-23.NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS25 in RussianF?%ZUBCHENKO, ?.V1987vVertical Zones and Formation of the Parasitic Fauna in Deepwater Fishes from the Off-Shore Areas of the North AtlanticNAFO SCR Doc. 87/41 N 1326. in RussianF?&$Fleming, S Furness, R.W. Davies, I.M2000oContemporary patterns and historical rates of increase of mercury contamination in different marine food chains3ICES Annual Science Conference (ICES CM 2000/S:02).?'3Friesen, V.L. Lodha, V Monteiro, L.R. Furness, R.W 1998TEvidence for sympatric speciation in the band-rumped storm-petrel Oceanodroma castro400-401.Ostrich69?( Furness, R.W1994oAn estimate of the quantity of squid consumed by seabirds in the eastern North Atlantic and adjoining seas165-177. Fisheries Res 21?)Furness, R.W Monteiro, L.R1995XRed-billed tropicbird Phaethon aethereus in the Azores: first breeding record for Europe6-8. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl115?*&Furness, R.W G.M. Hilton L.R. Monteiro2000Influences of coastal habitat characteristics on the distribution of Cory’s Shearwater Calonectris diomedea in the Azores archipelago257-265. Bird Study47?+2Godley, B.J Thompson, D.R Waldron, S Furness, R.W 1998MThe trophic status of marine turtles as determined by stable isotope analysis 277-284.Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser166?,2Granadeiro, J.P Nunes, M Silva, M.C. Furness, R.W 1998fFlexible foraging strategy of Cory's shearwater, Calonectris diomedea, during the chick-rearing period 1169-1176. Animal Behaviour56?-(Granadeiro, J.P Burns, M.D Furness, R.W 1998}Patterns of activity and burrow attendance in Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea as revealed by a novel logging technique458-466.Ibis140?.,Granadeiro, J.P Monteiro, L.R. Furness, R.W 1998gDiet and feeding ecology of Cory’s shearwater Calonectris diomedea in the Azores, north-east Atlantic 267-276.Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.166?/'Granadeiro, J.P Burns, M.D Furness, R.W1999UFood provisioning to nestling shearwaters: why parental behaviour should be monitored663-671. Anim. Behav 57?09Granadeiro, J.P. Bolton, M Silva M.C Nunes M Furness, R.W2000lResponses of breeding Cory's shearwater Calonectris diomedea to experimental manipulation of chick condition274-281.Behavioral Ecology 11F?1AHilton, G.M K. Lilliendahl Solmundsson, D.C Houston R.W. Furness 2000=Geographical variation in the size of body organs in seabirdsFunctional Ecology14 369-379.?2"Hilton_GM Furness_RW , Houston_DC 2000;A comparative study of digestion in North Atlantic seabirds36-46. Journal of Avian Biology 31?31McKenzie, C Godley, B.J , Furness, R.W Wells, D.E1999sConcentrations and Patterns of Organochlorine Contaminants in Marine Turtles from Mediterranean and Atlantic Waters117-135.Marine Environmental Research 47?4Monteiro, L.R. Furness, R.W 19959Seabirds as monitors of mercury in the marine environment 851-870Water, Air and Soil Pollution 80?5)Monteiro, L.R. Furness, R.W del Nevo, A.J1995DMercury levels in seabirds from the Azores, mid-North Atlantic Ocean 304-309. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 28{?6Monteiro, L.R. Furness, R.W19959Seabirds as monitors of mercury in the marine environment pp. 851-870?7Monteiro, L.R. Furness, R.W1995*Fea's petrel Pterodroma feae in the Azores 9-14. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl 115?85Monteiro, L.R. Ramos, J.A Furness, R.W. del Nevo, A.J1996QMovements, Morphology, Breeding, Molt, Diet and Feeding of Seabirds in the Azores82-97.Colonial Waterbirds19?9/Monteiro, L.R Costa, V Furness, R.W Santos, R.S1996aMercury concentrations in prey fish indicate enhanced bioaccumulation in mesopelagic environments 21-25.Marine Ecology Progress Series141?:%Monteiro, L.R Ramos, J.A Furness, R.W1996[Past and present status and conservation of the seabirds breeding in the Azores archipelago319-328. Biological Conservation 78?;Monteiro, L.R Furness, R.W1996SMoult of Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea borealis during the breeding season 216-221.Condor 98?<Monteiro, L.R Furness, R.W1997Accelerated increase in mercury contamination in North Atlantic mesopelagic food chains as indicated by time series of seabird feathers 2489-2493.Environ. Toxicol. Chem16?=Monteiro, L.R Furness, R.W 1998oSpeciation through temporal segregation of Madeiran Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma castro) populations in the Azores945-953. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B353?>|Monteiro, L.R. Feio, R Wilson, L Hewitson, L. Pereira, J Ramos, J.A. Sola, E. Monteiro, P. Furness, R.W Tavares, A Neves, V 1998DUsing raft counts to census Cory’s shearwater Calonectris diomedea347.Ostrich 69??+Monteiro, L.R. Granadeiro, J.P Furness, R.W1998DThe relationship between mercury burdens and diet in Azores seabirds 259-265.Mar Ecol Prog Ser 166?@8Monteiro, L.R. Granadeiro, J.P Furness, R.W. Oliveira, P1999Contemporary patterns of mercury contamination in the Portuguese Atlantic inferred from mercury concentrations in seabird tissues137-156.Marine Environmental Research47?AMonteiro, L.R Furness, R.W 2001kKinetics, dose-response, excretion, and toxicity of methylmercury in free-living Cory’s shearwater chicks 1816-1823.Environ. Toxicol. Chem20?BMonteiro, L.R Furness, R.W2001aKinetics, dose-response, and excretion of methylmercury in free-living adult Cory’s shearwaters739-746. Environ. Sci. Technol 35N?CMonteiro_LR Ramos_JA Pereira_JRC Monteiro_PR Feio_RS Thompson_DR Bearhop_S Furness_RW Laranjo_M Hilton_G Neves_VC Groz_MP Thompson_KR1999Status and distribution of Fea's petrel, Bulwer's petrel, Manx shearwater, little shearwater and band-rumped storm-petrel in the Azores archipelago358-366. Waterbirds 22?D)Stewart, F.M. R.W. Furness L.R. Monteiro 1996Relationships Between Heavy Metal and Metallothionein Concentrations in Lesser Black-Backed Gulls, Larus fuscus and Cory's Shearwater, Calonectris diomedea299-305. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 30?E)Stewart, F.M. Monteiro, L.R Furness, R.W 1997kHeavy metal concentrations in Cory’s shearwater Calonectris diomedea fledglings from the Azores, Portugal 115-122.Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol58?F'Thompson, D.R. Furness, R.W Walsh, P.M1992Historical changes in mercury concentrations in the marine ecosystem of the north and north-east Atlantic Ocean as indicated by seabird feathers 79-84. J. Appl. Ecol 29?G)Thompson, D.R Furness, R.W Monteiro, L.R 1998ZSeabirds as biomonitors of mercury inputs to epipelagic and mesopelagic marine food chains299-305.Sci. Tot. Environ 213?HTThompson, D.R. Lilliendahl, K. Solmundsson, J Furness, R.W Waldron, S. Phillips, R.A1999kTrophic relationships among six species of Icelandic seabirds as determined through stable isotope analysis 898-903.Condor101sF?I-:New views of the Atlantic. Topical studies in oceanographyDeep-Sea Research Part II461-2?JAken, H. M. C. J. De Boer1995VOn the synoptic hydrography of intermediate and deep water masses in the Iceland Basin165-189Deep-Sea Research I422?KAken, H. M. van Becker1996[Hydrography and through-flow in the north-eastern North Atlantic Ocean: the NANSEN project.297-346Progress in Oceanography38??L Arhan, M.1990;The North Atlantic Current and Subarctic Intermediate Water109-144Journal of Marine Research481?M Bacon, S.1997JCirculation and fluxes in the North Atlantic between Greenland and Ireland 1420-1435 Journal of Physical Oceanography277?NBersch, M., J. Meincke A. Sy1999IInterannual thermohaline changes in the northern North Atlantic 1991-199655-75Deep-Sea Research II461-2F?O Bower, A. S.2000bWarm-water pathways in the Subpolar North Atlantic: An overview of the ACCE RAFOS float programme.WOCE Newsletter38?PFratantoni, D. M.2001]North Atlantic surface circulation during the 1990s observed with satellite-tracked drifters. 22067-22094Journal of Geophysical Research106C10F?QFuglister, F. C.1960vAtlantic Ocean Atlas, temperature and salinity profiles and data from the international Geophysical Year of 1957-1958.1Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution contribution1108u?S Krauss, W.1986The North Atlantic Current. 5061-5074Journal of Geophysical Research91C4?T&Lozier, M., S. W. B. Owens R. G. Curry1995&The climatology of the North Atlantic.1-44Progress in Oceanography361?U Read, J. F.2001OCONVEX-91: water masses and circulation of the Northeast Atlantic subpolar gyre461-510Progress in Oceanography484a?W Rossby, T.1999On gyre interaction139-164Deep-Sea Research II461-2F?X Rossby, T.2000FWarm-water pathways in the Subpolar North Atlantic: Some case studies.WOCE Newsletter38?Y!Speer, K. G., J. Gould J. LaCasce1999[Year-long float trajectories in the Labrador Sea Water of the eastern North Atlantic Ocean.165-179Deep-Sea Research II461-2?ZSy, A. U. Schauer J. Meincke1992sThe North Atlantic Current and its associated hydrographic structure above and eastwards of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.825-854Deep-Sea Research395A?[)Tsuchiya, M. L. D. Talley M. S. McCartney1992FAn eastern Atlantic section from Iceland southward across the equator. 1885-1918Deep-Sea Research3911/12A